Mu Guiying

Mu Guiying
Mu Guiying
Chinese	穆桂英
Hanyu Pinyin
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Mù Guìyīng
Wade–Giles	Mu4 Kuei4-ying1
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanization	Muk6 Gwai3-ying1
Jyutping	Muk6 Gwai3-jing1

Mu Guiying
Mu Guiying
Generals of the Yang Family character
	from one 1882 print of the early 17th century novel Popular Romance of Generations of Loyal and Brave Yang Family Members (楊家府世代忠勇通俗演義)
In-universe information
Gender	Female
Spouse	Yang Zongbao
Children	Yang Wenguang, son; Yang Jinhua (楊金花), daughter
Father	Mu Yu (穆羽)

Mu Guiying (穆桂英) is a legendary heroine from ancient China's Northern Song Dynasty and a prominent figure in the Generals of the Yang Family legends. She is the wife of Yang Zongbao and mother of Yang Wenguang. Brave, resolute and loyal, Mu is the cultural symbol of a steadfast woman.^[1]

Legends

Mu Guiying practiced martial arts from a young age after her bandit father Mu Yu (穆羽) who ruled the Muke Fortress (穆柯寨). One day Yang Zongbao, the youngest warrior of the illustrious Yang clan, came to the fortress demanding the Dragon-Taming Wood (降龍木) on the order of his father, Marshall Yang Yanzhao. Mu refused so they fought in a duel which resulted in Yang Zongbao being captured. While Yang Zongbao refused to surrender and demanded death, Mu found herself attracted to her prisoner and boldly made a marriage proposal, which Yang Zongbao eventually accepted. After Yang Zongbao returned and reported the events, an infuriated Yang Yanzhao ordered the disgraced son executed. To save Yang Zongbao, Mu came out of the fortress and engaged in a battle with Yang Yanzhao, also capturing him. Mu apologized to her future father-in-law and finally Yang Yanzhao agreed to the marriage and welcomed Mu to his family and troops.

Mu played a huge part in the following battle against the Khitan forces, especially in breaking their previously unstoppable Heavenly Gate Formation (天門陣).

Mu Guiying had 2 children with Yang Zongbao, son Yang Wenguang and daughter Yang Jinhua.

Legacy

Mu Guiying is sometimes venerated as a door goddess, usually in partnership with Qin Liangyu.

The Mu Guiying crater on Venus is named after her.

During China's Great Leap Forward period (1958–1960), Mu Guiying was widely praised and a women-led Mu Guiying Brigade was established.^[2]

In the graphic novel Boxers by Gene Luen Yang, the character Mei-wen transforms into Mu Guiying.^[3]

Portrayal in films and TV series

Ivy Ling Po in The 14 Amazons (1972)
Liza Wang in Young's Female Warrior (1981)
Bonnie Ngai in A Courageous Clan: Mu Kuei-ying (1989)
Zhang Yujia in Generals of the Yang Family (1991)
Mak Ging-ting in Heroic Legend of the Yang's Family & The Great General (1994)
Amy Chan in The Heroine of the Yangs (1998)
Ning Jing in Legendary Fighter: Yang's Heroine (2001)
Fang Xiaoli in The Fire Commander (2001)
Wang Si-yi in The Heroine Mu Guiying (2004)
Cecilia Cheung in Legendary Amazons (2011)
Miao Pu in Mu Guiying Takes Command (2011)
Siqin Gaowa in Bai Yutang (2013)

References

^ Mu Guiying - Breaking the Heavenly Gate Formation Archived 2012-11-11 at the Wayback Machine
^ Manning, Kimberley Ens (2010). "Embodied Activisms: The Case of the Mu Guiying Brigade". The China Quarterly. 204: 850–869. doi:10.1017/S0305741010000998.
^ Smith, Carissa Turner (2018-08-28). "Postsecular Cosplay, Fundamentalism and Martyrdom in Gene Luen Yang's Boxers & Saints". In Stratman, Jacob (ed.). Teens and the New Religious Landscape: Essays on Contemporary Young Adult Fiction. McFarland & Company. pp. 202-. ISBN 9781476630991. CITED: p. 209

Additional sources

Bennet Peterson, Barbara (2000). Notable Women of China: Shang Dynasty to the Early Twentieth Century. M.E. Sharpe, Inc.
(in Chinese) Yang Jia Jiang (Generals of the Yang Clan)