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Nakhon Si Thammarat

นครศรีธรรมราช
Nakhon Si Thammarat นครศรีธรรมราช
Province
Other transcription(s)
• Southern Thai	นครศรีธรรมราช (pronounced [nàʔ.kʰɔ̂ːn.síː.tʰām.mǎʔ.rǎt̚]); คอน (pronounced [kʰɔ̂ːn])
• Malay	Ligor (Rumi)
	From left to right, top to bottom : Nakhon Si Thammarat City Wall, Wat Phra Mahathat, Nakhon Si Thammarat PAO Stadium, Nakhon Si Thammarat Airport, Aerial view of Talumphuk Cape and Gulf of Thailand
	Flag Seal
	Nickname(s): Muangkhon (Thai: เมืองคอน) ; Nakhon (Thai:นคร)
	Motto(s): เราชาวนครฯ อยู่เมืองพระ มั่นอยู่ในสัจจะศีลธรรม กอปรกรรมดี มีมานะพากเพียร ไม่เบียดเบียนทำอันตรายผู้ใด ; ("We the Nakhon people's, the city of Buddhism. Strong in moral truth, good karma and perseverance. Never encroach nor harm anyone")
	Map of Thailand highlighting Nakhon Si Thammarat province
	Coordinates: 8°25′7″N 99°57′49″E / 8.41861°N 99.96361°E
Country	Thailand
Capital	Nakhon Si Thammarat
Government
• Governor	Somchai Leelanoi (since 2024)
Area
• Total	9,943 km2 (3,839 sq mi)
• Rank	Ranked 18th
Population (2018)
• Total	1,560,433
• Rank	Ranked 8th
• Density	157/km2 (410/sq mi)
• Rank	Ranked 26th
Human Achievement Index
• HAI (2022)	0.6263 "somewhat low"; Ranked 61st
GDP
• Total	baht 154 billion; (US$5.3 billion) (2019)
Time zone	UTC+7 (ICT)
Postal code	80xxx
Calling code	075
ISO 3166 code	TH-80
Website	www.nakhonsithammarat.go.th

Nakhon Si Thammarat province (Thai: จังหวัดนครศรีธรรมราช, pronounced [ná(ʔ).kʰɔ̄ːn sǐː tʰām.mā.râːt]) is a province (changwat) of Thailand, on the western shore of the Gulf of Thailand. As of 2018^[update], it was the most populous province of Southern Thailand, with a population of approximately 1.5 million.^[2] Neighboring provinces are (from south clockwise) Songkhla, Phatthalung, Trang, Krabi and Surat Thani.^[5]

Names

Nakhon Si Thammarat is the Thai form of Sanskrit Nagara Sri Dharmaraja, meaning 'City of the Sacred Dharma King'. The name is sometimes abbreviated to Nakhon Si (Thai: นครศรีฯ) or simply, Nakhon (Thai: นครฯ). The province is also colloquially called Muangkhon (Thai: เมืองคอน) and its people Khonkhon (Thai: คนคอน).

Geography

The province is on the Gulf of Thailand on the east side of the Malay Peninsula. The terrain is mostly rugged hilly forest. The province is home to south Thailand's highest peak, Khao Luang, at 1,835 metres (6,000 ft).The total forest area is 1,820 km² (700 sq mi) or 18.4 percent of provincial area.^[6]

National parks

There area a total of six national parks, five of which, along with fifteen other national parks, make up region 5 (Nakhon Si Thammarat) and Khao Pu–Khao Ya in region 6 (Songkhla) of Thailand's protected areas.

Khao Pu–Khao Ya National Park, 694 km² (268 sq mi)^[7]^: 42
Khao Luang National Park, 570 km² (220 sq mi)^[7]^: 9
Khao Nan National Park, 410 km² (160 sq mi)^[7]^: 113
Hat Khanom–Mu Ko Thale Tai National Park, 312 km² (120 sq mi)^[8]^: 16
Namtok Yong National Park, 205 km² (79 sq mi)^[7]^: 64
Namtok Si Khit National Park, 145 km² (56 sq mi)^[7]^: 95

History

Nakhon Si Thammarat is one of the oldest cities in Thailand with a rich history. The earliest settlement in the vicinity of the city was Tha Rua, about ten kilometers south of the modern city, where ceramics from the Song dynasty were found dated to the twelfth century. In ancient times, Nakhon Si Thammarat was under the rule of the Srivijaya, the king of Srivijaya had established a foothold on the Malay Peninsula at Ligor" by 775, where he "built various edifices, including a sanctuary dedicated to the Buddha and to the Bodhisattvas Padmapani and Vajrapani.

