Mohsen Rezaee

Not to be confused with Mohsen Rezaee (taekwondo).

Sardar

Mohsen Rezaee Mirghaed
Rezaee in 2020
Nickname(s)Haj Mohsen[1]
AllegianceIran
Service / branchIslamic Revolutionary Guard Corps
Years of service1980–1997; 2015–present[2]
RankMajor general
Battles / warsIran–Iraq War
AwardsOrder of Fath (1st class) (3 times)
Websiterezaee.ir
Vice President of Iran for Economic Affairs
In office
25 August 2021 – 11 June 2023
PresidentEbrahim Raisi
Preceded byMohammad Nahavandian
Member of Expediency Discernment Council
Incumbent
Assumed office
9 September 1997
Appointed byAli Khamenei
ChairmanAkbar Hashemi Rafsanjani
Ali Movahedi-Kermani (Acting)
Mahmoud Hashemi Shahroudi
Sadeq Larijani
Secretary of the Expediency Discernment Council
In office
9 September 1997 – 19 September 2021
Appointed byAkbar Hashemi Rafsanjani
ChairmanAkbar Hashemi Rafsanjani
Ali Movahedi-Kermani (Acting)
Mahmoud Hashemi Shahroudi
Sadeq Larijani
Preceded byHassan Habibi
Succeeded byMohammad Bagher Zolghadr
Personal details
Born
Sabzevar Rezaei Mirgha'ed

(1954-09-01) 1 September 1954 (age 70)[citation needed]
Masjed Soleyman, Khuzestan Province, Imperial State of Iran
Political partyResistance Front of Islamic Iran (Spiritual leader)
Other political
affiliations		Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution Organization (1979–1980)
Spouse
Masoumeh Khadang
​
(m. 1974)​
Children5, including Ahmad
Alma mater
Signature

Mohsen Rezaee Mirgha'ed (Persian: محسن رضایی, born Sabzevar Rezaee Mirgha'ed (Persian: سبزوار رضایی میرقائد; born 1 September[citation needed] 1954) is an Iranian conservative politician affiliated with the Resistance Front of Islamic Iran[2] and senior military officer in the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, who is currently a member of the Expediency Discernment Council, secretary of the Supreme Council for Economic Coordination [fa], as well as the secretary of the Iranian government's Economic Committee.[3] He was secretary of the Expediency Discernment Council from 1997 to 2021 and Vice President of Iran for Economic Affairs between 2021 and 2023.

From 1980 to 1997, Rezaee was commander-in-chief of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps.

Before the Iranian Revolution, Rezaee was a member of the Islamist guerrilla rebel group Mansouroun and joined the Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution Organization following the revolution.[4]

Dubbed a "perennial candidate",[5] Rezaee ran as a conservative presidential candidate in the 2009 elections,[6] coming third with 1.7 percent of the vote, behind winner Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and reformist runner-up Mir-Hossein Mousavi.[7] He was also a candidate in 2013 presidential election and received 3,884,412 votes. He ranked fourth behind winner Hassan Rouhani, runner-up Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf and Saeed Jalili.

In the 2021 election, Rezaee was the runner-up to the winner Ebrahim Raisi, who came victorious from the first round, garnering 3.4 million votes, slightly lower than his 2013 tally.

Early life and education

Rezaee was born in Masjed Soleyman on 9 September[citation needed] 1954 to a religious Bakhtiyari nomadic family.[8] He spent his childhood and adolescence in the oil-rich city of Masjed Soleyman (Irsoleymān) in southwestern Iran.

Along with his close friends, he established the "Religion and Science Association". When he was to begin studying at a school run by National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) in 1969, Rezaee moved to the city of Ahvaz.

At high school, he started his political and cultural struggle against the Shah's regime. In their last year of high school, he was arrested by the Shah Security service SAVAK in Ahvaz and interrogated. He was 17 when he served five months in solitary confinement. He did not stop his political activities after he was released from prison.

Rezaee arrived in Tehran in 1974 to study mechanical engineering at Iran University of Science and Technology. He studied and worked at the same time. SAVAK intensified its crackdown on guerrilla groups to which he was a member. He had to abandon the university.

He launched provincial branches of Mansouroun guerrilla fighters in seven provinces. When Ruhollah Khomeini returned home from exile, the Mansouroun group was tasked with protecting the revolutionary leader. After the 1979 Islamic Revolution, seven armed Muslim groups teamed up and established the Islamic Revolution Mujahideen Organization to safeguard the nascent Islamic Revolution.

