Takayanagi was raised in Tomioka, a city in Gunma Prefecture.[1] He briefly attended Tohoku University[2] in Japan before deciding to pursue a career in cinematography in the American film industry; he was inspired by Masters of Light: Conversations with Contemporary Cinematographers, which he saw in a bookstore.[3] He migrated to the United States around 1996[4] in order to attend film school at California State University, Long Beach at the university's Film and Electronics Arts Department, although he could not speak English at the time.[3][5] He later attended the AFI Conservatory in Los Angeles and graduated in 2002.[6] His short film Shui Hen, a graduate project he produced at the AFI Conservatory, won the 2003 Palm Springs International Film Festival's award for Best Student Cinematography.[1] In 2004, he was awarded the American Society of Cinematographers' John F. Seitz Student Heritage Award.[1]