The National Museum of Anthropology (Spanish: Museo Nacional de Antropología) is an anthropology museum in Madrid, Spain. It is considered the oldest of its kind in Spain, formally inaugurated on 29 April 1875, during the reign of Alfonso XII. It is one of the National Museums of Spain and it is attached to the Ministry of Culture.
Each of its three floors is dedicated to a different subject:
A collection of skulls from the beginnings of the museum.
Ground floor. The Asia hall, devoting a special attention to the culture of the Philippines, a Spanish colony until 1898, with many items taken from an 1885 exposition in nearby Retiro Park. It also dedicates side rooms to temporary exhibitions and a cabinet of curiosities giving an impression of the early exhibitions including a plaster cast and the skeleton of the "Extremaduran Giant" (Agustín Luengo Capilla), and statues and plaster casts of several racial types.
First floor. The Africa hall, with a prominent representation of the culture of Equatorial Guinea, a Spanish colony until 1959.
A Peruvian example of pintura de castas ("caste pictures"), showing a Mestizo as the offspring of Mestizo parents.
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