Martinair

Martinair
Founded	24 May 1958; 66 years ago
Hubs	Amsterdam Airport Schiphol
Frequent-flyer program	Flying Blue
Fleet size	4
Destinations	12
Parent company	KLM
Headquarters	Haarlemmermeer, Netherlands
Key people	Marcel de Nooijer (CEO)
Founder	Martin Schröder
Website	www.martinair.com

Martinair (legally Martinair Holland N.V.) is a Dutch cargo and passenger airline headquartered and based at Amsterdam Airport Schiphol and a subsidiary of Air France–KLM. The airline was founded in 1958 by Martin Schröder. Since 2011, Martinair has operated entirely as a cargo airline with scheduled services to 20 destinations^[1] worldwide and additional charter flights. Prior to that date, passenger flights were also operated.

History

Early years

The airline was founded on 24 May 1958 as Martin's Air Charter (MAC), by Martin Schröder and John Block, with one aircraft, a de Havilland Dove, and five employees.^[2] In 1963 Mr. Schröder sold 49% of the company to four equal shipping company shareholders (12.25% each, these eventually combining as Nedlloyd). KLM would later purchase the 50+% that Mr. Schröder owned, buying him out.

The name was changed to Martinair Holland in 1966. A healthy boost came in 1967 with the opening of business to the United States. Martinair became all jet-powered in 1971.^[3]

In 1991, the first aircraft with the Martinair Cargo name was introduced, and Holland was dropped from all aircraft. In 1996, Martinair bought a 40% stake in Colombian cargo carrier TAMPA Cargo, based in Medellín, which was increased to 58% in 2003. The share in TAMPA was sold in February 2008 to Avianca, a Colombian company.

Martinair president and CEO Martin Schröder, who received the Tony Jannus Award in 1995 for his contributions to commercial aviation, retired in 1998 from day-to-day activities. Also that year, the European Commission in Brussels refused KLM's offer to purchase Nedlloyd's shares, which would have made KLM the sole owner.

The first McDonnell Douglas MD-11 was delivered in December 1994. Throughout the next three years, six other brand-new MD-11s were delivered to Martinair. In total four McDonnell Douglas MD-11CFs (convertible freighter) and two full freighters were delivered.^[4]^[5] Martinair was the launch customer of the convertible freighter. In 2004 another MD-11F was added to the fleet, this one was previously owned by Swissair, and then converted to full freighter.^[6] From 1995 to 2006 some of the convertible MD-11 were reconfigured to transport passengers in the high passenger peaks during the summer period. The passenger configuration was fitted with 390 seats.^[7] After 2006 the demand lowered and Martinair did not need extra seats anymore.

Development since the 2000s

In 2006 Martinair purchased four Boeing 747-400s from Singapore Airlines. These passenger planes were converted to freighters to replace the older Boeing 747-200Fs.

In June 2007, Martinair announced that it wanted one shareholder, preferably KLM, and in 2008 permission was obtained from the European Commission. The transfer of remaining shares took place on 31 December 2008.^[8] In November 2007, Martinair ceased its short-haul operations to concentrate on its cargo activities and intercontinental flights.

In 2009 three out of the four 747s were stored because of the economic crisis. In September 2010, a restructuring was announced which would involve dropping all passenger services from November 2011, which will be partly taken over by KLM, and leaving only cargo services.^[9] In November 2010, the European Commission fined Martinair €29.5 million, following an investigation into price-fixing.^[10]

At the end of 2010, two of the 747-400s were leased to Air Cargo Germany.^[11]^[12] The remaining 747 (PH-MPS) returned into service in May 2011 with an untitled colour scheme, because Martinair wasn't sure yet if the plane would remain operating for them.^[13]

In October 2011, Martinair ceased passenger service, which it had operated since its founding in 1958. Martinair had passenger service throughout Europe, the Americas, Asia, and Africa from Amsterdam. The last passenger flight took place on 31 October 2011, leaving it as a freight carrier only until today.^[14]

In March 2015, Air France-KLM announced an intention to shrink their dedicated cargo operations. Therefore, all of Martinair's McDonnell Douglas MD-11Fs were phased out by 2016 without replacement. Additionally, 330 jobs might be cut due to the downsizing.^[15]