Although he studied mechanical engineering at Iran University of Science and Technology before the 1979 Islamic Revolution, Rezaee switched to economics after the Iran–Iraq War, studying at Tehran University and received his PhD in 2001.[9]

Career

Ali Sayad Shirazi and Mohsen Rezaee

Rezaee joined the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) and later was appointed chief of its intelligence division.[10] He was appointed the IRGC commander by Ruhollah Khomeini, and after it grew in organizational complexity he assumed the office of IRGC's commander-in-chief on 11 September 1981,[11] when he was 27 years old, and remained in the post until he announced his retirement from all of his military posts. He actively participated in the Iran–Iraq War.[12] In 1986, he was named member of the Supreme Defense Council.[12]

Rezaee was removed from the IRGC in 1997 due to pressures from the followers of the then president Mohammad Khatami.[13] Another reason for his dismissal was his failure to respond to the perceived threat of attack from the US.[10] He was replaced by Yahya Rahim Safavi.[14]

He became a member of Expediency Discernment Council and then its secretary in August 1997.[15] He was also appointed chair of the commission for macroeconomics and commerce. In addition, he is a reviewer of Iran's 2025 version development.

Rezaee founded the news website Tabnak, originally Baztab, in 2002 as a reaction to the proliferation of reformist websites.[16][17][18] He also co-founded Imam Hossein University and teaches there.[citation needed]

It is reported that he returned to IRGC in 2015.[2]

Presidential campaigns

Rezaee was a candidate of the presidential election of 2005, but withdrew on 15 June 2005, only two days before the election. Rezaee mentioned withdrawing from the race for "the integration of the nation's votes" and "their effectiveness". He did not endorse any candidate.[19]

On 23 April 2009, he announced that he entered the 2009 presidential race, after trying to find another conservative to run against President Ahmadinejad, which he lost.[6] He was also a candidate in the 2013 election. Rezaee announced his run for presidency in October 2012.[20]

Rezaee (first from left) with Supreme Leader, Ali Khamenei in funeral of a commander of the Air Force, 8 January 1995.

On 12 December 2016, Rezaee announced that he "has no decision to run for president" in 2017 election.[21] However, in February 2017 he told press that if asked by the Popular Front of Islamic Revolutionary Forces to stand, he "will think about it".[22]

Views

In 1988, Rezaee sent a letter to Ayatollah Khomeini, arguing that the Iran–Iraq War could not be won.[10]

In the run-up to the 2009 Iranian elections, Rezaee criticized opposing candidate Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's public comments questioning the Holocaust as "not useful" for Iran's international standing.[23] Rezaee stated on 2 August 2009 that the ongoing trials of so-called 'prisoners' was an unjust act, issuing a letter on behalf of the Expediency Council of which he is the secretary, condemning the government.[24]

In September 2019, Rezaee expressed his hope that Iran would capture US President Donald Trump and place him on trial.[25]

Controversy

A clash and the disagreement over strategy to be adopted in the Iran–Iraq War emerged between Ali Sayed Shirazi, commander of land forces, and Rezaee in July 1986.[12] When this rivalry became public, Ayatollah Khomeini met them in his residence on 19 July 1986 and urged them to "seek unity", telling them "You must endeavor, not to think in terms of being members of the Armed Forces or those of the Guards Corps or of the Basij forces. ... We must understand that if there were to be any disputes among you ... not only are we doomed here and now, but we also are guilty before God."[12]

In November 2006, Argentine Judge Rodolfo Canicoba Corral issued international arrest warrants for Rezaee, six other Iranians, and one Lebanese in connection with the AMIA bombing, the attacks on 18 July 1994, a suicide bombing of the Jewish cultural center (AMIA) in Buenos Aires, Argentina, which resulted in the deaths of 85 people and serious injuries to 151.[26] The attack on the Jewish cultural center came two years after the 1992 terrorist bombing of the Israeli embassy in Buenos Aires. In 1998, Rezaee's son, Ahmad, defected to the United States, where he told officials that the attack on the Israeli embassy in Buenos Aires was planned in Tehran. The son told U.S. authorities that he had accompanied his father to Lebanon to witness the training.[26] Ahmad Rezaee returned to Iran after a short time and declared that his statements about his father's involvement in the bombing were baseless.[27] Mohsen Rezaee has been on the official Wanted list of Interpol since March 2007, for allegations of "Aggravated Murder and Damages" related to the 1994 AMIA bombing case.[28][29][30] Rezaee rejected the allegations, saying in June 2009, "These charges were a sheer lie".[31]

