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National Forces Alliance

تحالف القوى الوطنية
Taḥalluf al-quwa al-waṭaniyya
National Forces Alliance تحالف القوى الوطنية; Taḥalluf al-quwa al-waṭaniyya
President	Vacant
Secretary-general	Salaheddin El Bishari
Founded	February 2012
Ideology	Libyan nationalism; Islamic democracy; Economic liberalism; Liberalism
Political position	Big tent
Colors	; Red, black, green
General National Congress	39 / 200
Website
	http://nfalibya.org/
	Politics of Libya; Political parties; Elections;

The National Forces Alliance (Arabic: تحالف القوى الوطنية, Taḥalluf al-quwa al-waṭaniyya)^[4] is a political alliance in Libya. The alliance was created in February 2012. It includes 58 political organisations,^[6] 236 NGOs, and more than 280 independents. The alliance has a predominantly liberal tendency.^[7]

History

NFA was created in February 2012. On 14 March 2012, the former wartime prime-minister, Mahmoud Jibril, was elected president of the alliance. NFA competed in the Libyan General National Congress election, 2012. It fielded 70 candidates across Libya.^[6] Bucking the Islamist trend set by the Muslim Brotherhood's victories in Egyptian and Tunisian elections, the NFA beat out the Justice and Construction Party (Muslim Brotherhood's political arm in Libya) to take first place. NFA received 48% of the popular vote and won 39 of the 80 party-list seats.^[8] It is also estimated that 25 of the 120 independents in the GNC are associated with the NFA.^[9] Two NFA deputies were subsequently removed from the GNC by the integrity commission due to them having served as officials under the Gaddafi regime.^[9] On 14 November 2012, NFA became the largest governmental political party.

Leadership

The leader represents the alliance in the political conversations, parliament or others. The general secretariat acts like the alliance's governing body. Former interim prime-minister, Mahmoud Jibril is the leader of NFA. Abdul Rahman Al Shater was the secretary-general. As of 3 October 2012, the secretary-general is Salaheddin El Bishari.^[6]

Ideology

The NFA is widely considered towards the more liberal end of the political spectrum, but it does not describe itself as secularist.^[6] It has pledged to run the country as a "civil democratic" state, which respects minority groups, non-Muslims and foreigners. It doesn't believe the country should be run entirely by Sharia law, but does hold that Sharia should be "the main inspiration for legislation." NFA is eager to play down the "liberal" label in order not to scare off religious Libyans. Jibril denied the classification of the NFA as liberal, but stressed its heterogeneous composition and moderate positioning.^[10] He described the NFA as a moderate Islamic movement that recognises the importance of Islam in political life.^[6] A study by the German Institute for International and Security Affairs claims that "while perceived by some observers as 'liberal,' Mahmoud Jibril’s National Forces Alliance is in fact an unideological rallying point for parts of the establishment."The study further explains that what NFA deputies "have in common is belonging to an economically privileged class and prominent families. Well-known representatives of the former exiled opposition are absent; instead the NFA builds on prominent local figures." The study argues that "The Alliance can best be understood as an unideological electoral coalition of those parts of the elites that remained in Libya during the Gaddafi era, and for this reason had to find some kind of accommodation with the regime."^[9]

On the economy, the NFA favors globalization and attracting foreign investment. It supports privatization in principle, but says that Libya needs to first rebuild its infrastructure. It backs the idea of introducing minimum wage and expanding the Libyan social security system. NFA favors the creation of special economic zones along Libya's borders.^[6] From 2007 to early 2011, Jibril served in the Gaddafi regime as head of the National Planning Council of Libya and of the National Economic Development Board of Libya (NEDB).^[11] While there, he was a protégé of Saif al-Islam Gaddafi and promoted privatization and liberalization policies.^[12]^{[unreliable source?]}

Many see Jibril's past association with the previous regime as an issue.^[13] German Institute for International and Security Affairs explains that "in line with its leaders’ own interests, the National Forces Alliance pursues a moderate line on the question of how comprehensively former regime officials should be excluded from politics and administration."^[9]

While against federalism, the NFA strongly supports the decentralization of certain areas of governance such as education, healthcare and transportation. The NFA also proposes a proportion of taxes collected specifically for local councils to utilize as they see fit.^[14]

On foreign policy, NFA secretary-general Krekshi said, "Definitely, we will be more open to cooperation with those countries who supported us in the revolution, but we will also deal with Russia and China as an interest of the state."^[6] According to a US 2011 diplomatic cable, "Jibril is a serious interlocutor who 'gets' the U.S. perspective."^[15]

References

^ "Former Libyan PM Mahmoud Jibril has died from complications related to coronavirus".
^ Hussein Ibish (10 July 2012), "Libya makes us rethink the Islamists' sway", Now Lebanon, archived from the original on 17 July 2012, retrieved 10 July 2012
^ "Party Profile: The National Forces Alliance". July 2012.
^ ^a ^b Patrick Haimzadeh (3 July 2012), "Libya's Unquiet Election", Middle East Online, archived from the original on 16 June 2013, retrieved 5 July 2012
^ John Thorne (9 July 2012), "Neither liberal nor Islamist: Who are Libya's frontrunners?", The Christian Science Monitor, archived from the original on 12 July 2012, retrieved 12 July 2012
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g George Grant (1 July 2012), "Party Profile: The National Forces Alliance", Libya Herald, archived from the original on 16 January 2014, retrieved 20 November 2012
^ Margaret Coker (22 June 2012), "Libya Election Panel Battles Ghosts", The Wall Street Journal, archived from the original on 25 September 2017, retrieved 8 August 2017
^ "National Forces Alliance sweeps party lists as election results finally announced", Libya Herald, 17 July 2012, archived from the original on 22 August 2019, retrieved 18 July 2012
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Lacher, Wolfram (May 2013). "Fault Lines of the Revolution" (PDF). SWP. Research Papers. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 September 2018. Retrieved 14 January 2014.
^ Catherine Norris-Trent (11 July 2012), "Who are Libya's liberals?", France 24, archived from the original on 18 July 2012, retrieved 18 July 2012
^ Wikileaks - 09TRIPOLI386, reviewed and hosted at Politiken
^ Enrico Piovesana Il possibile successore di Gheddafi Archived 2012-05-16 at the Wayback Machine, peacereporter, 24 March 2011
^ Umar Khan (5 June 2012). "Libya's delayed elections are hard to call". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 24 December 2013. Retrieved 23 June 2012.
^ POMED Backgrounder: Previewing Libya's Elections (PDF), Project on Middle East Democracy, 5 July 2012, archived from the original (PDF) on 22 October 2012
^ "Head of Libyan "think tank" outlines human development strategy". The Telegraph. 31 January 2011. Archived from the original on 10 October 2011. Retrieved 3 September 2012.