NewHope

Stub icon

This cryptography-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

In post-quantum cryptography, NewHope is a key-agreement protocol by Erdem Alkim, Léo Ducas, Thomas Pöppelmann, and Peter Schwabe that is designed to resist quantum computer attacks.[1][2]

NewHope is based on a mathematical problem ring learning with errors (RLWE) that is believed to be difficult to solve. NewHope has been selected as a round-two contestant in the NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization competition,[3] and was used in Google's CECPQ1 experiment as a quantum-secure algorithm, alongside the classical X25519 algorithm.[4][5]

Design choices

The designers of NewHope made several choices in developing the algorithm:[6]

  • Binomial Sampling: Although sampling to high-quality discrete Gaussian distribution is important in post-quantum lattice-based compact signature scheme such as Falcon (GPV-style Hash-and-Sign paradigm) and BLISS (GLP-style Fiat–Shamir paradigm) to prevent signature from leaking information about the private key, it's otherwise not so essential to key exchange schemes. The author chose to sample error vectors from binomial distribution.
  • Error Reconciliation: What distinguishes NewHope from its predecessors is its method for error reconciliation. Previous ring learning with error key exchange schemes correct errors one coefficient at a time, whereas NewHope corrects errors 2 or 4 coefficients at a time based on high-dimension geometry. This allows for lower decryption failure rate and higher security.
  • Base Vector Generation: The authors of NewHope proposed deriving the base "generator" vector (commonly denoted as A or ) from the output of the XOF function SHAKE-128 in order to prevent "back-doored" values from being used, as may happen with traditional Diffie–Hellman through Logjam attack.
  • Security Levels: In the early versions of the papers describing NewHope, authors proposed using 1024-degree polynomial for 128-bit "post-quantum" security level, and a 512-degree polynomial as "toy" instance for cryptanalysis challenge.[7] In the version submitted to NIST, the 512-degree version is codified to provide 128-bit "classical" security level.

See also

References

  1. ^ "NewHope Post-quantum key encapsulation".
  2. ^ "Chrome: Stop future computers from cracking current encryption". CNET.
  3. ^ Computer Security Division, Information Technology Laboratory (3 January 2017). "Round 2 Submissions - Post-Quantum Cryptography - CSRC". Csrc.nist.gov. Retrieved 14 November 2019.
  4. ^ "Experimenting with Post-Quantum Cryptography". security.googleblog.com. 7 July 2016. Retrieved 14 November 2019.
  5. ^ "CECPQ1 results (28 Nov 2016)". Adam Langley, security officer at Google.
  6. ^ Original proposal paper
  7. ^ "Post-quantum key exchange - a new hope". eprint.iacr.org. 10 November 2016. Retrieved 14 November 2019.

Read other articles:

Billy Long

American politician (born 1955) For other persons named Bill Long, see Bill Long. Billy LongMember of the U.S. House of Representativesfrom Missouri's 7th districtIn officeJanuary 3, 2011 – January 3, 2023Preceded byRoy BluntSucceeded byEric Burlison Personal detailsBornWilliam Hollis Long II (1955-08-11) August 11, 1955 (age 68)Springfield, Missouri, U.S.Political partyRepublicanSpouse Barbara Long ​(m. 1984)​Children2EducationUniversi...

 

Vertamocores

Les peuples pré-romains du Piémont (carte du musée des antiquités de Turin) Les Vertamocores, ou Vertamocori, ou Vertacomacori, sont un peuple gaulois du sud de la Gaule, ayant donné leur nom au plateau du Vercors. Ethnonymie Attestations Les Vertamocores sont attestés avec plusieurs ethnonymes : Vertamocori[1]. Cette forme est absente du dictionnaire Gaffiot. Nous la trouvons dans Caton (Origines, livre 2, fragments)[2]. Vertamocorii[3]. Vertacomacori, forme donnée par Pline (3, ...

 

John Ferrett

Australian politician John FerrettMember of the Queensland Legislative Assemblyfor MaranoaIn office4 May 1860 – 27 June 1863Preceded byNew seatSucceeded byWilliam Francis KennedyMember of the Queensland Legislative Assemblyfor West MoretonIn office25 June 1870 – 18 November 1873Serving with George Thorn, Jr., Frederick ForbesPreceded bySamuel HodgsonSucceeded bySeat abolished Personal detailsBornJohn Ferrett1812Dorsetshire, EnglandDied4 June 1894OccupationPastora...