Electoral history

Rezaee casting his vote in 2016 parliamentary election
Main article: Electoral history of Mohsen Rezaee
Year Election Votes % Rank Notes
2000 Parliament 539,796 18.41 36th Lost
2005 President – Withdrew
2009 President 678,240 1.73 3rd Lost
2013 President Increase 3,884,412 Increase 10.55 4th Lost
2021 President Decrease 3,412,712 Increase 11.79 2nd Lost

Personal life

Rezaee married in 1974. He has five children, two sons and three daughters. His eldest son, Ahmad, migrated to the United States in 1998 and sought political asylum.[9]

Ahmad spoke against the policies of the Iranian Islamic government, and accused his father and others of supporting terrorist acts.[9] He returned to Iran in 2005, recanting his statements,[9] then migrated to the United Arab Emirates in 2011. On 13 November 2011, his body was found in a hotel in Dubai.[9] It was reported that he was killed by a hotel servant, but the Dubai Police stated that he had died after taking a large quantity of antidepressants.[18] His brother, Omidvar, is a member of the Parliament of Iran since 2008.

Works

  • Iran at future horizon
  • Fath's orders
  • Iran and Middle East
  • Look of the Sun
  • I want to die like a cloud
  • 186 Pilgrim notes
  • Regional Iran
  • Answer to some questions about War
  • Establishment of Badr's Sepah
  • Explanation of trade flows on industrial productivity in Iran
  • Rights of the accused in the court system
  • Hidden Hands
  • The third face of economic jihad
  • Ahmad Kazemi's biography
  • Model for cultural policy and planning
  • Who was Ebrahim Hemat?
  • The second wave of the Revolution
  • Economic Federalism
  • Monetary theory, and general equilibrium Atyar