Corporate affairs

Offices

Martinair has its head office in the TransPort Building, Schiphol East,^[16] on the grounds of Amsterdam Airport Schiphol, Haarlemmermeer, Netherlands.^[17] Martinair moved to its current head office on Friday 4 June 2010.^[16] The TransPort Building, developed by Schiphol Real Estate, houses both Martinair and Transavia,^[18] which moved into TransPort on 3 May 2010.^[19]

Construction on the building, which has 10,800 square metres (116,000 sq ft) of lettable space, began on 17 March 2009. Schiphol Group and the architect firm Paul de Ruiter designed the building, while De Vries and Verburg, a firm of Stolwijk, constructed the building.^[20] The Dutch Green Building Council awarded its first Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM-NL) certificate to Schiphol Real Estate for building the TransPort Building.^[18] In 2011 the United States Green Building Council awarded TransPort the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification.^[21] A parking facility is located beneath the TransPort building, with parking available by payment.^[22]

The airline previously occupied the Schiphol Center (Dutch: Schiphol Centrum) at Schiphol Airport.^[23]^[24]^[25]^[26] After Martinair moved into the new building, Martinair sold its old head office back to the airport.^[23]

In addition to its headquarters at Amsterdam Airport Schiphol, Martinair operates offices around the globe. The first international office has been opened in Hong Kong in 1975. Martinair USA, later Martinair Americas Originally operated in New York City, but the USA operations office moved to Boca Raton, Florida, in the Miami Metropolitan Area in 1993. This office moved again^{[citation needed]} and is currently located in Doral, Florida, in the Miami area.^[27] This office is located in the Doral Corporate Center One.^[28]^[29]^[30]

Subsidiaries

The Martinair Flight Academy^[31] was a flight academy that was based at Lelystad Airport for both private pilot training and airline transport pilot training. It was moved to Groningen Airport in the spring of 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic to be integrated with the KLM Flight Academy. At the time when they moved to Groningen, MFA operated a fleet of four Socata TB-10s (registered PH-MLO, PH-MLQ, PH-MLR and PH-MLS), two Socata TB-20s (registered PH-MLK and PH-MLL)^[31] and a single Diamond DA-42NG Twin Star Platinum (registered PH-MFA), which was added to the fleet in 2011.^[32] Additional training was provided by an Alsim 200 FNPT-II MCC simulator.

Additionally, Martinair operates the Regional Jet Center, a technical service center for aircraft maintenance.^[33]

Destinations

As of November 2022 Martinair operates scheduled freight services within the Air France-KLM cargo network from Amsterdam-Schiphol to 12 destinations in Africa, North and South America.^[1] as well as additional charters. The company ended its additional passenger operations in October 2011 after 53 years of service.

Fleet

Current fleet

As of November 2022, the Martinair fleet consists of the following aircraft:^[34]^[35]

**Martinair fleet**
Aircraft	In service	On order	Cargo capacity	Notes
Airbus A350F	—	4	TBA	Deliveries from 2026. To replace the Boeing 747-400BCF and Boeing 747-400ERF.^[36]
Boeing 747-400BCF	1	—	113,489 kg	Sole aircraft wearing Martinair livery.
Boeing 747-400ERF	3^[37]	—	124,012 kg	Wearing KLM Cargo livery with 'Operated by Martinair' decals.
Total	4	4

Additional freight aircraft are jointly operated under the Air France-KLM Cargo brand, in which Martinair participates.^[38]

