Nasamones

The Nasamones (Ancient Greek: Νασαμῶνες)[1] were a nomadic Berber tribe inhabiting southeast Libya. They were believed to be a Numidian people, along with the Garamantes they hunted Troglodytae referred to as Arabs of south.[2][3] They had established their tribe with their important leaders as rulers and they had a sphere of influence from Siwa Oasis to the Gulf of Sitre.[4][5]

History

There is a story about a young Nasamonian king named Etearchus.[6] who travelled through the Sahara and Libya and discovered the River (possibly Niger River) where they found a Great City, gaining access to gold and Trans-Saharan trade[7][8][9][10][11]

They took their name from Nasamon (Νασάμων), the son of Amphithemis and the nymph Tritonis.[12] while also being ancestors of Zenaga people and Laguatan[13] from translation of an ancient Numidian language inscription. They also practiced Polygamy[14]

The Nasamones were centred in the oases of Awjila and Siwa in the Libyan Desert. They used war chariots with four horses, like the Garamantes. They were known to attack and be defeated and killed by the Greek colonies in Cyrenaica. During the Peloponnesian War, the citizens of Euesperides received aid from the Spartan general Gylippus, who helped defend the town and defended it by defeating and killing the Nasomones from the Nasamone attack on his way to Sicily. Later, Pliny the Elder recounts that the Nasamones defeated the Psylli tribe in war, expelling them from the area and they lived with them in the same area later. They would been known to attack and burn ships although on a small scale.[15] The Roman emperor Augustus worked to pacify the Cyrenaican tribes and sent proconsul Publius Sulpicius Quirinus to govern Creta et Cyrenaica in 15 BCE and the Romans ruled the Nasamones. The Nasamones were ruled over by the Romans and remained autonomous in the Roman Empire. According to Cassius Dio, they rose up a century later in 85 CE when the Romans tried to extort money from them. They began trying to raid the coastal settlements again until they were pushed back to the interior by Gnaeus Suellius Flaccus and his forces when they defeated and killed them.

Later during Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages, the Nasamones became vassals of the Eastern Roman Empire. Procopius writes that the Nasamones remained pagan even after the 6th century when the emperor Justinian built a church for the Byzantines in Awjila.[16]

It is unknown what became of the Nasamones after that period.

Religion

The Nasamones worshiped a handful of deities:

  • Anzar: the god of rain, sky, and spring, who is sacrificed a bride each year while saying “O God Anzar Give us Water”
  • Sinifere: a god of war, who was also tribal god who helped in peace as well as war
  • Amon: a mythical king and king of the gods, who is associated with divine protection
  • Ausean: a goddess or rain and sky often associated with Virginity and cows[19]

See also

References

  1. ^ Strabo, Geography, §17.3.20
  2. ^ Arrian (1814). Arrian's History of Alexander's Expedition. R. Lea. p. 13.
  3. ^ "Saudi Aramco World : Libya's Forgotten Desert Kingdom".
  4. ^ Donkin, Sir Rufane Shaw (1827). A Letter on the Government of the Cape of Good Hope: And on Certain Events which Have Occurred There of Late Years, Under the Administration of Lord Charles Somerset : Addressed Most Respectfully to Earl Bathurst. Carpenter.
  5. ^ Anthon, Charles (1872). A Classical Dictionary. Harper & brothers.
  6. ^ Rollin, Charles (1829). The History of the Arts and Sciences of the Ancients. Blackie, Fullarton. p. 523.
  7. ^ Lenormant, François (1871). The Student's Manual of Oriental History: Medes and Persians, Phœnicians, and Arabians. J. B. Lippincott & Company.
  8. ^ LEMPRIERE (D.D.), John (1833). A Classical Dictionary ... A new edition, revised and considerably enlarged, by the Rev. T. Smith.
  9. ^ Herodotus (1824). The History of Herodotus, literally tr. by a graduate of the university.
  10. ^ Quatrefages, Armand de; Bréau, Armand de Quatrefages de (1895). The Pygmies. Macmillian and Company.
  11. ^ Lempriere, John (1842). Lempriere's Bibliotheca classica; or, Classical dictionary, re-ed. by E.H. Barker. ed. by C. Anthon.
  12. ^ A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology, Nasamon
  13. ^ Militrev, Alexander. "Libyo-Berbers-Tuaregs-Canarians (Tamâhaq Tuaregs in the Canary Islands in the Context of Ethno-Linguistic Prehistory of Libyo-Berbers: Linguistic and Inscriptional Evidence)". Research gate.
  14. ^ Haynes, Denys Eyre Lankester (1965). An archaeological and historical guide to the pre-Islamic antiquities of Tripolitania. Internet Archive. [Tripoli] Antiquities, Museums and Archives of Tripoli, Libya.
  15. ^ Mattingly, David J. (2003-09-02). Tripolitania. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-78283-2.
  16. ^ "The Nasamones of Awjila". livius.org. Livius. Retrieved 20 January 2015.
  17. ^ Syvanne, Ilkka (2015-09-09). Military History of Late Rome 284-361. Pen and Sword. ISBN 978-1-84884-855-9.
  18. ^ Bates, Oric (1914). The eastern Libyans. Princeton Theological Seminary Library. London, Macmillan and co., limited.
  19. ^ Bates, Oric (1914). The eastern Libyans. Princeton Theological Seminary Library. London, Macmillan and co., limited.
  20. ^ Bates, Oric (2013-11-05). The Eastern Libyans (1914). Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-24877-1.
Stub icon