See also

References

  1. ^ Ali Chenar (2 April 2010), "Exploiting Martyrs for Propaganda", Tehran Bureau, PBS, retrieved 5 October 2017
  2. ^ a b c Rohollah Faghihi (13 May 2015). "Iran's Rezaei returns to his military roots". Al-Monitor. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
  3. ^ Baghishov, Elnur (25 August 2021). "Mohsen Rezaee appointed Vice President of Iran". Trend News Agency. Retrieved 7 September 2021.
  4. ^ Alfoneh, Ali (2013), Iran Unveiled: How the Revolutionary Guards Is Transforming Iran from Theocracy into Military Dictatorship, AEI Press, pp. 8–10
  5. ^ Robert Tait (15 June 2013), "Iran election: Mohsen Rezaei profile", The Daily Telegraph, London, retrieved 26 March 2015
  6. ^ a b Nazila Fathi (23 April 2009). "Ex-Leader of Iran's Revolutionary Guards Seeks Presidency". The New York Times. Retrieved 29 August 2010.
  7. ^ "Ahmadinejad wins Iran presidential election". BBC News. 13 June 2009. Retrieved 13 June 2009.
  8. ^ Iran's ethnic minorities key issue in elections Al Arabiya, 22 May 2009
  9. ^ a b c d e "Candidate Profile: Mohsen Rezaei Mirghaed". Asharq Alawsat. 12 June 2013. Archived from the original on 18 July 2014. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
  10. ^ a b c Frederic Wehrey; Jerrold D. Green; Brian Nichiporuk; Alireza Nader; Lydia Hansell; Rasool Nafisi; S. R. Bohandy (2009). "The Rise of the Pasdaran" (PDF). RAND Corporation. Retrieved 20 August 2013.
  11. ^ Nikola B. Schahgaldian, Gina Barkhordarian (March 1987), The Iranian Military Under the Islamic Republic (PDF), RAND, p. 118, ISBN 0-8330-0777-7, retrieved 15 January 2017
  12. ^ a b c d Sick, Gary G. (Spring 1987). "Iran's Quest for Superpower Status". Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 28 July 2013.
  13. ^ Buchta, Wilfried (2000). Who rules Iran?: The structure of power in the Islamic Republic (PDF). Washington, DC: The Washington Inst. for Near East Policy [u.a.] ISBN 0-944029-39-6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 March 2019. Retrieved 14 August 2013.
  14. ^ Rubin, Michael (Fall 2008). "Iran's Revolutionary Guards – A Rogue Outfit?". Middle East Quarterly. XV (4): 37–48. Retrieved 13 August 2013.
  15. ^ "Biographies of Eight Qualified Candidates for Iran Presidential Election". Iran Review. 22 May 2013. Retrieved 13 August 2013.
  16. ^ "Iran: Did Ahmadinejad use Saberi in an attempt to score a diplomatic coup?". Eurasianet. 19 May 2009. Archived from the original on 17 June 2009. Retrieved 3 June 2009.
  17. ^ "Assessing the Domestic Roles of Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps" (PDF). Defense Technical Information Center. 2009. Archived from the original on 6 August 2013. Retrieved 6 August 2013.
  18. ^ a b Ahmad Rezaee, son of the Mohsen Rezaee was killed in Dubai Tabnak
  19. ^ Iranian Student News Agency Archived 22 November 2005 at the Wayback Machine
  20. ^ Candidates profile Al Jazeera, 21 May 2013
  21. ^ "Mohsen Rezaee has no decision to run for president", Tehran Times, 13 December 2016, retrieved 1 January 2017
  22. ^ "Iran's conservatives scramble to find a presidential candidate", The Arab Weekly, 19 February 2017, archived from the original on 22 January 2018, retrieved 21 February 2017
  23. ^ "Ahmadinejad's Challenger Seeks Path for Ties With U.S." Fox News. Associated Press. 27 May 2009.
  24. ^ ilna.ir[permanent dead link‍] [dead link‍]
  25. ^ T. O. I. staff. "Top Iranian official: We'll catch Trump, put him on trial". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 28 September 2019.
  26. ^ a b Stephens, Brett, "Iran's al Qaeda", Stephens' "Global View" column, editorial pages, The Wall Street Journal, 16 October 2007; p. A20
  27. ^ Mohsen Rezaei, A closer look Archived 14 June 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  28. ^ Wanted profile on Interpol website Interpol
  29. ^ Interpol press release Archived 20 August 2010 at the Library of Congress Web Archives Interpol
  30. ^ "Argentina: More international arrest warrants issued for 1994 Jewish center bombing". South American Political and Economic Affairs. 16 November 2007. Retrieved 25 March 2013.
  31. ^ Borzou Daragahi (8 June 2009). "Foreign Exchange". Los Angeles Times.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mohsen Rezaee.
Wikiquote has quotations related to Mohsen Rezaee.
Military offices
Preceded by Head of Intelligence office of the IRGC
1979–1981 		Succeeded by
Vahid Nasseri
Preceded by Commander-in-Chief of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps
1981–1997 		Succeeded by
Political offices
Preceded by Secretary of the Expediency Discernment Council
1997–2021 		Succeeded by

Read other articles:

Salareh Aia, Palembayan, Agam

Salareh AiaNagaripeta nagari salareh aiakantor wali nagari salareh aiaNegara IndonesiaProvinsiSumatera BaratKabupatenAgamKecamatanPalembayanKodepos26164Kode Kemendagri13.06.11.2006 Luas- km²Jumlah penduduk- jiwa Salareh Aia merupakan salah satu nagari yang terdapat dalam kecamatan Palembayan, kabupaten Agam, provinsi Sumatera Barat, Indonesia. Nagari ini dibentuk pada tanggal 31 Mei 1946, dan dasar hukum pembentukannya adalah Maklumat Residen Sumatera Barat Nomor 20 dan 21 Tahun 1946 te...

 

 

History Colorado Center

History museum in Denver, ColoradoHistory Colorado CenterEstablished2012Location1200 BroadwayDenver, ColoradoCoordinates39°44′10″N 104°59′13″W / 39.736099°N 104.986956°W / 39.736099; -104.986956TypeHistory museumOwnerHistory ColoradoWebsitewww.historycoloradocenter.org The History Colorado Center is a museum in Denver, Colorado, USA dedicated to the history of the state of Colorado.[1] Construction on the $111 million building started on 19 August 2...

 

 

Первородный грех

Об экономическом термине см. Первородный грех (экономика). ХристианствоБиблия Ветхий Завет Новый Завет Евангелие Десять заповедей Нагорная проповедь Апокрифы Бог, Троица Бог Отец Иисус Христос Святой Дух История христианства Апостолы Хронология христианства Ран�...