Pizza Hut

Pizza HutLogo yang digunakan dari tahun 1974 hingga 1999; digunakan kembali pada tahun 2019 di Amerika SerikatPizza Hut Classic yang berlokasi di Kilmarnock, VirginiaJenis anak perusahaan yang sepenuhnya dimilikiIndustriRestoranDidirikan15 Juni 1958; 65 tahun lalu (1958-06-15)Wichita, Kansas, U.S.PendiriDan CarneyFrank CarneyKantorpusat7100 Perusahaan Dr., Plano, Texas[1]Cabang18,703 restoran di seluruh dunia (2020)[2]TokohkunciMicah Cory (Presiden Pizza Hut A.S.)[3&#...

 

Elio Migliorini

Elio Migliorini (Rovigo, 9 marzo 1902 – Roma, 7 dicembre 1988) è stato un geografo ed esperantista italiano. Indice 1 Biografia 1.1 Migliorini e l'esperanto 2 Opere 2.1 Opere legate all'esperanto 3 Bibliografia 4 Collegamenti esterni Biografia Fu eminente geografo, e collaborò con l'Istituto di geografia dell'Università di Roma, oggi La Sapienza, e con la Società Geografica Italiana; fu membro dell'Accademia delle Scienze italiana e dell'Accademia dei Lincei. Dal 1945 al 1947 fu, per no...

 

Cape Canaveral Launch Complex 11

Former missile test launch site in Florida, USA This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Cape Canaveral Launch Complex 11 – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Launch Complex 11Atlas-B with SCORE on LC-11Launch siteCape Canaveral...

Meprylcaine

Chemical compound MeprylcaineLegal statusLegal status UK: Under Psychoactive Substances Act Identifiers IUPAC name benzoic acid (2-methyl-2-propylaminopropyl) ester CAS Number495-70-5PubChem CID4065ChemSpider3925UNII82YT7WU9PWChEMBLChEMBL127810CompTox Dashboard (EPA)DTXSID70197810 Chemical and physical dataFormulaC14H21NO2Molar mass235.327 g·mol−13D model (JSmol)Interactive image SMILES CC(COC(C1=CC=CC=C1)=O)(C)NCCC InChI InChI=1S/C14H21NO2/c1-4-10-15-14(2,3)11-17-13(16)12-8-6-5-...

 

Masa biasa

Hijau adalah warna liturgi pada Masa Biasa Masa Biasa (bahasa Latin: Tempus per annum) adalah bagian dari tahun liturgi dalam liturgi Ritus Barat Gereja Katolik, sebagaimana direvisi pada tahun 1969, yang jatuh di luar dua musim raya Masa Natal dan Paskah, atau musim persiapan masing-masing Adven dan Prapaskah.[1] Referensi ^ Universal Norms on the Liturgical Year and the Calendar, 43 lbsTahun liturgi dalam Gereja KatolikBentuk Biasa Ritus Romawi dalam Gereja Latin (Kalender 1969)...

 

هنود

هنودمعلومات عامةنسبة التسمية الهند التعداد الكليالتعداد قرابة 1.21 مليار[1][2]تعداد الهند عام 2011ق. 1.32 مليار[3]تقديرات عام 2017ق. 30.8 مليون[4]مناطق الوجود المميزةبلد الأصل الهند البلد الهند  الهند نيبال 4,000,000[5] الولايات المتحدة 3,982,398[6] الإمار...

أنغون (ألاسكا)

أنغون   الإحداثيات 57°30′03″N 134°35′00″W / 57.500941666667°N 134.58346388889°W / 57.500941666667; -134.58346388889   [1] تاريخ التأسيس 7 مايو 1963  تقسيم إداري  البلد الولايات المتحدة[2]  خصائص جغرافية  المساحة 100.41022 كيلومتر مربع100.414036 كيلومتر مربع (1 أبريل 2010)  ارتفاع 7 متر  ...

 

Frank Grillo

Frank GrilloGrillo di tahun 2019LahirFrank Anthony Grillo8 Juni 1965 (umur 58)New York City, New York, U.S.AlmamaterUniversitas New YorkPekerjaanActorTahun aktif1992–presentSuami/istriKathy Grillo ​ ​(m. 1991; c. 1998)​Wendy Moniz ​ ​(m. 2000; div. 2020)​Anak3 Frank Anthony Grillo (lahir 8 Juni 1965)[1][2] adalah seorang aktor film Amerika Serikat. Dia dikenal karena me...

 

Мария Йозефа Саксонская

В Википедии есть статьи о других людях с именем Мария Саксонская. Мария Йозефа Саксонскаянем. Maria Josepha von Sachsen эрцгерцогиня Австрийская, принцесса Венгрии, Чехии и Богемии принцесса Саксонская Рождение 31 мая 1867(1867-05-31)[1]Дрезден, Королевство Саксония[2] Смерть 28 ма...