This article about an ethnic group in Africa is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

Read other articles:

Manuel Fernandes (sepak bola)

Nama ini menggunakan cara penamaan Portugis. Nama keluarga pertama atau maternalnya adalah Tavares dan nama keluarga kedua atau paternalnya adalah Fernandes. Manuel Fernandes Fernandes dengan Krasnodar pada tahun 2019Informasi pribadiNama lengkap Manuel Henrique Tavares Fernandes[1]Tanggal lahir 5 Februari 1986 (umur 38)[1]Tempat lahir Lisbon, Portugal[1]Tinggi 174 m (570 ft 10 in)[2]Posisi bermain GelandangKarier junior1997–2004 Benfi...

 

Araespor callosus

Araespor callosus Klasifikasi ilmiah Kerajaan: Animalia Filum: Arthropoda Subfilum: Hexapoda Kelas: Insecta Subkelas: Pterygota Infrakelas: Neoptera Superordo: Endopterygota Ordo: Coleoptera Subordo: Polyphaga Infraordo: Cucujiformia Superfamili: Chrysomeloidea Famili: Cerambycidae Subfamili: Cerambycinae Tribus: Achrysonini Genus: Araespor Spesies: A. callosus Nama binomial Araespor callosusGressitt, 1959 Araespor callosus adalah spesies kumbang tanduk panjang yang tergolong famili Cer...

 

جورجو موريني

جورجو موريني   معلومات شخصية الميلاد 11 أكتوبر 1947 (العمر 76 سنة)كرارا الطول 1.72 م (5 قدم 7 1⁄2 بوصة) مركز اللعب وسط الجنسية إيطاليا  المسيرة الاحترافية1 سنوات فريق م. (هـ.) 1967–1968 إنتر ميلان 0 (0) 1968–1972 فاريسي 84 (7) 1972–1976 روما 105 (5) 1976–1981 إيه سي ميلان 75 (4) 1981–1983 برو بات�...

Order of the Holy Spirit

French order of chivalry This article is about the French dynastic order of chivalry. For the Catholic religious order, see Order of the Holy Ghost. For the Catholic congregation, see Holy Ghost Fathers. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Order of the Holy Spirit – news · newspapers · books · scholar&...

 

Part of Me (Katy Perry song)

2012 song by Katy Perry Part of MeSingle by Katy Perryfrom the album Teenage Dream: The Complete Confection B-sideTommie Sunshine's Megasix Smash-UpWritten2010ReleasedFebruary 13, 2012GenreDance-poppower popelectropopLength3:35LabelCapitolSongwriter(s)Katy PerryLukasz GottwaldMax MartinBonnie McKeeProducer(s)Dr. LukeMax MartinCirkutKaty Perry singles chronology The One That Got Away (2011) Part of Me (2012) Wide Awake (2012) Music videoPart of Me on YouTube Part of Me is a song by American si...

