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Micropia

For the museum in Amsterdam, see Micropia (museum).
For the moth genus, see Micropia (moth).

Micropia is the name of a family of LTR retrotransposons widespread in the genomes of fruitflies of the genus Drosophila.[1][2] Micropia retrotransposons in some species of Drosophila express a male germline-specific and meiotic-specific antisense transcript complementary to the reverse transcriptase (RT) and ribonuclease A (RNaseA) genes of the proviral retrotransposon.[3] No active transposition of micropia has been registered so far. micropia is likely part of a selfish driver system responsible for the Drosophila Y chromosomal lampbrushloop evolution in some species.[3]

Micropia was discovered after micro-cloning experiments carried out on Y-chromosomal lampbrush loops by Prof. Wolfgang Hennig. Similar loops can be found in lampbrush chromosomes (see Lampbrush chromosome) that are characteristic for the female germ cells of most animals, except mammals. The name micropia is an artificial word, i.e. a concoction of "microcloning" and "copia-like element".

Evolutionary history

A 2019 comparative survey detected Micropia-related sequences in 34 Drosophilidae species and recovered 20 subfamilies, indicating a patchy distribution across the family.[4] Earlier work on Zaprionus and melanogaster-subgroup species concluded that Micropia was introduced by multiple horizontal transfer events from different donor lineages, supporting a more complex evolutionary history than vertical inheritance alone.[5]

References

  1. ^ Huijser, P., C. Kirchhoff, D. H. Lankenau, and W. Hennig. 1988. Retrotransposon-like sequences are expressed in Y chromosomal lampbrush loops of Drosophila hydei. J Mol Biol 203:689-97.
  2. ^ Lankenau, D. H., P. Huijser, E. Jansen, K. Miedema, and W. Hennig. 1988. Micropia: a retrotransposon of Drosophila combining structural features of DNA viruses, retroviruses and non-viral transposable elements. J Mol Biol 204:233-46.
  3. ^ a b Lankenau, S., V. G. Corces, and D. H. Lankenau. 1994. The Drosophila micropia retrotransposon encodes a testis-specific antisense RNA complementary to reverse transcriptase. Mol Cell Biol 14:1764-1775.
  4. ^ Cordeiro, J., K. Carvalho, V. L. S. Valente, and L. J. Robe. 2019. Evolutionary history and classification of Micropia retroelements in Drosophilidae species. PLOS One 14(8):e0220539. [1]
  5. ^ de Setta, N., M.-A. Van Sluys, P. Capy, and C. M. A. Carareto. 2009. Multiple invasions of Gypsy and Micropia retroelements in genus Zaprionus and melanogaster subgroup of the genus Drosophila. BMC Evolutionary Biology 9:279. [2]
  • Burt, A., and R. Trivers. 2006. Genes in Conflict. The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Ma; London.

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