Former fleet

Martinair previously operated the following aircraft:^{[citation needed]}

**Martinair fleet**
Aircraft	Fleet	Introduced	Retired	Notes
Airbus A310-200	2	1984	1995	Both sold to FedEx Express
Airbus A320-200	7	2003	2008
Boeing 737-800	3	2004	2007	Leased from Miami Air International
Boeing 747-200F	1	1991	2008
Boeing 747-200C	2	1987	2008
Boeing 747-200SF	1	2003	2006	Leased from Southern Air.
Boeing 747-300M	1	2000	2000	Leased from KLM
Boeing 747-300SF	1	2003	2007	Transferred from KLM Cargo. Former Boeing 747-200M/SUD aircraft.
Boeing 747-400BCF	3	2007	2017	One aircraft is currently stored
Boeing 757-200	2	1999	2004
Boeing 767-300ER	8	1990	2011
Fokker F28-1000 Fellowship	1	1969	1980
Douglas DC-8-30	3	1967	1975
Douglas DC-8-50	2	1972	1978
Douglas DC-8-50	1	1972	1974	Crashed as flight MP138
McDonnell Douglas DC-9-30	4	1968	1993
McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30CF	2	1980	1995
	2		1995	Sold to Royal Netherlands Air Force
	1		1992	Crashed as flight MP495
McDonnell Douglas MD-11CF	4	1994	2016	Two aircraft are currently stored
McDonnell Douglas MD-11F	3	1996	2014	Two aircraft are currently stored One aircraft was sold to FedEx Express
McDonnell Douglas MD-82	3	1981	1992

Incidents and accidents

On 4 December 1974, Martinair Flight 138, a Douglas DC-8, operating on behalf of Garuda Indonesia, flew into the side of a mountain while on landing approach in Colombo, Sri Lanka. All 191 passengers and crew on board were killed.^[39]
On 21 December 1992, Martinair Flight 495, a McDonnell Douglas DC-10, crashed during landing at Faro Airport, Portugal, killing 56 people (including two crew members) out of 340 on board.^[40] The cause of the accident was microburst-induced wind shear in combination with crew errors which included the continuation of an un-stabilized approach and the relative passivity of the captain.
On 30 August 2013 a Martinair Cargo MD-11 on an international flight from Rafael Hernandez Airport in Aguadilla, Puerto Rico, to London Stansted Airport in London, England, suffered substantial damage after a fire broke out on engine number one during its takeoff roll. While there were no injuries among the aircraft's crew, the airplane suffered damage on one engine, nacelles and structure. The takeoff was cancelled.^[41]
On 8 July 2019, Martinair PH-CKA, a Boeing 747-400 operating as Flight 8372 from O.R. Tambo International Airport to Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport in Harare, Zimbabwe lost part of a flap while on final approach for landing at the airport. The plane landed safely, and was eventually repaired on the ground.^[42]
On 14 January 2020, Martinair Flight 6912, a Boeing 747-400, was raided by customs officials at Ministro Pistarini International Airport in Ezeiza, Buenos Aires, Argentina, who found 84 kilograms (185 lb) of cocaine hidden between cargo pallets.^[43]

