Nepenthaceae (1908 monograph)

Front cover (left) and two representative figures from Macfarlane's monograph. The one in the centre shows vegetative and floral parts of N. ampullaria; the one on the right illustrates various glandular structures.

"Nepenthaceae" is a monograph by John Muirhead Macfarlane on the tropical pitcher plants of the genus Nepenthes.[1] It was published in 1908 in Adolf Engler's Das Pflanzenreich.[1] It was the most exhaustive revision of the genus up to that point, covering all known species, and included detailed accounts of the structure, anatomy, and development of Nepenthes.[1]

Content

Macfarlane recognised 58 species, including 8 newly described ones: N. anamensis (later synonymised with N. smilesii),[2][3] N. beccariana, N. copelandii, N. deaniana, N. hemsleyana, N. neglecta (possibly the natural hybrid between N. gracilis and N. mirabilis),[4] N. philippinensis, and N. tubulosa (later synonymised with N. mirabilis).[2][5] Macfarlane also described a number of new varieties, including N. alata var. biflora (later synonymised with N. negros),[6] N. alata var. ecristata (later synonymised with N. kurata),[7] N. albomarginata var. rubra, N. hirsuta var. glabrata, N. hirsuta var. typica, N. tentaculata var. tomentosa, and N. vieillardii var. montrouzieri.[8] The varietal name N. gracilis var. arenaria, originating from a herbarium sheet, also appeared in print for the first time in Macfarlane's monograph.[8] The work included all manmade hybrids known at the time.[1]

Macfarlane synonymised a number of species, including N. korthalsiana with N. gracilis, N. macrostachya with N. mirabilis, N. sumatrana with N. treubiana (later reversed),[9] and both N. teysmanniana and N. tomentella with N. albomarginata.[1][10] Macfarlane restored N. edwardsiana as a species distinct from N. villosa.[1] This decision was reversed by B. H. Danser in his 1928 work, "The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies",[5] but is universally accepted today.[2]

Macfarlane recognised N. × cincta as a natural hybrid between N. albomarginata and N. northiana, and N. × harryana as a natural hybrid between N. edwardsiana and N. villosa.[1]

Species

The following 58 taxa are enumerated and detailed in Macfarlane's "Nepenthaceae". Varieties recognised by Macfarlane are also included. Taxon names are listed as they appear in the monograph, including orthographic variants, though specific epithets derived from proper nouns have been decapitalised.

  1. N. alata
    1. var. biflora
    2. var. ecristata
  2. N. albo-lineata
  3. N. albo-marginata
    1. var. rubra
    2. var. villosa
  4. N. alicae
  5. N. ampullaria
    1. var. geelvinkiana
    2. var. longicarpa
  6. N. anamensis
  7. N. angustifolia
  8. N. armbrustae
  9. N. beccariana
  10. N. bernaysii
  11. N. bicalcarata
  12. N. blancoi
  13. N. bongso
  14. N. boschiana
  15. N. burbidgei [sic]
  16. N. burkei
    1. var. excellens
    2. var. prolifica
  17. N. cholmondeleyi
  18. N. copelandii
  19. N. deaniana
  20. N. distillatoria
  21. N. echinostoma
  22. N. edwardsiana
  23. N. eustachya
  24. N. garrawayae
  25. N. gracilis
  26. N. hemsleyana
  27. N. hirsuta
    1. var. glabrata
    2. var. typica
  28. N. hookeriana
  29. N. jardinei
  30. N. kennedyana
  31. N. khasiana
  32. N. lowii
  33. N. macfarlanei
  34. N. madagascariensis
  35. N. maxima
  36. N. melamphora
    1. var. haematamphora
    2. var. tomentella
  37. N. moorei
  38. N. neglecta
  39. N. northiana
  40. N. pervillei
  41. N. philippinensis
  42. N. phyllamphora
  43. N. rafflesiana
    1. var. minor
    2. var. nigro-purpurea
    3. var. nivea
  44. N. rajah
  45. N. reinwardtiana
  46. N. rowanae
  47. N. sanguinea
  48. N. singalana
  49. N. smilesii
  50. N. stenophylla
  51. N. tentaculata
    1. var. imberbis
    2. var. tomentosa
  52. N. treubiana
  53. N. trichocarpa
  54. N. tubulosa
  55. N. veitchii
  56. N. ventricosa
  57. N. vieillardii
    1. var. deplanchei
    2. var. montrouzieri
  58. N. villosa
Nomina nuda v. incerta
  1. N. cristata
  2. N. lindleyana

In addition, Macfarlane lists N. gracillima as a possible synonym of N. albomarginata; the species are numbered 7* and 7, respectively.[1]

Reviews and later works

At the time of its publication, "Nepenthaceae" was praised for its many high quality illustrations (95 images in 19 figures) of both morphological and anatomical features.[11]

Research conducted after World War I quickly rendered Macfarlane's monograph outdated.[2] Much additional herbarium material was accumulated during this time, representing both new species and better specimens of known taxa, which highlighted issues with previous interpretations.[4][9] The need for a new revision of the genus was satisfied with the publication of B. H. Danser's seminal 1928 monograph, "The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies". However, Danser's treatment did not encompass the entire range of the genus. It would not be until Matthew Jebb and Martin Cheek's 1997 monograph, "A skeletal revision of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae)", that the entire genus was once again revised in a single work.[9]


References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Macfarlane, J.M. 1908. Nepenthaceae. In: A. Engler. Das Pflanzenreich IV, III, Heft 36: 1–91.
  2. ^ a b c d McPherson, S.R. 2009. Pitcher Plants of the Old World. 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
  3. ^ (in Italian) Catalano, M. 2010. Nepenthes della Thailandia: Diario di viaggio. Prague.
  4. ^ a b Clarke, C.M. 1997. Nepenthes of Borneo. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
  5. ^ a b Danser, B.H. 1928. The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg, Série III, 9(3–4): 249–438.
  6. ^ Cheek, M. & M. Jebb 2013. Typification and redelimitation of Nepenthes alata with notes on the N. alata group, and N. negros sp. nov. from the Philippines. Nordic Journal of Botany 31(5): 616–622. doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.2012.00099.x
  7. ^ Cheek, M. & M. Jebb 2013. Recircumscription of the Nepenthes alata group (Caryophyllales: Nepenthaceae), in the Philippines, with four new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 69: 1–23. doi:10.5852/ejt.2013.69
  8. ^ a b Schlauer, J. N.d. Query results: Pflanzenr.36. Carnivorous Plant Database.
  9. ^ a b c Clarke, C.M. 2001. Nepenthes of Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
  10. ^ Kurata, S. 2002. "Revision trial in recent enumeration of Nepenthes species" (PDF). Proceedings of the 4th International Carnivorous Plant Conference: 111–116.
  11. ^ (in German) Wangerin, W. 1910. Macfarlane, J. M., Nepenthaceae. In: Lotsy, J.P. (ed.) Botanisches Centralblatt: Referirendes Organ der Association Internationale des Botanistes für das Gesamtgebiet der Botanik. Volume 31, issue 113. Gustav Fischer, Jena. pp. 501–502.