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The Indonesian Military Regional Commands (Indonesian: Komando Daerah Militer; abbreviated Kodam) also known officially as Military Area Commands are military districts of the Indonesian Army that function for the territorial defense of various regions within the country. They cover one or multiple provinces.

History

The Armed Forces' military regions are known as Kodam. Their organization was established by General Sudirman, following the model of the German Wehrkreise system. The system was later codified in Strategy Order No.1 (Surat Perintah Siasat No.1), signed by General Sudirman in November 1948.^[1]

The Army's structure underwent various reorganisations throughout its early years. From 1946 to 1952, the Army was organized into combined arms divisions. These were consolidated in 1951 and then dissolved in 1952. From 1952 to 1958–59, the Army was organised into seven Territorial Armies (Tentara & Teritorium) composed of regiments and independent formations at battalion level and below. In August 1958, the Indonesian Army reconsolidated its territorial organization. This created sixteen regional commands, which retained earlier divisional titles; the Siliwangi Division, for example, became Kodam VI/Siliwangi.^[2] The Kodam were subdivided administratively into Areas (the former territorial regiments), Districts (the former regimental battalions), and District Sectors, and operationally composed of several specialty battalions and in some regional commands, an infantry brigade.

A reorganisation in 1985 made significant changes in the army chain of command. The four multiservice Regional Defence Commands (Kowilhan) and the National Strategic Forces Command (Kostranas) were eliminated from the defense structure, re-establishing the Military Regional Commands (Kodam) as the key organisation for strategic, tactical, and territorial operations for all services. The 16 regions were reduced to just 10.^[3] The chain of command flowed directly from the ABRI commander via the Chief of Staff of the Army to the ten territorial commanders, and then to subordinate army territorial commands. In 1999, the number of regions grew to 10, and today, there are around 15 in active operation.

The territorial commands incorporate provincial and district commands each with infantry battalions, sometimes a cavalry battalion, artillery, or engineers. The number of activated infantry brigades is increasing.^[4] Some have Raider battalions attached.

Organization of Regional Commands

Each Military Regional or Area Command (Kodam) is led by a major general, assisted by a chief of staff who holds the rank of brigadier general. Kodams oversee several territorial formations under its command, which are:

Korem or Indonesian: Komando Resor Militer also known as Military Subarea Command or Military Resort Command is a territorial army office covering a large area or multiple regencies (Kabupaten). They are further divided into two types which are type "A" and type "B". They are commanded by a brigadier general for type "A" and a colonel for type "B" respectively. It is below the Kodam and is responsible for Military Districts or Kodims.
Kodim or Indonesian: Komando Distrik Militer also known as Military District Command is a territorial army office covering a City or Regency level. They are further divided into three types which are "independent", type "A" and type "B". They are commanded by a Colonel (for Independent and type "A"), and a Lieutenant Colonel for type "B" respectively. It is below the Korem and oversees Koramils under its supervision.
Koramil or Indonesian: Komando Rayon Militer also known as Military Subdistrict Command is a territorial army office covering a district (kecamatan, distrik, kapanewon, and kemantren). They are further divided into two types, "A" and "B", commanded by a Major for type "A" and a Captain for type "B" respectively. It is below the Kodim. Babinsa offices and bureaux fall under its control.
- Babinsa or Indonesian: Bintara Pembina Desa, lit. 'Village Trustee' also known as Village Management Senior NCO is a senior army Non-commissioned Officer (usually holding the rank of Sergeant Major) or a senior Enlisted rank personnel (usually holding the rank of Master corporal) who is in charge for carrying out territorial development and monitoring duties for a community in the village/Kelurahan level. Babinsa NCOs fall under the control of the local Koramil unit.

