Nguyễn Phúc Tần

Nguyễn Phúc Tần
阮福瀕
Nguyễn lords
Lord of Cochinchina
Nguyễn Lords
Reign1648–1687
PredecessorNguyễn Phúc Lan
SuccessorNguyễn Phúc Thái
BornJuly 18, 1620
DiedApril 30, 1687(1687-04-30) (aged 66)
Cochinchina
SpouseChu Thị Viên
Tống Thị Đôi
IssueNguyễn Phúc Diễn
Nguyễn Phúc Thái
Nguyễn Phúc Trân
Nguyễn Phúc Thuần
Names
Nguyễn Phúc Tần (阮福瀕)
Regnal name
Chúa Hiền (主賢 "Lord Hiền")
Posthumous name
Tuyên Uy Kiến Vũ Anh Minh Trang Thánh Đức Thần Công Hiếu Triết hoàng đế
宣威建武英明莊正聖德神功孝哲皇帝
Temple name
Thái Tông (太宗)
HouseNguyễn Phúc
FatherNguyễn Phúc Lan
MotherĐoàn Thị Ngọc
ReligionBuddhism

Nguyễn Phúc Tần (Vietnamese: Nguyễn Phúc Tần / 阮福瀕; 18 July 1620 – 30 April 1687) was one of the Nguyễn lords who ruled south Vietnam from the city of Phú Xuân (modern-day Huế) from 1648 to 1687. During his rule, the Trịnh–Nguyễn War came to an end. During his reign, he annexed nearly all the remaining Champa lands. Phuc Tan was the second son of Nguyễn Phúc Lan. Lan died just before Trịnh Tráng made yet another effort to conquer the southern provinces. Phuc Lan took the title Duong Quan-Cong (Duke of Duong).

Biography

Main article: Trịnh–Nguyễn War
Map of Vietnam showing (roughly) the areas controlled by the Trịnh, Nguyễn, Mạc, and Champa about the year 1640

Shortly after his father's death, Trịnh Tráng launched his final offensive against the Nguyễn. But in a climactic battle, called Truong Duc, the Royal (Trịnh) army was destroyed. At the same time, the Lê Emperor (Lê Chan Tông) died, possibly as a result of being at the battle. This defeat was devastating for the Trịnh and the Nguyễn clan's generals planned to further the success and conquer the Imperial Capital.

Four years after the battle, the Nguyễn army commenced their own offensive into Trịnh territory. In 1653 they drove the Royal (Trịnh) army out of Quảng Bình Province. The next year the Nguyễn army captured Hà Tĩnh Province. The old Trịnh lord Trịnh Tráng died at this point and was succeeded by his son, the very capable Trịnh Tạc. The Nguyễn army moved into Nghệ An Province in 1655 but they were fatally weakened by a dispute between two of the Nguyễn generals. The result was that Trịnh Tạc was able to defeat the Nguyễn armies in turn and drive the Nguyễn forces back to the great walls in 1656. The Nguyễn offensive was over.

After five years of rest and refit, Trịnh Tạc staged a small offensive against the walls in 1661 but with the usual result. The walls held and the attack was halted.

For the next decade Trịnh Tạc focused on the north while Nguyễn Phúc Tần focused on the south, expanding his territory against the Champa and around Saigon.

Finally, in 1672, Trịnh Tạc made one last attempt to capture Phú Xuân (Huế) and bring the Nguyễn under control. The attacking army was under the command of Trịnh Tạc's son, Trịnh Căn, while the defending army was under the command of Nguyễn Phúc Tần's son Prince Nguyễn Phuoc Thuan. The assault failed but this time, Trịnh Tạc offered to end the war with a truce. Nguyễn Phúc Tần accepted this truce and so the long war finally came to an end. The border between the two parts of Vietnam was fixed at the Linh River. The truce held for the next 100 years.

Nguyễn Phúc Tần could now turn his full attention to the south and his army and government officials were able to solidify control over the southernmost provinces. Tensions were rising between the Vietnamese and the Cambodians, but open warfare had not yet broken out.

On April 30, 1687, Nguyễn Phúc Tần died and was succeeded by another son, Nguyễn Phúc Trăn.

See also

Sources

  • Encyclopedia of Asian History, Volume 3 ('Nguyễn Lords') 1988. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York.
  • The Encyclopedia of Military History by R. Ernest Dupuy and Trevor N. Dupuy. Harper & Row (New York).
Vietnamese royalty
Preceded by Nguyễn lords
Lord of Cochinchina
1648–1687 		Succeeded by

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