The Chronicles of Nakhon Si Thammarat, composed in the seventeenth century, attributed the foundation of current city of Nakhon Si Thammarat to King Sri Thammasok in the thirteenth century. An inscription found at Chaiya stated that King Sri Thammasok ruled Tambralinga in 1231. King Sri Thammasok constructed Wat Phra Mahathat and introduced Singhalese Theravada Buddhism. The Nakhon Si Thammarat Kingdom held authorities over "twelve cities" that extended from Chumphon to the north and Pahang to the south. The Ramkamhaeng Stele of Sukhothai first mentioned "Nakhon Si Thammarat" in 1292, which means "The City of King Sri Thammasok" or "The City of the Virtuous king". The Nakhon Si Thammarat kingdom ended and the city perished in the fourteenth century. The ruler of Phetchaburi known as Phra Phanom Thale sent his son Phra Phanom Wang to re-establish the city and rule. Nakhon Si Thammarat then came under the influence of Central Siamese Kingdom of Ayutthaya under the mandala system.

Ayutthaya Period

Nakhon Si Thammarat was further incorporated into Ayutthaya, who appointed governors to the city, through centralization under King Trailokanat in the fifteenth century. Nakhon Si Thammarat served as the main seat of Siamese authority over Southern Thailand and the Malay Peninsula, becoming Muang Ek or first-level city. Yamada Nagamasa, the Japanese adventurer, was appointed as the governor of Nakhon Si Thammarat in 1629.

After the Siamese revolution of 1688, the governor of Nakhon Si Thammarat rebelled against the new King Phetracha. King Phetracha sent troops to put down rebels in Nakhon Si Thammarat in 1692.

Thonburi Period

After the Fall of Ayutthaya in 1767, Phra Palat Nu the vice-governor of Nakhon Si Thammarat established himself as the local warlord and ruler over Southern Thailand. King Taksin of Thonburi marched south to subjugate Phra Palat Nu or Chao Phraya Nakhon Nu in 1769. Chao Phraya Nakhon Nu was taken to Thonburi but King Taksin re-installed Nakhon Nu as a tributary ruler of Nakhon Si Thammarat in 1776.

Rattanakosin Period

After Chaophraya Nakhon (Noi), his son and grandson became respective governors of Nakhon Si Thammarat. During the reforms of King Chulalongkorn, the traditional governorship of Nakhon Si Thammarat was abolished and the city was incorporated into the Monthon Nakhon Si Thammarat in 1896.

When the monthon system was abolished in 1932, Nakhon Si Thammarat then became a province until the present.

Environment

Forested peat swamp forests cover more than 9,900 hectares on the borders of Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phatthalung, and Songkhla provinces. About 800 hectares of the peat swamp were destroyed by 88 fires in the first half of 2019. The Royal Forest Department says that most of the fires in the Khuan Khreng peat swamp forest were man-made. Criminals clear the forest for the illegal expansion of rubber and oil palm plantations. Honey collectors and fishermen were also complicit as they burn grass to catch fish or to collect wild honey. Khuan Khreng peat swamp was hit by drought in what is normally the rainy season making it susceptible to arson. The forest is surrounded by oil palm plantations and surface water in the forest has been drained out to feed the plantations.^[9]

The province is home to Khao Luang National Park and Hat Khanom–Mu Ko Thale Tai National Park.

Religion

Nakhon Si Thammarat people Most believe in Buddhism , approximately 92.08%, followed by Islam, approximately 7.03%, Christianity , approximately 0.89%, in addition to other religions (population data: 1,516,499 people in 2009)

Economy

Tourism has become a first-tier tourist province, as defined by the central government, joining 22 other first-tier provinces. In 2019, it is projected to receive four million tourists—80% of them domestic—largely attracted by religious sites. They contributed more than 11 billion baht to the provincial economy. The Airports Department plans to expand Nakhon Si Thammarat airport runways and terminal by 2022 to deal with an anticipated increase in international flights to support foreign visitor arrivals. The province has 320 hotels with 8,800 rooms, up from 310 hotels and 7,000 rooms in 2018.^[10]

Symbols

The provincial seal shows the Phra Baromathat chedi of Wat Phra Mahathat Voramahavihan, one of the most important historical sites in southern Thailand. According to the city chronicle it was already built in 311, but archaeology dates it to the 13th century. The chedi was built by the ruler of Malay Buddha Kingdom of Tambralinga, named Chandrabhanu Sridhamaraja of The Patama Vamsa (Lotus Dynasty). The chedi is surrounded by the animals of the Chinese zodiac in the seal. The twelve animals represent the twelve Naksat cities or city-states which were tributary to the Nakhon Si Thammarat kingdom: the Rat of Saiburi; the Ox of Pattani; the Tiger of Kelantan; the Rabbit of Pahang (actually a city in Pahang which is said to be submerged by a lake now); the Dragon of Kedah; the Snake of Phatthalung; the Horse of Trang; the Goat of Chumphon; the Monkey of Bantaysamer (might be Chaiya, or a town in Krabi province); the Rooster of Sa-ulau (unidentified city, might be Songkhla, Kanchanadit or Pla Tha); the Dog of Takua Pa and a Pig of Kraburi.^[11]

The provincial flower is the Golden Shower Tree (Cassia fistula), and the provincial tree is Millettia atropurpurea.^[12] The provincial aquatic life is the climbing perch (Anabas testudineus).