References

Citations

^ ^a ^b ^c afklcargo.com - Network Archived 2022-11-13 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 13 November 2022
^ Air International March 1973, pp. 122–123.
^ Short history of Martinair Archived 2011-09-27 at the Wayback Machine at Martinair.com
^ More Fleet Details Planespotters.net – Martinair
^ MD-11 Details Airfleets.net
^ PH-MCY general information Archived 2012-01-17 at the Wayback Machine Planesporrters.net – MD-11 information
^ Martinair's Corporate Video 2003 Starts at 4:00 information about the reconfiguration of the MD-11.
^ "KLM to become Martinair's sole shareholder", Martinair Media Releases page. Archived 2008-12-11 at the Wayback Machine Accessed: 18 December 2008
^ "Martinair to axe passenger operation next year". Flightglobal.com. 23 September 2010. Retrieved 24 September 2010.
^ "E.U. Fines 11 Airlines Over Billion in Cargo Cartel". The New York Times. 9 November 2010. Retrieved 10 November 2010.
^ History of the PH-MPQ Two Boeing 747s were leased to Air Cargo Germany
^ History of the PH-MPP Two Boeing 747s were leased to Air Cargo Germany
^ The Last 747 returns to service Archived 2011-08-07 at the Wayback Machine Luchtvaartnieuws.nl – Written in Dutch
^ "Laatste passagiersvlucht Martinair". Blik op Nieuws.nl. 31 October 2011. Archived from the original on 1 November 2011. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
^ "Martinair to phase out MD-11(F)s by June 2016; 330 jobs at stake". ch-aviation.com. Retrieved 12 January 2017.
^ ^a ^b "New visiting address Martinair Headquarters^{[permanent dead link]}." Martinair. Retrieved 16 February 2011. "Martinair’s head office will relocate to the new TransPort building at Schiphol East on Friday, June 4, 2010." and "Visiting address Martinair Holland N.V. Piet Guilonardweg 17 1117 EE Schiphol"
^ "Worldwide Offices Archived 2011-09-27 at the Wayback Machine." Martinair. Retrieved 16 February 2011. "Martinair HQ Postbus 7507 1118 ZG Schiphol Airport "
^ ^a ^b "New building Martinair Headquarters^{[permanent dead link]}." Martinair. Retrieved 16 February 2011.
^ "Proud of our new energy-saving head office." Public Report 2009/2010 Archived 2011-07-17 at the Wayback Machine. Transavia.com. 8 (8/13). Retrieved 16 February 2011.
^ "Schiphol Real Estate delivers "TransPort" sustainable office building Archived 2014-01-06 at the Wayback Machine." (PDF) Schiphol Group. Retrieved Wednesday February 16, 2011.
^ "Schiphol awarded first LEED Platinum certification for sustainable construction in the Netherlands Archived 2011-07-24 at the Wayback Machine." Schiphol Group. 17 January 2011. Retrieved 16 February 2011.
^ "Visiting address and directions." Transavia. Retrieved 7 February 2011. "Piet Guilonardweg 15: TransPort Building 1117 EE Schiphol Airport PO Box 7777, 1118 ZM Schiphol Airport (NL)."
^ ^a ^b "History Archived 2011-09-27 at the Wayback Machine." Martinair. Retrieved 16 February 2011.
^ "Geschiedenis Archived 2011-10-27 at the Wayback Machine." Martinair. Retrieved 16 February 2011.
^ "Martinair Customer Contact Center Archived 2010-12-18 at the Wayback Machine." Martinair. Retrieved 16 February 2011. "Martinair Holland N.V. Havenmeesterweg 201 1118 CD Schiphol Centrum The Netherlands"
^ "Colofon." Jaar Verslag 2006 Annual Report 2007 Archived 2010-02-10 at the Wayback Machine." Martinair. Retrieved 16 February 2011. "Martinair Holland N.V. Havenmeesterweg 201 Postbus 7507 1118 ZG Luchthaven Schip"
^ "Martinair Customer Contact Center" (). Martinair. February 17, 2010. Retrieved September 21, 2014. Martinair, the Americas Americas Headquarters 8750 NW 36th Street, Suite 300 Doral, FL 33178"
^ "Worldwide Offices" (). Martinair. Retrieved March 8, 2009. "Martinair, the Americas Americas Headquarters 8750 NW 36th Street, Suite 300 Doral, FL 33178"
^ "Doral Corporate Center Archived 2014-10-14 at the Wayback Machine." Hines Interests Limited Partnership. Retrieved September 6, 2009.
^ Bowden, Marilyn. "Hines buys Doral Corporate Center for $55.75 million." Miami Today. Week of December 7, 2006. Retrieved September 6, 2009.
^ ^a ^b Martinair. "Vliegschool Martinair Flight Academy". martinairvliegschool.nl. Archived from the original on 8 April 2016. Retrieved 12 January 2017.
^ Photo of delivery-flight. airliners.net. October 7, 2011.
^ "Regional Jet Center Martinair technical maintenance". RegionalJetCenter.org. Martinair. Retrieved 12 January 2017.
^ "Martinair Holland Fleet Details and History". Planespotters.net. Retrieved 13 November 2022.
^ "ILT Aircraft registrations / Luchtvaartuigregister". ilent.nl. Archived from the original on 8 October 2021. Retrieved 8 October 2021.
^ "Air France-KLM orders new Airbus freighter, passenger aircraft". Reuters. 27 January 2023.
^ "ILT Aircraft registrations / Luchtvaartuigregister". ilent.nl. Archived from the original on 8 October 2021. Retrieved 8 October 2021.
^ "AIR FRANCE KLM MARTINAIR Cargo - Our Fleet". afklcargo.com. Retrieved 12 January 2017.
^ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Douglas DC-8-55F PH-MBH Maskeliya". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 12 January 2017.
^ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30CF PH-MBN Faro Airport (FAO)". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 12 January 2017.
^ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft 30-AUG-2013 McDonnell Douglas MD-11F PH-MCW". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 12 January 2017.
^ "Martin Boeing 747-400 at Harare on Jul 8th 2019, dropped part of flaps". AeroInside. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
^ admin (2020-01-15). "Eighty kilos of coke in Martinair Cargo aircraft, three Dutch crew members arrested | Abroad". MbS News. Retrieved 2020-01-17.^{[permanent dead link]}

