Mole Man
Mole Man. Art by Frank Cho.
Publication information
Publisher	Marvel Comics
First appearance	The Fantastic Four #1 (November 1961)[1]
Created by	Stan Lee Jack Kirby
In-story information
Alter ego	Harvey Rupert Elder
Species	Human
Team affiliations	Subterranea Outcasts Lethal Legion
Partnerships	Kala
Notable aliases	Dr. Arthur Molekevic
Abilities	Genius-level intellect Radar sense Staff proficiency

The Mole Man (Harvey Rupert Elder) is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. He is depicted as a recurring foe of the Fantastic Four and was the first villain they ever faced. His schemes usually consist of trying to rule the surface of the Earth with the aid of his "Moloids", mole-human hybrids over whom he rules.

The character has had numerous appearances in other media, usually on television and video games. The character will appear in the Marvel Cinematic Universe film The Fantastic Four: First Steps (2025).

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Created by artist Jack Kirby and writer Stan Lee, the character first appeared in The Fantastic Four #1 (Nov. 1961).^[2] The character's name was at the time spelled "Moleman" in one word.^[3] The spelling "Mole Man" came in The Fantastic Four #22 (Jan. 1964).^[4]

The Mole Man was originally Harvey Rupert Elder, an American nuclear engineer and explorer. Elder was socially shunned due to a combination of his abrasive personality and his homely dwarfish appearance. Furthermore, his fellow explorers ridiculed him for his eccentric, crackpot theories regarding a Hollow Earth. In 1956, while following the group of explorers called the Monster Hunters, he stumbled upon Monster Isle, which was at the time a base of the Deviant Warlord Kro.^{[volume & issue needed]}

When Elder fell into a massive cave leading deep into the underground realm of Subterranea, he decided his theories had finally been vindicated. However, his eyes were permanently damaged when he gazed directly upon a highly reflective deposit of diamonds. Partially blind and apparently secluded from the surface world forever, Elder dubbed himself the Mole Man and began exploring his new home. He eventually became the ruler of the branch of Subterraneans now known as the Moloids, and the ruler of much of Subterranea and the caverns of Monster Isle. He used the Deviant-derived creatures and technology that he found in Subterranea to strike back at the outer world in numerous attempts to rule or humble the world that had rejected him.^{[volume & issue needed]}

The Mole Man conducted attacks on the surface world by destroying nuclear power plants in the Eastern Bloc, Australia, South America, and French Equatorial Africa, attracting the attention of the newly formed Fantastic Four in their first adventure. After the group arrived on Monster Isle, he captured Mister Fantastic and the Human Torch and told them his plans to invade every major urban area on the planet via a network of tunnels. When he released a horde of monsters the Human Torch sealed his realm's entrance. The Mole Man appeared to have destroyed Monster Isle in an atomic blast.^[5] The Mole Man's Deviant-bred monstrous mutates, collectively known as the "Mole Man's Monsters", include Tricephalous,^{[volume & issue needed]} Megataur,^{[volume & issue needed]} and a flying bird-insect creature known only as "Skreeal".^{[volume & issue needed]} The Mole Man also has a group of superhuman allies called the Outcasts.^{[volume & issue needed]}

The Mole Man later stole buildings from New York City, but was thwarted by the Fantastic Four and appeared to be killed in an explosion.^[6] With the Red Ghost, he next battled the Avengers and tried to use a machine that caused earthquakes to take over the world by threatening to destroy all life on Earth, capturing Giant-Man who had been warned by ants of the earthquakes as they sensed them first. Later the Wasp released Giant-Man and he shrunk down to ant-size and sabotaged the machine. Iron Man then sealed the tunnel entrances. The Red Ghost then broke up the partnership.^[7] Mole Man was among the criminals later assembled by Doctor Doom's mind-control device to attack Reed and Sue's wedding.^[8] Mole Man then fought a war against rival Subterranean ruler Tyrannus, capturing the Fountain of Youth which allowed Tyrannus to stay young. Tyrannus teleported the Hulk underground to help him regain the Fountain. Finally, he was able to restore himself.^[9] Mole Man used the original X-Men as pawns in his war against Tyrannus.^[10] The Mole Man later trapped the Fantastic Four in a house of his own creation that temporarily blinded them.^[11] Mole Man continued to fight his war with Tyrannus.^[12]