The 063 "Sunan Gunung Jati" Military Area Command (Korem 063) in Cirebon, under Kodam III/Siliwangi
The 0619 Purwakarta Military District Command (Kodim 0619), under Korem 063
The 2018 Susukan Military Sector Command (Koramil 2018) in Cirebon Regency, under Kodim 0620

In addition, each of the Kodams own a Main Regiment (known as Resimen Induk Kodam or Rindam) which is responsible for the training and education of enlisted personnel and non-commissioned officers in their territory.

The office of the Regional Commander is assisted by the following territorial departments:

Office of the Regional Inspectorate General (Itdam)
Office of the Regional Secretariat (Setumdam)
Regional Military Police Command (Pomdam) – responsible for military law enforcement in the territory
Regional Public Affairs and Press Office (Pendam) – responsible for public affairs, media and civil-military relations
Office of the Regional Adjutant General (Ajendam)
Regional Military Physical Fitness and Sports Office (Jasdam) – responsible for physical fitness and sports affairs
Regional Medical Department (Kesdam) – responsible for medical affairs
Regional Veterans and National Reserves Administration (Babiminvetcadam) – responsible for military reserves formation and veterans' affairs
Regional Topography Service (Topdam)
Regional Chaplaincy Corps (Bintaldam) – chaplaincy service for personnel who are Muslims, Christians, Hindus, Buddhists and Confucianists
Regional Finance Office (Kudam) – responsible for financial activities
Regional Legal Affairs Office (Kumdam)
Regional HQ and HQ Services Detachment (Detasemen Makodam)
Regional C3 Unit (Puskodalops Kodam)
Regional Information and Communications Technology Office (Infolahtadam)
Regional Logistics and Transportation Division (Bekangdam)
Regional Signals Division (Hubdam)
Regional Ordnance Department (Paldam)
Regional Engineering Division (Zidam)
Regional Cyber Operations Service (Sandidam)
Regional Intelligence Command (Deninteldam)
Liaison offices of the Navy and Air Force formations in each Military Region

Operationally, each "Kodam" is organized as a territorial infantry division which oversees several Subordinate combat units:

Infantry Brigade
directly reporting independent Infantry battalions (including Raider Infantry)
independent Infantry battalions which are under the Military Subarea Command or "Korem"
Cavalry Squadron and/or Cavalry Reconnaissance Troop (Separate)
Field Artillery Battalion/s
Air Defense Artillery Battalions/Detachments
Combat Engineers Battalion/s
Construction Engineers Battalions/Detachments

Military regions

The following is a list of Military Regional Commands in Indonesia:

No	Name	Coat of arms	Defence area	Headquarters	Commander	Official website
1.	I Military Regional Command/Bukit Barisan		North Sumatra	Medan	Major General Hasan Hasibuan	kodam1-bukitbarisan.mil.id
			West Sumatra
			Riau
			Riau Islands
2.	II Military Regional Command/Sriwijaya		Jambi	Palembang	Major General M. Naudi Nurdika	kodam-ii-sriwijaya.mil.id
			Bengkulu
			South Sumatra
			Bangka Belitung
			Lampung
3.	III Military Regional Command/Siliwangi		Banten	Bandung	Major General Dadang Arif Abdurahman	siliwangi.mil.id
			West Java
4.	IV Military Regional Command/Diponegoro		Central Java	Semarang	Major General Deddy Suryadi	kodam4.mil.id
			Special Region of Yogyakarta
5.	V Military Regional Command/Brawijaya		East Java	Surabaya	Major General Rudy Saladin	kodam5brawijaya.tniad.mil.id
6.	VI Military Regional Command/Mulawarman		South Kalimantan	Balikpapan	Major General Tri Budi Utomo
			East Kalimantan
			North Kalimantan
7.	IX Military Regional Command/Udayana		Bali	Denpasar	Major General M. Zamroni
			West Nusa Tenggara
			East Nusa Tenggara
8.	XII Military Regional Command/Tanjungpura		West Kalimantan	Kubu Raya	Major General Iwan Setiawan
			Central Kalimantan
9.	XIII Military Regional Command/Merdeka		North Sulawesi	Manado	Major General Candra Wijaya
			Gorontalo
			Central Sulawesi
10.	XIV Military Regional Command/Hasanuddin		West Sulawesi	Makassar	Major General Bobby Rinal Makmun	kodam14hasanuddin-tniad.mil.id
			South Sulawesi
			Southeast Sulawesi
11.	XV Military Regional Command/Pattimura		North Maluku	Ambon	Major General Putranto Gatot Sri Handoyo	kodam16pattimura.mil.id
			Maluku
12.	XVII Military Regional Command/Cenderawasih		Central Papua	Port Numbay	Major General Rudi Puruwito
			Papua
			Highland Papua
			South Papua
13.	XVIII Military Regional Command/Kasuari		Southwest Papua	Manokwari	Major General Haryanto
			West Papua
14.	Jaya Military Regional Command/Jayakarta		Jakarta	Jakarta	Major General Rafael Granada Baay	kodamjaya-tniad.mil.id
15.	Military Regional Command/Iskandar Muda		Aceh	Banda Aceh	Major General Niko Fahrizal	kodamim-tniad.mil.id