تشارلز بي. بيندكت

هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (مارس 2019) تشارلز بي. بيندكت (بالإنجليزية: Charles B. Benedict)‏    معلومات شخصية الميلاد 7 فبراير 1828   الوفاة 3 أكتوبر 1901 (73 سنة)   مواطنة الولايات المتحدة  الحياة العمل...

 

 

Tabula (game)

Ancient Greco-Roman board game Medieval illustration of tabula players from the 13th century Carmina Burana. Tabula (Byzantine Greek: τάβλι), meaning a plank or board,[1] was a Greco-Roman board game for two players that has given its name to the tables family of games of which backgammon is a member. History A game of τάβλι (tabula) played by Byzantine emperor Zeno in 480 AD and recorded by Agathias in c. 530 AD because of a very unlucky dice throw for Zeno (red), as ...

 

 

The Garden of the Finzi-Continis (film)

Untuk novel, lihat The Garden of the Finzi-Continis. The Garden of the Finzi-ContinisPoster rilis teatrikalSutradaraVittorio de SicaProduserArthur CohnGianni Hecht LucariArtur BraunerDitulis olehVittorio BonicelliPemeranLino CapolicchioDominique SandaHelmut BergerFabio TestiRomolo ValliPenata musikManuel De SicaSinematograferEnnio GuarnieriPenyuntingAdriana NovelliTanggal rilis 4 Desember 1970 (1970-12-04) Durasi94 menitNegaraItaliaBahasaItalia The Garden of the Finzi-Continis (bah...

أتراك

هذه المقالة عن المجموعة العرقية الأتراك وليس عن من يحملون جنسية الجمهورية التركية أتراكTürkler (بالتركية) التعداد الكليالتعداد 70~83 مليون نسمةمناطق الوجود المميزةالبلد  القائمة ... تركياألمانياسورياالعراقبلغارياالولايات المتحدةفرنساالمملكة المتحدةهولنداالنمساأسترالي�...

 

 

Державний комітет телебачення і радіомовлення України

Державний комітет телебачення і радіомовлення України (Держкомтелерадіо) Приміщення комітетуЗагальна інформаціяКраїна  УкраїнаДата створення 2003Керівне відомство Кабінет Міністрів УкраїниРічний бюджет 1 964 898 500 ₴[1]Голова Олег НаливайкоПідвідомчі ор...

 

 

2012–13 Newport County A.F.C. season

Newport County 2012–13 football seasonNewport County2012–13 seasonChairmanChris Blight(until 19 July 2012)Les Scadding(from 23 August 2012)ManagerJustin EdinburghStadiumRodney ParadeConference National3rd (promoted via play-offs)FA CupFourth qualifying roundFA TrophyFirst roundTop goalscorerLeague: Aaron O'Connor (19)All: Aaron O'Connor (21)Highest home attendance6,615 vs Grimsby Town (28 April 2013)Lowest home attendance1,479 vs Gateshead (1 December 2012)Average home league attendance2...

Isabel Bigley

American actress Isabel BigleyBorn(1926-02-23)February 23, 1926Bronx, New York, U.S.DiedSeptember 30, 2006(2006-09-30) (aged 80)Los Angeles, California, U.S.Resting placeWestwood Memorial Park, Los Angeles, California[1]Occupation(s)Actress, singerSpouse Lawrence Barnett ​(m. 1953)​Children6 Vivian Blaine, Sam Levene and Isabel Bigley on the ordergram to purchase tickets to the 1950 original Broadway production of Guys and Dolls Isabel Bigley (Februar...

 

 

Morobe Province

Province in Papua New Guinea Place in Papua New GuineaMorobe Province Morobe Provins (Tok Pisin) FlagMorobe Province in Papua New GuineaCoordinates: 6°50′S 146°40′E / 6.833°S 146.667°E / -6.833; 146.667CountryPapua New GuineaCapitalLaeDistricts List Bulolo DistrictFinschhafen DistrictHuon DistrictKabwum DistrictLae DistrictMarkham DistrictMenyamya DistrictNawae DistrictTewae-Siassi District Government • GovernorLuther Wenge 2022–2027Area ...

