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Mbilaneni

Mbilaneni
TypeSwazi royal burial site
LocationShiselweni District, Eswatini
Nearest cityNhlangano
Site notes
Governing bodyTraditional authorities
OwnerKingdom of Eswatini

Mbilaneni is a historical site in Eswatini (formerly Swaziland), located approximately 8 kilometres south of the modern town of Nhlangano in the Shiselweni District. It is a royal burial ground of the Swazi monarchy.[1]

The mountainous site is sometimes referred to locally as "Mbilaneni I" to distinguish it from Mlokotfwa Hill ("Mbilaneni II"),[2][3] where King Ndvungunye was interred after being struck by lightning in 1815[4] and the Mdzimba Mountain where Prince Ludvonga was buried.[5]

Description

Mbilaneni is the burial place of several prominent Swazi kings, including Ngwane III, Sobhuza I,[6] Mswati II,[7] and Sobhuza II.[4][8][9]

Royal burials at Mbilaneni are conducted with strict traditional rules. Bodies are initially placed in caves before being moved to the hillside under cover of night. The Mdluli clan serves as the primary custodians of the Mbilaneni royal graves.[4] Historically, the Mkhaliphi clan were earlier custodians but lost this role due to negligence during a grass fire.[9]

A nephew of Queen Somnjalose Simelane named Khani Simelane married Mbilini Mdluli and their son, Senzenjani Mdluli (died 1944), continued guarding Mbilaneni.[10]

In July 2021, Mbilaneni made the news after King Mswati III's ritual cows, a herd of 30, fled into the forest at night while the royal family was preparing for a royal ritual ceremony at Mbilaneni, requiring the deployment of military personnel to recover them quickly.[11]

References

  1. ^ Zwinoira, R.T. (1984). Some toponyms and ethnonyms of Swaziland, in African ethnonyms and toponyms, Meeting of Experts on Ethnonyms and Toponyms, Paris, 1978, pp. 23–38, p. 24.
  2. ^ Hamilton, Carolyn (1990). In Pursuit of Swaziland's Precolonial Past. Kulandza Umlandvo: Swaziland Oral History Project (First ed.). Manzini, Swaziland: Macmillan Boleswa Publishers (Pty) Ltd. pp. 57 & 61. ISBN 0 333 4 7907 6.
  3. ^ Emandulo.apc.uct.ac.za - University of Cape Town: Swaziland Oral History Project and associated items: FHYA curation of a selection from the Bonner Series of the Swaziland Oral History Project - index to Bonner's oral history notes, p. 83
  4. ^ a b c Matsebula, J.S.M. (1988). History of Eswatini, Longman. 3rd edition, p. 12 (online version) ISBN 9780582031678
  5. ^ Matsebula, J.S.M. (1988), p. 62
  6. ^ Gillis D, Hugh. The Kingdom of Swaziland: Studies in Political History (PDF), Greenwood Press, p. 17. ISBN 0313306702
  7. ^ Matsebula, J.S.M. (1988), p. 58
  8. ^ "King Ask Sobhuza II To Save Him From Swazis, Present Over 15 Cows At His Cave". Eugene Dube, Swati Newsweek, 23 July 2021
  9. ^ a b Westcott, Michael (compiler), Hamilton, Caroline (ed.): In the Tracks of the Swazi Past, 1992, p. 52. Kulandza Umlandvo: Swaziland Oral History Project. Macmillan Boleswa Publishers (Pty) Ltd: Manzini, Swaziland (online version)
  10. ^ Richard Mdvumowencwala, Patrick (2000). Chiefs and Chiefdoms of Swaziland: Part 2: Non-Dlamini Chiefs, Government of Swaziland (Swaziland Oral History Project), Manzini
  11. ^ Dlamini, Zweli Martin. King's Mbilaneni cows flee at night, Swaziland News, 23 July 2021

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