The main focus of the research in Mihaela Zavolan's group is of microRNAs (miRNAs).[3] These 22 nucleotides long RNA molecules regulate the expression of protein coding genes, thereby controlling cell differentiation, metabolism and immune responses.
Through the development of high-throughput experimental methods and computational analyses, Zavolan has contributed to the discovery of many miRNAs in various organisms ranging from viruses to humans.[4] She has developed algorithms to predict miRNA genes and miRNA targets, and has worked on the development of the CLIP method (cross-linking and immunoprecipitation) for mapping the binding sites of RNA-binding proteins in RNAs.[5] Recently, her group used CLIP binding site data to infer a biophysical model of miRNA-target interaction, which can be used to predict the strength between of interactions between miRNAs and their targets on mRNAs and long non-coding RNA.[6]