 

Kenji Kodama

Artikel ini membutuhkan rujukan tambahan agar kualitasnya dapat dipastikan. Mohon bantu kami mengembangkan artikel ini dengan cara menambahkan rujukan ke sumber tepercaya. Pernyataan tak bersumber bisa saja dipertentangkan dan dihapus.Cari sumber: Kenji Kodama – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR (Januari 2010) Kenji Kodama pada Japan Expo edisi ke-11 tahun 2010 di Paris di Perancis. Masashi Kodama, dikenal sebagai Kenji Kodama (こだ�...

Terrence J. O'Shaughnessy

United States Air Force general Terrence J. O'ShaughnessyBorn1964 or 1965 (age 59–60)[1]North Bay, Ontario, CanadaAllegianceUnited StatesService/branchUnited States Air ForceYears of service1986–2020RankGeneralCommands heldUnited States Northern CommandNorth American Aerospace Defense CommandPacific Air ForcesSeventh Air Force57th Wing613th Air and Space Operations Center35th Fighter Wing57th Adversary Tactics Group510th Fighter SquadronBattles/warsWar in Afg...

 

Paulus Pieter Bijlaard

Prof. Ir. P. P. BijlaardRektor TH Bandung 1936-1937 Rektor TH Bandung ke-9Masa jabatan31 Juli 1936 – 14 Agustus 1937PendahuluProf. Ir. C. G. J. VreedenburghPenggantiProf. Ir. J. J. I. Sprenger Informasi pribadiLahirPaulus Pieter Bijlaard(1898-12-02)2 Desember 1898Rockanje, South Holland, BelandaMeninggal9 Maret 1967(1967-03-09) (umur 68) Amerika SerikatKebangsaanBelanda, - 1954Alma materIr. - TH DelftProf. - TH Bandung, TH Delft, Cornell UniversitySunting kotak info �...

 

Alfred Riedl

Alfred Riedl Informasi pribadiNama lengkap Alfred RiedlTanggal lahir (1944-11-02)2 November 1944Tempat lahir Wina, AustriaTanggal meninggal 8 September 2020(2020-09-08) (umur 75)[1]Tempat meninggal Wina, AustriaTinggi 1,89 m (6 ft 2+1⁄2 in)Posisi bermain PenyerangKarier junior1961–1967 ATSV TeesdorfKarier senior*Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol)1967–1972 FK Austria Wina 98 (58)1972–1974 Sint-Truiden 56 (33)1974–1976 FC Antwerp 54 (34)1976–1980 Standard Liège...

Pat Boone

American singer (born 1934) Pat BooneBoone in 1960Background informationBirth namePatrick Charles Eugene BooneBorn (1934-06-01) June 1, 1934 (age 89)Jacksonville, Florida, U.S.OriginNashville, Tennessee, U.S.Genres Pop traditional pop country gospel vocal jazz Occupation(s)Singer, actor, composerDiscographyPat Boone discographyYears active1954–presentLabels Republic Dot London Stateside Tetragrammaton Melodyland (Motown) Lamb & Lion Records Hip-O MCA Websitepatboone.comMusical arti...

 

Perusahaan Hindia Timur Britania Raya

Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat Perusahaan Hindia Timur. Perusahaan Hindia Timur Britania East India CompanyBenderaAuspicio Regis et Senatus Angliae (bahasa Latin: By command of the King and Parliament of England)Dengan Perintah oleh Raja dan Parlemen InggrisNasibBangkrutPenerus Kemaharajaan BritaniaDidirikan31 Desember 1600PendiriJohn Watts, George WhiteDitutup1 Juni 1874 (1874-06-1)KantorpusatLondon, Britania Raya Bendera perusahaan memiliki St. George's Cross. Kongsi Dagang atau P...

 

Parti ouvrier hongrois

Ne doit pas être confondu avec Parti des communistes de Hongrie ou Parti communiste hongrois. Parti ouvrier hongrois(hu) Magyar Munkáspárt Logotype officiel. Présentation Président Gyula Thürmer (en) Fondation 17 décembre 1989 Scission de Parti socialiste ouvrier hongrois Siège 1046 Budapest, Munkácsy Mihály u. 51/a Hongrie Journal A Szabadság (en) Organisation de jeunesse Front de gauche - Fédération de la jeunesse communiste Slogan « Prolétaires de tous les pa...

