Niall Culanach O'Neill

Niall Culanach O'Neill (Irish: Niall Cúlánach Ó Néill) (c. 1231–1291) was a king of Tyrone in medieval Ireland on three occasions between 1261 and 1291.^[1] His nickname Culánach, also anglicised as Culanagh, meant "of the long back hair".^[2]

The son of Donnell Og O'Neill, he wrested the kingship of Tyrone from his brother Hugh Boy O'Neill in 1261.^[3] That same year a battle took place between the Cenél Eógain led by O'Neill and the Cenél Conaill led by Donnell Og O'Donnell, which resulted in a resounding defeat for O'Neill with many chiefs killed or taken prisoner.^[4] At some point in 1262 Hugh Boy would expel Niall from the kingship.^[5]^[3] Possibly after this O'Neill seems to have become king of Inishowen, a sub-kingdom within Tyrone, and is styled as such in the 1270s.^[3]

In the early 1270s a feud erupted between the de Mandeville's and William FitzWarin, Seneschal of Ulster. Hugh Boy had taken the side of his de Mandeville friends and after burning five towns in the earldom, was routed by the seneschal. After this defeat, O'Neill saw an opportunity and offered his assistance to King Edward I in hunting down and destroying his brother, and claimed that Hugh Boy had protection from people within the Dublin administration. Despite this, Hugh Boy would receive a quick and lenient pardon for his part. The feud would continue until 1276 when the de Mandeville's were defeated.^[5]

Hugh Boy died in 1283 and his second-cousin Donnell O'Neill took the kingship. In 1286 Richard Óg de Burgh, 2nd Earl of Ulster, would depose Donnell and install Niall as king in his place. Donnell would retake the kingship by force in 1290 only for de Burgh to once again depose him in 1291 reinstalling Niall. That same year Donnell killed Niall, however before he could take the kingship Hugh Boy's son, Brian, had been installed by the outraged de Burgh.^[3]^[5]

References

^ "Irish Pedigree's; Or the Origin and Stem of the Irish Nation". Retrieved 11 July 2020.
^ "Annals of Connacht". Retrieved 24 October 2020. - 1286.3
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Orpen, Goddard H. (30 June 1915), "The Earldom of Ulster: Part IV. Inquisitions Touching Coleraine and Military Tenures (Continued)", The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, Sixth Series, 5 (2), Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland: 133–4
^ "Annals of the Four Masters". Retrieved 27 July 2020., years 1261-2.
^ ^a ^b ^c "O'Neill, (Ó Néill), Aed Buide". Retrieved 27 July 2020.

Regnal titles
Niall Culanach O'Neill O'Neill Dynasty Cadet branch of the Cenél nEógain Born: c. 1231 Died: 1291
Preceded by Hugh Boy O'Neill	King of Ailech 1st reign 1261-1262	Succeeded by Hugh Boy O'Neill
Preceded by Hugh Boy O'Neill	King of Tyrone 1st reign 1261-1262	Succeeded by Hugh Boy O'Neill
Unknown	King of Inishowen Possibly 1263-1286	Unknown
Preceded by Donnell O'Neill	King of Tyrone 2nd reign 1286-1290	Succeeded by Donnell O'Neill
Preceded by Donnell O'Neill	King of Tyrone 3rd reign 1291	Succeeded by Brian O'Neill

v t e O'Neill dynasty
General	Connachta Uí Néill Northern Uí Néill Cenél nEógain (Branches) Gaelic nobility of Ireland Kings of Ailech Tyrone (Kings) Clandeboye Kings of Ulster Earl of Tyrone Viscount O'Neill O'Neill baronets An sluagh sidhe so i nEamhuin? High King of Ireland Tyrone's Rebellion Treaty of Mellifont Flight of the Earls Irish Rebellion of 1641 Irish Confederate Wars O'Neill's Regiment
Early progenitors	Niall of the Nine Hostages Eógan mac Néill Muiredach mac Eógain Muirchertach mac Muiredaig Domnall Ilchelgach Áed Uaridnach Máel Fithrich mac Áedo Máel Dúin mac Máele Fithrich Fergal mac Máele Dúin Niall Frossach Áed Oirdnide Niall Caille Áed Findliath
O'Neill	Niall Glúndub Muirchertach mac Néill Domnall ua Néill Domnall Ua Lochlainn Flaithbertach Ua Néill Áed in Macáem Tóinlesc Aodh Méith Donnell Óg O'Neill Niall Culanach O'Neill
O'Neill Roe	Niall Roe O'Neill Brian O'Neill Donnell O'Neill Áed Remar O'Neill Niall Mór mac Aodha Reamhair Niall Óg mac Néill Brian Óg mac Néill Óg Donnell O'Neill Art Oge O'Neill Conn O'Neill Phelim Caoch O'Neill Shane O'Neill Matthew O'Neill Brian O'Neill Hugh O'Neill Conn O'Neill Shane O'Neill Cormac MacBaron O'Neill Art MacBaron O'Neill Owen Roe O'Neill Brian MacArt O'Neill Hugh McShane O'Neill Henry MacShane O'Neill Conn MacShane O'Neill Turlough MacShane O'Neill Phelim MacShane O'Neill Gordon O'Neill Turlough Luineach O'Neill Arthur O'Neill
O'Neill Clandeboye	Hugh Boy O'Neill Brian O'Neill Henry O'Neill Muirchertach Ceannfada O'Neill Brian Ballagh O'Neill Murtagh Roe O'Neill Hugh Boy II O'Neill Conn O'Neill Niall Mór O'Neill Hugh O'Neill Brian Ballagh II O'Neill Niall Oge O'Neill Murtagh Dulenagh O'Neill Phelim Bacagh O'Neill Brian McPhelim O'Neill Hugh Oge O'Neill Neil O'Neill Daniel O'Neill Rose O'Neill John O'Neill Charles O'Neill John Bruce O'Neill Felix O'Neill Conn Ó Néill João O'Neill Carlos O'Neill José Maria O'Neill José Carlos O'Neill Jorge Torlades O'Neill I Jorge Torlades O'Neill II Hugo José Jorge O'Neill Jorge Maria O'Neill Charles Henry O'Neill
O'Neill of the Fews	William Johnson John Johnson Guy Johnson Arturo O'Neill
Places	County Tyrone Tullyhogue Fort Dungannon
Kinsmen	McLaughlin Barron McSweeney Devlin MacNeil MacNamee Conway MacManus
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