The provincial slogan is เมืองประวัติศาสตร์ พระธาตุทองคำ ชื่นฉ่ำธรรมชาติ แร่ธาตุอุดม เครื่องถมสามกษัตริย์ มากวัดมากศิลป์ ครบสิ้นกุ้งปู, which translates to "A historical town, the golden Phra That, plentiful minerals, three-metal nielloware, numerous temples, abundant shellfish."^[12]

Administrative divisions

Provincial government

Nakhon Si Thammarat is divided into 23 districts (amphoes). The districts are further divided into 165 subdistricts (tambons) and 1428 villages (mubans).

Local government

As of 26 November 2019, there are:^[13] one Nakhon Si Thammarat Provincial Administration Organisation (ongkan borihan suan changwat) and 54 municipal (thesaban) areas in the province. Nakhon Si Thammarat has (thesaban nakhon) status. Pak Phun, Thung Son and Pak Panang have town (thesaban mueang) status. Further 50 subdistrict municipalities (thesaban tambon). The non-municipal areas are administered by 130 Subdistrict Administrative Organisations - SAO (ongkan borihan suan tambon).^[2]

Transport

Nakhon Si Thammarat is served by Nakhon Si Thammarat Airport and the Nakhon Si Thammarat Railway Station.

Health

Maharaj Nakhon Si Thammarat Hospital is the main hospital of the province, operated by the Ministry of Public Health.

Education

Universities

Public universities

Walailak University^[14]
Nakhon Si Thammarat Rajabhat University
Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya
- College of Industrial Technology and Management
- Nakhon Si Thammarat Saiyai Campus
- Nakhon Si Thammarat Thungyai Campus
Thaksin University
- Management for Development College, Nakhon Si Thammarat Education Center
Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University, Nakhon Si Thammarat Campus
Mahamakut Buddhist University, Sithammasokkarat Campus
Ramkhamhaeng University, Nakhon Si Thammarat Regional Campus in Honour of His Majesty the King
Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University, Nakhon Si Thammarat Regional Distance Education Center
Boromarajonani College of Nursing Nakhon Si Thammarat

Vocational colleges

Public vocational colleges

Nakhon Si Thammarat Technical College
Thung Song Technical College
Sichon Technical College
Nakhon Si Thammarat Seaboard Industrial College
Nakhon Si Thammarat Polytechnic College
Nakhon Si Thammarat Vocational College
Nakhon Si Thammarat Arts and Crafts College
Nakhon Si Thammarat College of Agriculture and Technology
Nakhon Si Thammarat Industrial and Community Education College
Hua Sai Industrial and Community Education College
Phrom Khiri Industrial and Community Education College
Nakhon Si Thammarat Colleges of Dramatic Arts
Nakhon Si Thammarat College of Fine Arts

Private vocational colleges

Innovation Technological College
Jaruspichakorn College of Technology
Satapat Nakhon Technological College
Thurakit Bundit Technological College
Nakhon Commercial Vocational College
Prateesasana Business Administration College
Thaksin Vocational Technological College
Pakphanang Vocational College
Southern Technological College
Thungsong Commercial College
Charoenmit Commercial Technological College
Sichon Commercial Technological College
Virasinpin Vocational College
Sakdisilpin Commercial School

Human achievement index 2022

Health	Education	Employment	Income

49	23	73	41
Housing	Family	Transport	Participation

52	50	24	51
Province Nakhon Si Thammarat, with an HAI 2022 value of 0.6263 is "somewhat low", occupies place 61 in the ranking.

Rank	Classification
1 - 13	"high"
14 - 29	"somewhat high"
30 - 45	"average"
46 - 61	"somewhat low"
62 - 77	"low"