He later teamed with Kala, the queen of the Subterranean Netherworlders, and fell in love with her. He plotted to destroy the surface world, but was betrayed by Kala and Tyrannus.^[13] Some time later, Mole Man and Kala were betrothed to be married. Namor, the Atlantean prince, helped out the Moloids when a conquering force was slaughtering many, while using the rest of them for slave labor.^{[volume & issue needed]}

Much later, Mole Man befriended the Thing and then plotted to raise a new continent at the cost of sinking California, but was again thwarted by the Fantastic Four.^[14] He was captured by Lava Men later.^[15] Mole Man then attempted to bring peace to Subterranea, but was attacked by Fantastic Four clones.^[16] He contended with Skrulls and tried unsuccessfully to capture a Skrull technotroid egg.^[17]

Mole Man later allied with Grotesk and Tyrannus against Deviants led by Brutus. He aided the Hulk in fighting Brutus's Deviants. Together with his allies, he triumphed over Brutus, and welcomed back Kala as his consort.^[18]

Mole Man became involved with the West Coast Avengers when one of his monsters attacked Los Angeles. His Moloids were caught in the middle of a Skrull revenge scheme on the Fantastic Four. A replacement Fantastic Four, consisting of Spider-Man, Ghost Rider, the Hulk and Wolverine were tricked into entering the Mole Man's territory and battling his forces.^{[volume & issue needed]}

He later battled the West Coast Avengers along with the U-Foes during the Acts of Vengeance, but their attempts met with failure.^{[volume & issue needed]}

Later, he surrendered his desire for conquest and revenge and began assembling a sanctuary for others who had been rejected by the surface world. His two attempts to do so led to the deaths of most of the visitors to his sanctuaries. Briefly, the Mole Man allowed Adam Warlock's superhero team, the Infinity Watch, to use Monster Isle (more specifically, a castle located on its grounds) as a base, on the reasoning that they could help protect him from any meddlers, which they did on several occasions. They proved helpful when the United Nations invaded the island. The Watch, primarily Gamora, drove away the invading force with an absolute minimum of harm. The Avengers assisted with the United Nations, then recognized the Mole Man's rulership over the island.^{[volume & issue needed]}

Mole Man tended to keep out of the way when the cosmic plans went on. The Watch occupied the Monster Isle castle until their dissolution as a team. Following their departure, the Mole Man apparently returned to his solitary, vengeful existence. Aside from occasional fits of hostility, he seems for the most part content to rule his subterranean kingdom, and for the past few years his surface activities have mostly been limited to reacting to threats (real or imagined) to his people.^{[volume & issue needed]}

In one incident, he was causing property damage purely to help the Moloids, whose water and food had become polluted.^[19] He appeared in The Mighty Avengers having led an attack on New York, claiming retaliation for his underground home, which he says is destroyed. He was humiliated by a female-formed Ultron, who destroyed his remaining monsters, and he was arrested.^[20]

Mole Man was also behind a series of Chupacabra attacks in Puerto Rico. His motive was to protect the blood-drinking race from extinction. He was defeated by the Fantastic Four.^[21]

In the "Live Fast" story arc of Runaways, the Runaways are fighting a huge tall sky-scraper sized monster. When Victor suggests Nico shrink it, Nico mentions she already used that spell on Mole Man.^{[volume & issue needed]}

Mole Man witnessed the return of the Hulk, which pleased him. However, when the Hulk was defeated and his stone ship destroyed, various creatures from planet Sakaar were released into the underground. Mole Man trained the alien beasts and led them to attack New York once more. However, the creatures were really waiting for the arrival of Hulk's son Skaar. During this time, Tyrannus rose to challenge Mole Man's claim and used magic to pervert the aliens so that they could destroy the surface. Skaar went into a berserker rage and thus both Tyrannus and Mole Man fled.^[22]