Bibliography

"A Sheep With Five Legs", Air Enthusiast, vol. 4, Bromley, England: Fine Scroll, March 1973, pp. 121–124, 146

External links

Media related to Martinair at Wikimedia Commons

[officialnetworkmap-1] rgo.com - Network Archived 2022-11-13 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 13 November 2022

[Sheep_p122-3-2] Air International March 1973, pp. 122–123.

[3] Short history of Martinair Archived 2011-09-27 at the Wayback Machine at Martinair.com

[4] More Fleet Details Planespotters.net – Martinair

[5] MD-11 Details Airfleets.net

[6] PH-MCY general information Archived 2012-01-17 at the Wayback Machine Planesporrters.net – MD-11 information

[7] Martinair's Corporate Video 2003 Starts at 4:00 information about the reconfiguration of the MD-11.

[8] "KLM to become Martinair's sole shareholder", Martinair Media Releases page. Archived 2008-12-11 at the Wayback Machine Accessed: 18 December 2008

[9] "Martinair to axe passenger operation next year". Flightglobal.com. 23 September 2010. Retrieved 24 September 2010.

[10] "E.U. Fines 11 Airlines Over Billion in Cargo Cartel". The New York Times. 9 November 2010. Retrieved 10 November 2010.

[11] History of the PH-MPQ Two Boeing 747s were leased to Air Cargo Germany

[12] History of the PH-MPP Two Boeing 747s were leased to Air Cargo Germany

[13] The Last 747 returns to service Archived 2011-08-07 at the Wayback Machine Luchtvaartnieuws.nl – Written in Dutch

[14] "Laatste passagiersvlucht Martinair". Blik op Nieuws.nl. 31 October 2011. Archived from the original on 1 November 2011. Retrieved 1 November 2011.

[ch-aviation.com-15] "Martinair to phase out MD-11(F)s by June 2016; 330 jobs at stake". ch-aviation.com. Retrieved 12 January 2017.

[newvis-16] "New visiting address Martinair Headquarters^{[permanent dead link]}." Martinair. Retrieved 16 February 2011. "Martinair’s head office will relocate to the new TransPort building at Schiphol East on Friday, June 4, 2010." and "Visiting address Martinair Holland N.V. Piet Guilonardweg 17 1117 EE Schiphol"

[17] "Worldwide Offices Archived 2011-09-27 at the Wayback Machine." Martinair. Retrieved 16 February 2011. "Martinair HQ Postbus 7507 1118 ZG Schiphol Airport "

[Newbuild-18] "New building Martinair Headquarters^{[permanent dead link]}." Martinair. Retrieved 16 February 2011.

[19] "Proud of our new energy-saving head office." Public Report 2009/2010 Archived 2011-07-17 at the Wayback Machine. Transavia.com. 8 (8/13). Retrieved 16 February 2011.

[20] "Schiphol Real Estate delivers "TransPort" sustainable office building Archived 2014-01-06 at the Wayback Machine." (PDF) Schiphol Group. Retrieved Wednesday February 16, 2011.

[21] "Schiphol awarded first LEED Platinum certification for sustainable construction in the Netherlands Archived 2011-07-24 at the Wayback Machine." Schiphol Group. 17 January 2011. Retrieved 16 February 2011.

[Transaviavisiting-22] "Visiting address and directions." Transavia. Retrieved 7 February 2011. "Piet Guilonardweg 15: TransPort Building 1117 EE Schiphol Airport PO Box 7777, 1118 ZM Schiphol Airport (NL)."

[Martinhist-23] "History Archived 2011-09-27 at the Wayback Machine." Martinair. Retrieved 16 February 2011.

