Mary Shakespeare

Mary Arden

Born	Mary Arden c. 1536–1538^[1] Wilmcote, England
Died	September 1608 (1609) (aged c. 70) Stratford-upon-Avon, England
Burial place	Church of the Holy Trinity, Stratford-upon-Avon
Spouse	John Shakespeare (m. 1557–1601; his death)
Children	8, including William, Gilbert, Joan and Edmund
Father	Robert Arden

Mary Shakespeare (née Arden; c. 1537 — September 1608)^[a] was the mother of William Shakespeare.

Biography

Mary was born about 1536 in Wilmcote, the daughter of Robert Arden, a gentleman farmer and junior descendant of the Arden family,^[4]^[5] who were prominent in Warwickshire. She was the youngest of eight daughters, and when her father died in 1556 she inherited land at Snitterfield and Wilmcote from him as a dowry. The house was left to her stepmother Agnes Hill. Richard Shakespeare, the father of John Shakespeare, was a tenant farmer on land owned by her father in Snitterfield. As the daughter of Richard's landlord, she may have known John since childhood.^[6] Mary married John Shakespeare in 1557, when she was 20 years old and her spouse was approximately 26 years old.^[6] She bore eight children: Joan (1558), Margaret (1562–1563), William (1564–1616), Gilbert (1566–1612), Joan (1569–1646), Anne (1571–1579), Richard (1574–1613), and Edmund (1580–1607).^[7] Though Mary gave birth to many children, several of them died young. Their first daughter, Joan, born 1558 died; the name being used again for their third daughter. Their second daughter, Margaret, also died in infancy.^[6] Some members of the wider Arden family were of the Catholic faith.^[6] John died in 1601 and Mary died in September 1608.^[3]

Mary was born into a family of status and her ancestors were well connected in society, including Thomas Arden, who fought in the Second Barons' War (1264–67) on the side of Simon de Montfort; Robert Arden who fought in the Wars of the Roses, and John Arden who served at the court of Henry VII.^[6]

Mary Arden's House in Wilmcote was maintained in good condition as a working farmhouse, until it was bought by the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust in 1930 and refurnished in the Tudor period style.^[8] In 2000 it was discovered that the building preserved as Mary Arden's house had belonged to a friend and neighbour, Adam Palmer, and the house was accordingly renamed Palmer's Farm. The house that had belonged to the Arden family – which was near to Palmer's Farm – had been acquired by the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust in 1968 for preservation as part of a farmyard, without knowing its true provenance.^[9] The house and farm are open as a historic museum displaying 16th-century life.

Notes

^ English personal names were not spelled consistently in the Tudor period; Mary's name is recorded variously as Marye Shackspere, Mayry Shaxspere.^[2]^[3]

References

^ "Mary Arden". Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.
^ "Conveyance by John and Mary Shakespeare to Robert Webbe, for £4, of their share in two messuages in Snitterfield". Shakespeare Documented.
^ ^a ^b "Parish register entry recording Mary Arden Shakespeare's burial". Shakespeare Documented.
^ Burke's Landed Gentry, 18th ed., vol. 2, 1969, ed. Peter Townend, 'Arden formerly of Longcroft' pedigree
^ Shakespeare, Anthony Burgess, Vintage Books, chapter 1, 'Home'
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Wood, Michael. Shakespeare. New York: Basic, 2003. Print.
^ A Shakespeare Genealogy Archived March 29, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
^ "Mary Arden's House (the mother of William Shakespeare)". Online Shakespeare.
^ The Shakespeare Houses – The Official Guide, Revised 2008, ISBN 978-0-7117-2949-0

William Shakespeare's family tree

Direct ascendants and descendants of William Shakespeare are shown with a blue background

Shakespeare's siblings are shown with a red background

Anne Hathaway and ascendants are shown with a yellow background

People related to Shakespeare only through marriage are shown with a green background

Relations whose identity is not known are shown with a dashed border

Years given are usually approximate and typically reflect baptismal and burial years, rather than birth and death.

For remarriages, the number in parentheses after the name indicates the order of the marriages.

Richard
Shakespeare
(1490–before 1561)

(unknown)

Robert
Arden
(died 1556)

John
Shakespeare
(c. 1531–1601)

Mary
Arden
(c. 1537–1608)

(unknown) (1)

Richard
Hathaway
(–1581)

Joan
Hathaway (2)
(–1599)

Joan
(1558–1558)

Margaret
(1562–1563)

Gilbert
Shakespeare
(1566–1612)

Joan
Shakespeare
(1569–1646)

William
Shakespeare
(1564–1616)

Anne
Hathaway
(1555–1623)

Anne
(1571–1579)

Richard
(1574–1613)

Edmund
Shakespeare
(1580–1607)

John
Hall
(1575–1635)

Susanna
Hall
(1583–1649)

Judith
Quiney
(1585–1662)

Thomas
Quiney
(1589–1662)

Hamnet
Shakespeare
(1585–1596)

Thomas
Nash (1)
(1593–1647)

Elisabeth
Barnard
(1608–1670)

John
Barnard (2)
(1604–1674)

Shakespeare
Quiney
(1616–1617)

Richard
Quiney
(1618–1639)

Thomas
Quiney
(1620–1639)

Sources

Chambers, E. K. (1930). William Shakespeare: A Study of Facts and Problems. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. Vol. I 11–12, 18, Vol. II 8–9. OCLC 353406.
Schoenbaum, S. (1977). William Shakespeare: A Compact Documentary Life. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 292. ISBN 0195051610.

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