Mandarin's White Light Ring approached Mole Man to help it and the other rings have revenge on Tony Stark where he became Mandarin-Six. Mole Man and the other Mandarins later travelled to Svartalfheim to confront Malekith the Accursed, who had hunted down other three Mandarins and had taken their rings from them.^[23] The Mandarins thwarted any attempt of Malekith to hide or flee, as the rings could locate each other. Malekith made a pact with Iron Man (who was also at the time in Svartalfheim to retrieve the rings) disposed of his ring and escaped to safely, as he could no longer be tracked. Following their failure to kill Malekith, the Mandarins resumed their own paths.^[24] The Mandarins joined forces once more to help Mole Man's plan to create ring-powered weapons with which destroy cities from their base in Sinister London. A test was thwarted by the Fantastic Four. Before they could release one of the actual machines, Iron Man pinned them down along with the Trojan Guard and Abigail Burns. The Mandarins failed to escape as Iron Man's ally Dark Angel used magic to prevent them from teleporting.^[25] After the other Mandarin's are defeated, Mole Man's ring declared him the Prime-Mandarin. Instead, Mole Man abandoned his ring and retreated.^[26]

Mole Man was later contacted by unknown individuals to bring them Athol Kussar, the half-brother of mine owner Faust Swart who laundered money to fund HYDRA's African base after he knew about his half-brother's actions and had been previously imprisoned in a mine by Swart while evading the S.H.I.E.L.D. agents. When Mole Man broke into Kussar's cell, Kussar did not want to leave due to a bomb inside his body that would detonate if he left his cell. Mole Man was attacked and knocked down by Invisible Woman who disposed of the bomb and placed Kussar in S.H.I.E.L.D. custody.^[27]

As part of the "All-New, All-Different Marvel", Mole Man and his fellow Subterraneans ended up in a civil war with the Subterraneans that are on the side of his son Mole Monster.^[28]

When Squirrel Girl's friends Nancy, Tippy Toe and Koi Boi, help set her up an online dating profile, it leads to many unsuccessful dates, one of which ends with an encounter with Mole Man, who is angered by how Doreen's earlier suggestions to Kraven has affected his home. Doreen apologizes to him and the two have a conversation about his situation, leading Mole Man to proposing to Doreen on the spot and a number of follow-up schemes to get Doreen to go on a date with him. He threatens to bury a number of worldwide landmarks if she does not date him, and after Nancy is nearly kidnapped by him and being swarmed by the media, she goes to confront Mole Man only to find that Tricephalous is in love with him. She lets Tricephalous defeat her to woo Mole Man and they leave for good.^[29]

Mole Man later appears attacking New York with a group of monsters, but he is defeated by Amadeus Cho's Hulk form, Moon Girl, and Devil Dinosaur.^[30]

During the Secret Empire storyline, it is revealed that Mole Man struck a deal with Captain America to use the tunnels of his subterranean kingdom for his smuggling operation in exchange for specific items from the surface world such as DVDs. When Captain America arrives with the Underground Resistance, Mole Man's kingdom is attacked by Dreadnoughts sent by Hydra. Though the heroes manage to defeat the Dreadnoughts, Mole Man puts an end to his truce with Captain America and lets the heroes leave.^[31]

The Mole Man has no true superhuman abilities. He is an extraordinary genius, with knowledge of technology centuries beyond conventional science. He was able to master alien principles of technology totally foreign to his culture and environment. Due to his poor eyesight, his senses have naturally compensated to the degree that they are, like those of Daredevil, heightened to nearly superhuman levels.

The Mole Man is extremely near-sighted due to damage to his vision from years ago, and his eyes are extremely sensitive to bright light. He is virtually blinded by normal illumination. To counter this, he wears protective glasses (an early version of a nuclear weapons test Range Officer's flash-goggles) that both reduce bright light to levels his weak eyes can tolerate and increase dim light to levels by which he can see. His sense of hearing, smell, and touch are far more sensitive than that of a normal human; these senses are heightened, but not superhuman. He possesses a "radar sense" that supplements his own weak natural vision.

The Mole Man fights with a staff and has developed a fighting style that resembles bōjutsu; despite his small size and relative weakness he is a highly proficient hand-to-hand combatant when armed with his staff. He also commands an army of monsters and a branch of the Subterraneans known as Moloids that are absolutely loyal to him.

Mole Man has a series of similar-looking staves (6 feet long, made of wood or aluminum), designed by the Mad Thinker, which contain built-in weapons and additional features. Among such weaponry are an electrical blaster, a flame-thrower, a vibro-charge blaster, and a laser cannon. All the staffs appear to have a low-energy radar. All staves are booby-trapped with a galvanic response meter that is tuned solely to the Mole Man's skin conductivity; this prevents anyone else from activating his staves.

