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Matadi
Matadi
Provincial capital and city
	Ville de Matadi
	Nickname: The Stone City
	Matadi Location in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
	Coordinates: 5°49′03″S 13°28′15″E / 5.81750°S 13.47083°E
Country	Democratic Republic of the Congo
Province	Kongo Central
Founded	1879
Government
• Mayor	Dominique Nkodia
Area
• City	110 km2 (40 sq mi)
Population (2015)
• City	301,644
• Density	2,700/km2 (7,100/sq mi)
• Urban	337,000
Time zone	UTC+1 (West Africa Time)

Matadi is the chief sea port of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the capital of the Kongo Central province, adjacent to the border with Angola. It had a population of 245,862 (2004). Matadi is situated on the left bank of the Congo River, 148 km (92 mi) from the mouth and 8 km (5.0 mi) below the last navigable point before the rapids that make the river impassable for a long stretch upriver.

History

Matadi was near the site of the state of Vungu, which was first mentioned in 1535 ^[4] and was said to be destroyed in 1624.

Matadi itself was founded by Sir Henry Morton Stanley in 1879. It was strategically important because it was the last navigable port going upstream on the Congo River; it became the furthest inland port in the Congo Free State. The construction of the Matadi–Kinshasa Railway (built between 1890 and 1898) made it possible to transport goods from deeper within Congo's interior to the port of Matadi, stimulating the city to become an important trading center. Portuguese and French West-African commercial interests influenced the city's architecture and urban design, which borrowed from the neighboring colonies in Angola and the Congo-Brazzaville.^[5]

Culture

The word Matadi means stone in the local Kikongo language. The town is built on steep hills. A local saying is that to live in Matadi, you must know the verbs "to go up", "to go down", and "to sweat". Upstream is a series of caves known as the "rock of Diogo Cão", after graffiti carved by the Portuguese explorer in 1485 marking the limit of his travels up the Congo River.

Yelala Rapids lies near the city.

Climate

Matadi has a relatively dry tropical savanna climate (Köppen Aw) with a lengthy dry season from June to September due to the northerly extension of the cold, foggy Benguela Current.

Climate data for Matadi
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	33 (91)	33 (92)	34 (94)	34 (93)	33 (91)	30 (86)	28 (83)	29 (84)	30 (86)	32 (90)	33 (91)	32 (90)	32 (89)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	24 (76)	24 (76)	24 (76)	24 (76)	24 (75)	22 (71)	20 (68)	21 (69)	22 (72)	24 (75)	24 (75)	24 (75)	23 (74)
Average rainfall cm (inches)	13 (5)	11 (4.3)	17 (6.6)	19 (7.4)	6.1 (2.4)	0.25 (0.1)	0.25 (0.1)	0.25 (0.1)	0.76 (0.3)	2.8 (1.1)	17 (6.7)	15 (5.8)	102.41 (39.9)
Source: Weatherbase^[6]

Infrastructure

The mouth of the Congo forms one of Africa's largest harbours. In addition to Matadi, which is the furthest upriver, three ports are located within it, the others being Boma and Banana in DR Congo and Soyo in Angola. Matadi serves as a major import and export point for the whole nation. Chief exports are coffee and timber. The state fishing company "Pemarza" uses the port to supply fish to Kinshasa. Tshimpi Airport is nearby but is reportedly inactive because of continued warfare.^{[citation needed]}

In Matadi there is the famous Matadi Bridge, the only one along the entire lower and middle reaches of the huge Congo River. Therefore, the main transcontinental flow of cars from the vast northwestern part of Africa to the south of the African continent passes through Matadi.

Matadi Bridge, a suspension bridge 722 m- long with a main span of 520 m, built in 1983, crosses the river just south of Matadi, carrying the main road linking Kinshasa to the coast. After passing through Matadi and over the bridge, it continues to Boma, Muanda and Banana. Although built as a mixed rail and road bridge, no rail line is now operating over the bridge. Matadi is the port railhead for the 366 km long Matadi-Kinshasa Railway, constructed to bypass the rapids on the river upstream. A monument to the builders of the railway stands on a nearby hill.^{[citation needed]}

A power station on the M'pozo River supplies power to Matadi.^{[citation needed]}

Port

The maximum draft of the port is 8.2m.^[7] The Navy of the Democratic Republic of the Congo maintains one operational command at the port.

Currently, larger ships are required to transfer cargo to smaller vessels in the Republic of Congo's Pointe-Noire port. For this reason, the development of a deep-sea port at Port Banana was begun in 2022.^[8]

Media

La Cité africaine de Matadi is a newspaper published in French in Matadi.^[9]

In Belgium, a small garden city in the Heverlee suburb of Leuven was named after Matadi in the 1920s.^[10]

Gallery

Matadi, 1899
The market, 1899
A corner market in Matadi, 1899
Women at the market in Matadi, 1899
The market, 1899
The houses of Matadi, 1899
The surroundings of Matadi, 1899
Matadi port, circa 1942
Full Congo River at Matadi and the first rapids
Arrival at Matadi station
Map of Matadi and Vivi around 1890
Matadi in 1930s

References

^ "Kongo Central : le nouveau maire s'engage à matérialiser la vision du Chef de l'État" (in French). L’Agence congolaise de presse (ACP). 6 January 2023. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
^ "caid.cd/index.php/donnees-par-villes/ville-de-matadi/?domaine=fiche". Archived from the original on 30 November 2020.
^ "Matadi, Democratic Republic of the Congo Population (2022) - Population Stat". populationstat.com. Retrieved 2022-08-19.
^ Afonso I to the Pope Paulo III, 21 February 1535 in Antonio Brasio, ed. Monumenta Missionaria Africana (15 vols, Lisbon 1952-88) 2: 38.
^ History of architecture: city, architecture and colonial space in Matadi and Lubumbashi, Sofie Boonen, "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-07-14. Retrieved 2014-07-11.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ "Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Matadi, Democratic Republic of the Congo". Weatherbase. 2011. Retrieved on November 24, 2011.
^ "E-ships.net".
^ "Construction of Banana Port begins in Congo". Ships & Ports.
^ University, © Stanford; Stanford; California 94305. "African collections". Stanford Libraries. Retrieved 2022-08-19.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^ Verbinnen, Liam (15 April 2021). "Matadi Leuven: historische tuinwijk met bruisende gemeenschap – 21bis". 21bis. Retrieved 27 March 2023.