Map with provinces and HAI 2022 rankings

Sports

Football

Men's football club
Team	Leagues	Level	Years	Region	Position
Nakhon Si Thammarat F.C.	Regional League Division 2	Level 3	2009	Southern	3rd
			2010	Southern	11th
			2011	Southern	13th
			2012	Southern	7th
Nakhon Si Heritage F.C.	Regional League Division 2	Level 3	2013	Southern	9th
			2014	Southern	12th
			2015	Southern	9th
			2016	Southern	12th
	Thai Football Amateur Tournament	Level 5	2018	Upper Southern
Muang Khon United F.C.	Thai Football Division 3	Level 4	2016	Southern	4th
	Thai Football Amateur Tournament	Level 5	2017	Upper Southern	2nd
	Thai Football Amateur Tournament	Level 5	2018	Upper Southern
Nakhon Si Thammarat Unity F.C.	Thai League 3	Level 3	2017	Lower	8th
Nakhon Si United F.C.	Thai League 3	Level 3	2018	Lower
Women's football club
Team	Leagues	Level	Years	Region	Position
Thung Song City F.C.	Thai Women's Division 1 League	Level 2	2011	Thailand	5th
Nakhon Si Thammarat Women F.C.	Thai Women's Division 1 League	Level 2	2013	Thailand	2nd
Nakhon Si Lady SS F.C.	Thai Women's League	Level 1	2017	Thailand	6th
Youth football club
Team	Leagues	Level	Years	Region	Position
Nakhon Si Heritage F.C. U13	Thailand Youth League	Level 1	2016–17	Southern	4th
Nakhon Si Heritage F.C. U13	Thailand Youth League	Level 1	2017–18	Southern	3rd
Nakhon Si Thammarat F.C. U13	Thailand Youth League	Level 1	2017–18	Southern	8th
Nakhon Si Heritage F.C. U17	Thailand Youth League	Level 1	2016–17	Southern	2nd
Nakhon Si Thammarat Unity F.C. U19	Thailand Youth League	Level 1	2017–18	Southern	4th

Volleyball clubs

Men's Volleyball Club
Team	Leagues	Level	Years	Region	Position
Supreme Nakhon Si Thammarat	Men's Volleyball Thailand League	Level 1	2010–11	Thailand	8th
Women's Volleyball Club
Team	Leagues	Level	Years	Region	Position
Supreme Nakhon Si Thammarat	Women's Volleyball Thailand League	Level 1	2010–11	Thailand	5th
			2011–12	Thailand	2nd
			2012–13	Thailand	5th

References

^ Advancing Human Development through the ASEAN Community, Thailand Human Development Report 2014, table 0:Basic Data (PDF) (Report). United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Thailand. pp. 134–135. ISBN 978-974-680-368-7. Retrieved 17 January 2016, Data has been supplied by Land Development Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, at Wayback Machine.{{cite report}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)^{[dead link‍]}
^ ^a ^b ^c "รายงานสถิติจำนวนประชากรและบ้านประจำปี พ.ศ.2561" [Statistics, population and house statistics for the year 2018]. Registration Office Department of the Interior, Ministry of the Interior (in Thai). 31 December 2018. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
^ "ข้อมูลสถิติดัชนีความก้าวหน้าของคน ปี 2565 (PDF)" [Human Achievement Index Databook year 2022 (PDF)]. Office of the National Economic and Social Development Council (NESDC) (in Thai). Retrieved 12 March 2024, page 35{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
^ "Gross Regional and Provincial Product, 2019 Edition". <>. Office of the National Economic and Social Development Council (NESDC). July 2019. ISSN 1686-0799. Retrieved 22 January 2020.
^ "About Nakhon Si Thammarat". Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT). Retrieved 2 August 2019.
^ "ตารางที่ 2 พี้นที่ป่าไม้ แยกรายจังหวัด พ.ศ.2562" [Table 2 Forest area Separate province year 2019]. Royal Forest Department (in Thai). 2019. Retrieved 6 April 2021, information, Forest statistics Year 2019{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "ข้อมูลพื้นที่อุทยานแห่งชาติ ที่ประกาศในราชกิจจานุบกษา 133 แห่ง" [National Park Area Information published in the 133 Government Gazettes]. Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation (in Thai). December 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2022.
^ "ข้อมูลพื้นที่อุทยานแห่งชาติ (เตรียมการ) 22 แห่ง" [Information of 22 National Parks Areas (Preparation)]. Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation (in Thai). December 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2022.
^ "More firefighters sent to Khuan Khreng swamp fire in Nakhon Si Thammarat". Thai PBS World. 1 August 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
^ Worrachaddejchai, Dusida (23 September 2019). "New province joins 1st-tier tourism ranks". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 23 September 2019.
^ "Nakhon Sri Thammarat: Provincial Escutcheon". Thailex. Retrieved 26 May 2015.^{[failed verification]}
^ ^a ^b "จังหวัดนครศรีธรรมราช". Nakhon Si Thammarat Provincial Administration (in Thai). Archived from the original on 2004-08-24. Retrieved 2015-07-31.
^ "Number of local government organizations by province". dla.go.th. Department of Local Administration (DLA). 26 November 2019. Retrieved 10 December 2019. 21 Nakhon Si Thammarat: 1 PAO, 1 City mun., 3 Town mun., 50 Subdistrict mun., 130 SAO.
^ "Walailak University International College". Walailak University International College. Retrieved 21 June 2019.