Lee Jeong-min

Jeong MinLahirLee Jeong-min (이정민)2 Januari 1994 (umur 30)Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Korea SelatanPekerjaanPenyanyiTinggi173 cm (5 ft 8 in) Jeong Min (정민; atau Jeongmin, lahir 2 Januari 1994) adalah seorang penyanyi asal Korea Selatan. Ia adalah anggota grup vokal laki-laki BOYFRIEND. Ia akan membuat debut solo pada 19 Juni 2019 dengan album singel perdana Nearby. Diskografi Album singel Nearby (2019) Kolaborasi Starship Planet 2012 (dengan K.Will, Soyou) (2012) Pranala...

 

Melfi

Melfi Stad in Italië Situering Regio Basilicata Provincie Potenza Coördinaten 41° 0′ NB, 15° 39′ OL Algemeen Oppervlakte 205,15 km² Inwoners (1 januari 2023) 17.092[1] (79 inw./km²) Hoogte 532 m Overig Aangrenzende gemeenten Aquilonia, Ascoli Satriano, Candela, Lacedonia, Lavello, Monteverde, Rapolla, Rionero in Vulture, Rocchetta Sant'Antonio Beschermheilige Sant'Alessandro ISTAT-code 076048 Foto's Kasteel van Melfi Portaal    Italië Melfi is een stad in...

 

Syrian nationality law

History and regulations of Syrian citizenship Syrian Citizenship ActParliament of Syria Long title An Act relating to Syrian citizenship CitationAct No. 276/69Territorial extentSyriaEnacted byPeople's Council of SyriaEnacted24 November 1969Signed byPresident Nureddin al-AtassiCommenced24 November 1969Administered byMinistry of the InteriorRepealsLegislative Decree 67/1961Status: Current legislation Politics of Syria Member State of the Arab League Constitution Preamble and Chap...

Tom Blake (surfer)

American surfer and inventor (1902–1994) Thomas Edward Blake (March 8, 1902 – May 5, 1994) was an American athlete, inventor, and writer, widely considered to be one of the most influential surfers in history, and a key figure in transforming surfing from a regional Hawaiian specialty to a nationally popular sport.[1] Assessing Blake's significance, sociologist Kristin Lawler wrote that Tom Blake is a legendary figure; he's considered the founder of California surf culture. He per...

 

Corruption in Croatia

Institutional corruption in the country As of the early 2020s, Croatia has severe problems with systemic and political corruption. Among European Union member states, it is generally ranked as one of the five most corrupt states. Political corruption Forms and concepts Bribery Cronyism Economics of corruption Electoral fraud Elite capture Influence peddling Kleptocracy Mafia state Nepotism Pyrrhic defeat theory Slush fund Simony State capture State-corporate crime Throffer Anti-corruption Int...

 

Alysa Stanton

American rabbi RabbiAlysa StantonStanton at the White HousePersonal detailsBornAugust 2, 1963Cleveland, OhioEducationColorado State University; Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of ReligionOccupationRabbi Alysa Stanton (born August 2, 1963) is an American Reform rabbi, and the first African American female rabbi.[1][2] Ordained on June 6, 2009,[1][2] in August 2009 she began work as a rabbi at Congregation Bayt Shalom, a small majority-white synagogue in Gr...

Becoming a Billionaire

South Korean TV series or program Becoming a BillionaireAlso known asBirth of the Rich Birth of a Rich ManGenreComedyRomanceWritten byChoi Min-kiDirected byLee Jin-seoStarringJi Hyun-wooLee Bo-youngLee Si-youngNamkoong MinCountry of originSouth KoreaOriginal languageKoreanNo. of episodes20ProductionProducerLee Han-hoProduction locationsSeoul, South KoreaRunning time60 minutes Mondays and Tuesdays at 21:55 (KST)Production companyDa.da Creative GroupOriginal releaseNetworkKBS2ReleaseMarch 1...

 

Enrique Barón Crespo

Enrique Barón Crespo Presidente del Parlamento europeoDurata mandato10 maggio 1989 –5 luglio 1992 PredecessoreCharles Henry Plumb SuccessoreEgon Klepsch Vicepresidente del Parlamento europeoDurata mandato12 maggio 1987 –10 maggio 1989 PresidenteCharles Henry Plumb PredecessoreRui Amaral SuccessoreAlexander Langer Capogruppo del PSE al Parlamento europeoDurata mandato22 giugno 1999 –10 maggio 2004 PredecessorePauline Green SuccessoreMartin Schul...