[24] "Geschiedenis Archived 2011-10-27 at the Wayback Machine." Martinair. Retrieved 16 February 2011.

[25] "Martinair Customer Contact Center Archived 2010-12-18 at the Wayback Machine." Martinair. Retrieved 16 February 2011. "Martinair Holland N.V. Havenmeesterweg 201 1118 CD Schiphol Centrum The Netherlands"

[26] "Colofon." Jaar Verslag 2006 Annual Report 2007 Archived 2010-02-10 at the Wayback Machine." Martinair. Retrieved 16 February 2011. "Martinair Holland N.V. Havenmeesterweg 201 Postbus 7507 1118 ZG Luchthaven Schip"

[27] "Martinair Customer Contact Center" (). Martinair. February 17, 2010. Retrieved September 21, 2014. Martinair, the Americas Americas Headquarters 8750 NW 36th Street, Suite 300 Doral, FL 33178"

[28] "Worldwide Offices" (). Martinair. Retrieved March 8, 2009. "Martinair, the Americas Americas Headquarters 8750 NW 36th Street, Suite 300 Doral, FL 33178"

[29] "Doral Corporate Center Archived 2014-10-14 at the Wayback Machine." Hines Interests Limited Partnership. Retrieved September 6, 2009.

[30] Bowden, Marilyn. "Hines buys Doral Corporate Center for $55.75 million." Miami Today. Week of December 7, 2006. Retrieved September 6, 2009.

[Martinair-31] Martinair. "Vliegschool Martinair Flight Academy". martinairvliegschool.nl. Archived from the original on 8 April 2016. Retrieved 12 January 2017.

[32] Photo of delivery-flight. airliners.net. October 7, 2011.

[33] "Regional Jet Center Martinair technical maintenance". RegionalJetCenter.org. Martinair. Retrieved 12 January 2017.

[34] "Martinair Holland Fleet Details and History". Planespotters.net. Retrieved 13 November 2022.

[35] "ILT Aircraft registrations / Luchtvaartuigregister". ilent.nl. Archived from the original on 8 October 2021. Retrieved 8 October 2021.

[36] "Air France-KLM orders new Airbus freighter, passenger aircraft". Reuters. 27 January 2023.

[37] "ILT Aircraft registrations / Luchtvaartuigregister". ilent.nl. Archived from the original on 8 October 2021. Retrieved 8 October 2021.

[38] "AIR FRANCE KLM MARTINAIR Cargo - Our Fleet". afklcargo.com. Retrieved 12 January 2017.

[39] Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Douglas DC-8-55F PH-MBH Maskeliya". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 12 January 2017.

[40] Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30CF PH-MBN Faro Airport (FAO)". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 12 January 2017.

[41] Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft 30-AUG-2013 McDonnell Douglas MD-11F PH-MCW". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 12 January 2017.

[42] "Martin Boeing 747-400 at Harare on Jul 8th 2019, dropped part of flaps". AeroInside. Retrieved 26 October 2020.

[43] (2020-01-15). "Eighty kilos of coke in Martinair Cargo aircraft, three Dutch crew members arrested | Abroad". MbS News. Retrieved 2020-01-17.^{[permanent dead link]}

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]

[35]

[36]

[37]

[38]

[39]

[40]

[41]

[42]

[43]

Martinair

History

Early years

Development since the 2000s

Corporate affairs

Offices

Subsidiaries

Destinations

Fleet

Current fleet

Former fleet

Incidents and accidents

References

Citations

Bibliography

External links

Read other articles:

Daftar katedral di Haiti

Gusnar Ismail

أرمينيا في بطولة العالم للألعاب المائية 2017

Mikael Uhre

Geografía de California

Меморіальний міст Майка О'Каллагана — Пета Тіллмана

Birecik

Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of Saint Josaphat in Parma

Anthony Milford

Tim Fountain

Brain Records

Dynamite (fight song)

أساطير غوارانية

Carrefour Brazil

Fenwick Island, Delaware

List of vetoed United Nations Security Council resolutions

教皇ユリウス2世の肖像

Dallas Dingoes

GURPS Cyberpunk Adventures

Burg Hohenfels (Oberpfalz)