Monica Olvera de la Cruz is a Mexican born, American and French soft-matter theorist who is the Lawyer Taylor Professor of Materials Science and Engineering and Professor of Chemistry, and by courtesy Professor of Physics and Astronomy and of Chemical and Biological Engineering, at Northwestern University.
She directed the Northwestern Materials Research Center[3] from 2006–2013. She is currently the Director of the Center for Computation and Theory of Soft Materials (CCTSM) at Northwestern University.[4]
Research
Olvera de la Cruz has developed novel methods to analyze complex systems, and in particular molecular electrolytes. She explained the limitations associated with separating long DNA chains via gel electrophoresis dynamics,[5][6] which was of great importance to the Human Genome Project.
Olvera de la Cruz discovered that counterions induce the precipitation of strongly charged polyelectrolytes by including electrostatic correlations in the analysis.[7][8][9][10] Her work provided a completely revised model of electrostatic effects in complex electrolytes[11] and in dielectrically heterogeneous media.[12][13]
She has described the emergence of shape and patterns in membranes and in multicomponent complex mixtures. She and her students and postdocs discovered that electrostatics leads to spontaneous symmetry breaking in ionic membranes such as viral capsids[14] (for which they were awarded the 2007 Cozzarelli Prize[15]) and in fibers.[16][17]
They also demonstrated the spontaneous emergence of various regular and irregular polyhedral geometries in closed membranes with non-homogeneous elastic properties such as bacterial microcompartments, including carboxysomes,[18] via a mechanism that explains observed shapes in crystalline shells formed by more than one component such as archaea and organelle wall envelopes as well as in ionic vesicles.[19]
By simulating crystals of DNA functionalized nanoparticles with complementary linkers containing both small and large nanoparticles, the Olvera de la Cruz group discovered colloidal crystal “metallicity",[20][21] whereby small colloids become delocalized within a larger crystal structure. They noted that the transition from the localized to delocalized state is analogous to an insulator-metal transition. Recently, she and her students showed that the localization-delocalization transition is phonon-driven.[22] Additionally, when a localization-delocalization transition is accompanied with a crystal phase transition, it strongly resembles a Peierls transition.[23] This transition is also found in oppositely charged colloidal crystals,[24] resembling sublattice melting in atomic superionics.
Olvera de la Cruz and Qiao found that the binding of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) to the human cell receptor hACE2 can be strongly decreased by mutating or blocking the polybasic cleavage site (known as the furin cleavage site),[25] providing a mechanism to decrease COVID 19 infection, as subsequently demonstrated experimentally.[26][27]
^de la Cruz, M. Olvera; Belloni, L.; Delsanti, M.; Dalbiez, J. P.; Spalla, O.; Drifford, M. (October 1995). "Precipitation of highly charged polyelectrolyte solutions in the presence of multivalent salts". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 103 (13): 5781–5791. Bibcode:1995JChPh.103.5781D. doi:10.1063/1.470459.
