Maude Delap

Maude Delap
Portrait in 1950
Born7 December 1866
Templecrone, County Donegal, Ireland
Died23 July 1953(1953-07-23) (aged 86)
Valentia Island, County Kerry
NationalityIrish
Scientific career
FieldsZoology, marine biology

Maude Jane Delap (7 December 1866 – 23 July 1953) was a self-taught marine biologist, known for being the first person to breed jellyfish in captivity, and thus observed their full life cycle for the first time.[1] She was also involved in extensive study of plankton from the coasts of Valentia Island.[2][3]

Early life and education

Maude Delap was born in Templecrone Rectory, County Donegal, the seventh child of ten of Rev Alexander Delap and Anna Jane (née Goslett).[4] In 1874, when Maude was aged 8, the family moved to Valentia Island when her father became the rector of the island and Cahirciveen.[4] Maude and her sisters received very little formal education in contrast to their brothers,[5] though they benefited from some progressive primary school teaching.[5] Maude and her sister Constance were encouraged in their interest in zoology and biology from their father, who himself published notes in The Irish Naturalist and elsewhere.[4]

Collecting and research

Maude, and her sister Constance, were prolific collectors of marine specimens many of which are now housed within the collections of the Natural History Museum, Dublin. Based on their work a survey was undertaken by the Royal Irish Academy headed by Edward T. Browne of University College London in 1895 and 1896, a precursor to the Clare Island Survey.[4] Following this collaboration Maude and Constance continued to collect specimens through dredging and tow-netting as well as recording sea temperature and changes in marine life.[4][6] Maude kept in correspondence with Browne, sending specimens and drawings, until his death in 1937.[7]

Delap became increasingly interested in the life cycle of various species of jellyfish, being the first person to successfully breed them in captivity in her home laboratory using home made aquariums.[1] She bred Chrysaora isosceles[8] and Cyanea lamarckii[9] in bell jars and published the results, observing their breeding and feeding habits.[6] It was due to this pioneering work that the first identification of the various life cycle stages (medusa and hydra) belong to which species. Her laboratory was referred to as the department which her nephew, Peter Delap, described as an "heroic jumble of books, specimens, aquaria, with its pervasive low-tide smell."[6]

Due to her contributions to marine biology she was offered a position in 1906 in the Plymouth Marine Biological Station, she declined due to her father's reaction, which reputedly was "No daughter of mine will leave home, except as a married woman."[5] Delap's interest continued in many forms of flora and fauna, which included the identification of a True's beaked whale which washed up on the island. This was a whale species that was previously only known from an incomplete specimen from the United States.[6]

Later life and recognition

Delap had a sea anemone named in her honour, Edwardsia delapiae, which she first recorded in eelgrass on Valentia Island's shores. This anemone is found in shallow sea water and it is unknown outside Valentia Island.[10] The naming had been suggested by Thomas Alan Stephenson in his book British sea anemones. Stephenson notes in his book that "Miss Delap's skill and persistence in collecting rare species are indefatigable."[6]

In 1936 Delap was made an associate of the Linnean Society of London. She died in July 1953, having been predeceased by all of her siblings, and was buried alongside her sisters near Knightstown, County Kerry.[7]

A plaque was erected to her in 1998 on Valentia Island by the Irish National Committee for Commemorative Plaques in Science and Technology.[5][7] Maude was also the subject of an art work by Dorothy Cross, exploring her life and interaction with contemporary scientists and artists.[11][12]

The poem 'Maude, Enthralled' from Doireann Ní Ghríofa's poetry collection To star the dark (2021) is dedicated Delap.[13]

Publications

  • Browne, Edward Thomas and Delap, Maude Jane (1890) Notebooks, Drawings and Papers on Hydrozoa and Other Coelenterates from Valencia, Port Erin, Plymouth and Elsewhere
  • Delap, Maude Jane (1899) Diary Recording Observations on Coelenterata and Other Marine Animals Around Valencia, Ireland

References

  1. ^ a b Mulvihill, Mary (2003). Ingenious Ireland: A County-by-County Exploration of the Mysteries and Marvels of the Ingenious Irish. Dublin: Simon and Schuster. pp. 397–398. ISBN 0684020947.
  2. ^ Ogilvie, Marilyn; Harvey, Joy (2000). Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science: Pioneering Lives From Ancient Times to the Mid-20th Century. London: Taylor & Francis. p. 695. ISBN 1135963436.
  3. ^ Desmond, Ray (1994). Dictionary Of British And Irish Botantists And Horticulturalists Including plant collectors, flower painters and garden designers. London: CRC Press. p. 202. ISBN 0850668433.
  4. ^ a b c d e Creese, Mary R. S.; Creese, Thomas M. (2004). Ladies in the Laboratory 2. Oxford: Scarecrow Press. p. 47. ISBN 0810849798.
  5. ^ a b c d Ask About Ireland. "Delap, Maude Jane". Ask About Ireland. Retrieved 8 November 2014.
  6. ^ a b c d e Mulvihill, Mary (1997). Stars, Shells and Bluebells. Dublin: Women in Technology and Science. pp. 98–109. ISBN 0953195309.
  7. ^ a b c Byrne, Patricia M. "Delap, Maude Jane". Dictionary of Irish Biography. Royal Irish Academy. Retrieved 8 November 2014.
  8. ^ Delap, Maude Jane (1901). "Notes on the rearing of Chrysaora isosceles in an aquarium". Irish Naturalist. 10: 25–28.
  9. ^ Delap, Maude Jane (1905). "Notes on rearing in an aquarium of Cyanae Lamarcki Peron at Lesueur". Annual Report on the Fisheries of Ireland 1902–'03. Part II, Appendix 1.
  10. ^ Edwardsia delapiae, habitas.org.uk, retrieved 10 November 2014
  11. ^ Ede, Sîan (2005). Art and Science. London: I.B.Tauris. p. 176. ISBN 0857710575.
  12. ^ BBC Radio 4 Woman's Hour. "Maude Delap". BBC Radio 4 Woman's Hour. BBC Radio 4. Retrieved 8 November 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  13. ^ Doireann Ní Ghríofa. To Star the Dark. 13 Moyclare Road, Baldoyle, Dublin, Ireland: Dedalus Press. 2021. pp. 46-49. ISBN 9781910251867.