Former Military Regional Commands

No	Name	Coat of arms	Headquarters	Formed	Disbanded
1.	III Military Regional Command/17 Agustus		Padang	17 April 1959^[5]	26 January 1985^[6]
2.	X Military Regional Command/Lambung Mangkurat		Banjarmasin	17 July 1958^[7]	1 May 1985^[8]
3.	XI Military Regional Command/Tambun Bungai		Palangka Raya	17 July 1958^[9]	18 March 1974^[10]

References

^ Gitiyarko, Vincentinus (1 March 2021). "Serangan Umum 1 Maret 1949". Kompas. Retrieved 29 September 2021.
^ Conboy, Kenneth J. (2003). Kopassus: inside Indonesia's special forces (1st ed.). Jakarta: Equinox Publishing. p. 79. ISBN 979-95898-8-6. OCLC 51242376.
^ Anderson, Ben (1985). "Current Data on the Indonesian Military Elite". Indonesia (40). Southeast Asia Program Publications at Cornell University: 131–64. JSTOR 3350880.
^ "The Military Balance". 106 (1). International Institute for Strategic Studies. 2006. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)^{[page needed]}
^ Stj Soenarman (1970). Sedjarah Kodam III/17 Agustus (in Indonesian). Komando Daerah Militer III/17 Agustus. p. 470.
^ Petrik Matanasi, Irfan Teguh (2020-06-15). "Kodam Bukit Barisan: Dipecah Nasution untuk Mempersempit Gerak PRRI". tirto.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2021-04-07. Pada masa pendudukan Jepang, di Sumatra Utara terdapat tentara sukarela yang tergabung dalam Gyugun. Setelah Proklamasi Kemerdekaan, para pemuda ini masuk ke dalam Tentara Keamanan Rakyat (TKR).
^ Panitia Redaksi "Kodam X/LM Membangun" (1962). Kodam X/LM Membangun (in Indonesian). Komando Daerah Militer X/Lambung Mangkurat. p. 22.
^ "Profil Satuan Kodim 1015/Sampit". kodim1015sampit.com. Retrieved 2021-04-08. Pada tanggal 1 Mei 1985 Kodam X/ Lambung Mangkurat dilikuidasi menjadi Kodam VI/Tanjungpura di Balikpapan sehingga Organik Administrasi Kodim 1015/Spt yang merupakan bagian wilayah dari Korem 102/Panju Panjung di bawah Kodam VI/Tanjungpura.
^ Alex Prawiraatmadja (1972). Amanat-amanat pada hari ulang tahun Kodam XI/Tambun Bungai, 17 Djuli 1972, di Palangka Raja (in Indonesian). TNI Angkatan Darat. p. 16.
^ "SEJARAH SINGKAT KOREM 102/PANJU PANJUNG". korem102panjupanjung.com. Archived from the original on 2021-05-13. Retrieved 2021-04-08.