Mole Man's life has made him an expert on subterranean geography, spelunking, understanding Deviant weapons systems, and monster training. He has mastered the principles underlying Deviant technology that he discovered in Subterranea and has made radical improvements upon much of it.

An alternate universe variant of the Mole Man, simply called Harvey, appears in Exiles #10. This version comes from an Earth that was dominated by the Skrulls.^[32]

An alternate universe variant of the Mole Man from a pocket dimension created by Franklin Richards appears in Heroes Reborn.^[33][34]

An alternate universe variant of the Mole Man from Earth-1298 appears in Mutant X #9.^[35]

A modernized, alternate universe variant of the Mole Man appears in Fantastic Four: Season One. This version was talked down amidst his first attack on New York and subsequently hired by Reed Richards and Sue Storm to become part of the former's business empire.^[36]

An alternate universe variant of the Mole Man named Melvin Kurtzman from Earth-77013 appears in The Amazing Spider-Man (1977).^[37]

An alternate universe variant of the Mole Man from Earth-58163 called the Mole King appears in Fantastic Four: House of M #1.^[38]

A zombified alternate universe variant of the Mole Man from Earth-2149 appears in Marvel Zombies.^{[citation needed]}

An alternate universe variant of the Mole Man from Earth-1610 appears in Ultimate Fantastic Four. This version is Arthur Molekevic, a former Baxter Building scientist who genetically-engineered the Moloids.^{[39][40][41][42]}

An alternate universe variant of the Mole Man from Earth-6160 appears in Ultimate Spider-Man (vol. 3). This version is a lieutenant and old friend of Wilson Fisk who controls New York City's underground on the latter's behalf. Additionally, the Mole Man never uses doors, instead using a modified fireplace to visit Fisk. In response to Spider-Man and the Green Goblin interfering with Fisk's work, the Mole Man joins his Sinister Six to devise a plan to eliminate them.^[43]

• Mole Man appears in The Marvel Super Heroes, voiced by Paul Kligman.^[44]
• Mole Man appears in Fantastic Four (1967), voiced by Jack DeLeon.^[44]
• Mole Man appears in a self-titled episode of Fantastic Four (1978), voiced by Ted Cassidy.^[44][45]
• Mole Man appears in a self-titled episode of Fantastic Four (1994), voiced by Gregg Berger.^[44]
• Mole Man appears in Fantastic Four: World's Greatest Heroes, voiced by Paul Dobson.^[44]
• Mole Man appears in The Super Hero Squad Show, voiced by Ted Biaselli.^[44][46] This version is a member of Doctor Doom's Lethal Legion who has intestinal gas problems while above ground.
• Mole Man appears in the Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H. episode "Of Moles and Men",^[47] voiced by David H. Lawrence XVII.^[44] This version moved to Subterranea after being ridiculed for his Hollow Earth theories.

• Ian Trigger was originally meant to play Mole Man in the unreleased film The Fantastic Four, but his character's name was changed to The Jeweler due to co-executive producer Bernd Eichinger not having the rights to the character.^[48] In the documentary Doomed!: The Untold Story of Roger Corman's The Fantastic Four, director Oley Sassone confirms the production team used Mole Man in the film's original drafts.
• Dr. Harvey Allen appears in Fantastic Four (2015), portrayed by Tim Blake Nelson.^[49][50] This version is a scientist and supervisor of the Baxter Foundation who oversaw Franklin Storm's experiments into interdimensional travel and is later killed by Victor von Doom following his return from Planet Zero. Prior to re-shoots, the character was supposed to be Harvey Elder, who would go on to become Mole Man.^[51]
• Mole Man will appear in the Marvel Cinematic Universe film The Fantastic Four: First Steps.^[52]

• Mole Man appears in Fantastic Four (2005), voiced by Barry Dennen.^[44]
• Mole Man appears in Marvel Super Hero Squad, voiced again by Ted Biaselli.^[44]
• Mole Man appears in Marvel Super Hero Squad Online, voiced again by Ted Biaselli.^[44]
• Mole Man appears as a boss in Marvel Heroes, voiced by Roger Rose.^[44]
• Mole Man appears in Pinball FX 2 as part of the Fantastic Four table.^[53]

Mole Man appears in the syndicated comic strip, Scary Gary.^[54]

• Mole Man at Marvel.com