 

 

Katedral Trondheim

Katedral TrondheimGereja Katedral Santo Olav di TrondheimSt. Olav domkirkeKatedral Trondheim, 2016LokasiTrondheimNegaraNorwegiaDenominasiGereja Katolik RomaSejarahTanggal konsekrasi1973AdministrasiKeuskupanPrelatur Teritorial Trondheim Katedral Santo Olav[1] (bahasa Norwegia: St. Olav domkirke) adalah sebuah gereja katedral Katolik yang menjadi pusat kedudukan dan takhta bagi Prelatur Trondheim, milik Gereja Katolik di Norwegia.[2][3] Katedral ini dibangun di atas ...

Cenepa-Krieg

Der Cenepa-Krieg war ein militärischer Konflikt zwischen Ecuador und Peru. Der Krieg fand im Jahr 1995 statt und dauerte circa drei Wochen. Streitpunkt war der Grenzverlauf zwischen Peru und Ecuador in einem Gebiet nahe dem Río Cenepa. In diesem Krieg gab es etwa 500 Tote.[1] Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Ausgangslage 1.1 Lage in Peru 1.2 Lage in Ecuador 2 Streitpunkt 3 Verlauf 4 Ergebnis 5 Einigung über den Grenzverlauf 6 Literatur 7 Einzelnachweise Ausgangslage Beide Länder hatten 1941/4...

 

 

Jargon

Specialist terminology often understood only by a certain group For other uses, see Jargon (disambiguation). Jargon or technical language is the specialized terminology associated with a particular field or area of activity.[1] Jargon is normally employed in a particular communicative context and may not be well understood outside that context. The context is usually a particular occupation (that is, a certain trade, profession, vernacular or academic field), but any ingroup can have ...

 

 

Dryas récent

Dryas octopetala. Le Dryas récent, ou Dryas III, est une période de 1 200 ans allant de 12 850 à 11 650 ans avant le présent (calibré en années calendaires[1]), soit une période de 10 900 à 9 700 av. J.-C[1]. Elle représente l'ultime oscillation froide de la dernière période glaciaire et précède la période chaude actuelle de l'Holocène. C'est la troisième, la dernière et la plus longue des oscillations froides connues sous le nom de Dry...

Barmen

Former city in eastern Rhineland, Germany For other uses, see Barmen (disambiguation). You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in German. (November 2012) Click [show] for important translation instructions. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translat...

 

 

Ship-to-Shore Connector

Air-cushioned landing craft Ship-to-Shore Connector Ship-to-Shore Connector LCAC 101 in September 2020TypeAir-cushioned landing craftPlace of originUnited StatesService historyIn serviceIn developmentProduction historyUnit costUS$47.5m (FY15)[1]US$55.5m[1] (inc R&D) (FY15)No. built73 planned,[1] 9 under contract.[2]SpecificationsPayload capacity74 tons[3] or 145 Marines[4] or 108 casualty personnel[4]Max...

 

 

Baron Rathcreedan

Barony in the Peerage of the United Kingdom Baron Rathcreedan, of Bellehatch Park in the County of Oxford, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.[1] It was created 27 January 1916 for the Liberal politician Cecil Norton. He had previously represented Newington West in the House of Commons and served as a Junior Lord of the Treasury from 1905 to 1910 and as Assistant Postmaster-General between 1910 and 1916. Since 1990, the title is held by his grandson, the third Baron.[...

بيوتر زيلينسكي

بيوتر زيلينسكي (بالبولندية: Piotr Zieliński)‏  زيلينسكي مع نابولي عام 2019 معلومات شخصية الاسم الكامل بيوتر سيباستيان زيلينسكي الميلاد 20 مايو 1994 (العمر 30 سنة)زابكوفايس شلاشكه، بولندا الطول 1.77 م (5 قدم 10 بوصة) مركز اللعب وسط الجنسية بولندا  معلومات النادي النادي الحالي �...

 

 

Histoire de l'Afrique du Sud de 1948 à 1994

Afrique du Sud(af) Suid-Afrika (en) Union of South AfricaRepublic of South Africa Drapeau de l'Afrique du Sud de 1928 à 1994. Armoiries de l'Afrique du Sud de 1932 à 2000. Devise en latin : Ex unitate vires (« De la force de l'unité ») Hymne Die Stem van Suid-Afrika Localisation de la république d'Afrique du Sud (en rouge).Informations générales Statut Dominion britannique(1910–1961).République parlementaire (1961–1984).République présidentie...