Natalya Shikolenko (Belarusian: Натальля Шыкаленка; born August 1, 1964, in Andizhan, Soviet Union) is a javelin thrower who represented the Soviet Union and later Belarus. She won an Olympic silver medal and a World Championship gold.
Her sister Tatyana Shikolenko is also a successful javelin thrower, first representing Belarus but switching to Russia in 1996.