Sant Joan de Caselles

Church in Canillo, Andorra Església de Sant Joan de Caselles Església de Sant Joan de Caselles is a church located in Canillo, Andorra. It is a heritage property registered in the Cultural Heritage of Andorra. It was built in the 11–12th century.[1] Art Inside the building different artistic pieces are preserved, the main one being a large stucco image of Christ in Majesty, as well as a mural with frescoes depicting scenes from Calvary with Saint Longinus and Stephaton, accompanie...

 

周處除三害 (電影)

周處除三害The Pig, The Snake and The Pigeon正式版海報基本资料导演黃精甫监制李烈黃江豐動作指導洪昰顥编剧黃精甫主演阮經天袁富華陳以文王淨李李仁謝瓊煖配乐盧律銘林孝親林思妤保卜摄影王金城剪辑黃精甫林雍益制片商一種態度電影股份有限公司片长134分鐘产地 臺灣语言國語粵語台語上映及发行上映日期 2023年10月6日 (2023-10-06)（台灣） 2023年11月2日 (2023-11-02)（香�...

 

Trans-Alaska Pipeline System

Mappa del percorso dove si snoda il Trans Alaska Pipeline System Il TAPS nel 2005 Il Trans Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) è un oleodotto che attraversa l'Alaska. Indice 1 Storia 2 Attività 3 Altri progetti 4 Collegamenti esterni Storia L'oleodotto, che appartiene alla società privata Alyeska Pipeline Service Company, include la Trans Alaska Pipeline, 11 stazioni di pompaggio, diverse centinaia di chilometri di oleodotti feeder, e il terminal marino di Valdez, che è uno dei sistemi pipeline...

Kreta Utsmaniyah

KretaEyālet-i GirītProvinsi (eyalet/vilayet) di Kesultanan Utsmaniyah1646–1898Kreta sebagai bagian dari Kesultanan Utsmaniyah pada tahun 1895Ibu kotaHeraklion (Candia), ChaniaLuas • 1876[2]7.800 km2 (3.000 sq mi)Populasi • 1870[1] 280000• 1876[2] 220000 SejarahSejarah • Didirikan 1646• Traktat Konstantinopel 1898 Didahului oleh Digantikan oleh krjKerajaan Candia Negara Kreta Sekarang bagian dari ...

 

Stanisław Tarnowski

Polish nobleman For the Polish painter, see Stanisław Tarnowski (Biały). Stanisław TarnowskiStanisław Tarnowski in 1890Coat of armsLeliwaBorn(1837-11-07)7 November 1837Dzików, Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, Austrian EmpireDied31 December 1917(1917-12-31) (aged 80)Kraków, Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, Austria-HungaryNoble familyTarnowskiSpouse(s)Róża Maria BranickaFatherJan Bohdan TarnowskiMotherGabriela Małachowska Count Stanisław Tarnowski (7 November 1837 – 31 De...

 

Depew, New York

Village in New York, United StatesDepewVillageVillage of DepewMotto(s):  The Village of Unexcelled OpportunityLocation in Erie County and the state of New YorkCoordinates: 42°54′42″N 78°42′6″W / 42.91167°N 78.70167°W / 42.91167; -78.70167CountryUnited StatesStateNew YorkCountyErieTownsCheektowaga-LancasterNamed forChauncey DepewGovernment • MayorKevin PetersonArea[1] • Total5.08 sq mi (13.15 km2) •...

Triple Alliance (1882)

Alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy This article is about the pre–World War I alliance. For the pre-Columbian Mexican empire, see Aztec Empire. For other uses, see Triple Alliance. Triple Alliance Dreibund (German) Hármas szövetség (Hungarian) Triplice alleanza (Italian) 1882–1915The Triple Alliance as opposed to the Triple Entente in 1914StatusMilitary allianceHistorical era19th century • 20th century• Dual Alliance(Germany /&...

 

乔冠华

乔冠华 中华人民共和国外交部部长 中国人民对外友好协会顾问 任期1974年11月—1976年12月总理周恩来 → 华国锋前任姬鹏飞继任黄华 个人资料性别男出生(1913-03-28)1913年3月28日 中華民國江蘇省盐城县逝世1983年9月22日(1983歲—09—22)（70歲） 中华人民共和国北京市籍贯江蘇鹽城国籍 中华人民共和国政党 中国共产党配偶明仁（1940年病逝） 龚澎（1970年病逝） 章含�...