Marcus Bean

Marcus Bean
Personal information
Full name Marcus Tristan Bean[1]
Date of birth (1984-01-02) 2 January 1984 (age 40)[2]
Place of birth Hammersmith, England
Height 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in)[3]
Position(s) Midfielder
Youth career
1995–2002 Queens Park Rangers
Senior career*
Years Team Apps (Gls)
2002–2006 Queens Park Rangers 67 (2)
2005Swansea City (loan) 8 (0)
2005Swansea City (loan) 9 (1)
2006–2008 Blackpool 23 (1)
2007Rotherham United (loan) 12 (1)
2008–2012 Brentford 144 (14)
2012–2015 Colchester United 69 (5)
2014–2015Portsmouth (loan) 6 (1)
2015–2019 Wycombe Wanderers 106 (3)
Total 444 (28)
International career
2011 Jamaica 1 (0)
*Club domestic league appearances and goals

Marcus Tristam Bean (born 2 January 1984) is a retired professional footballer who played as a midfielder in the English Football League, most notably for Brentford and Wycombe Wanderers. Born in England, he represented Jamaica at full international level.

Club career

Early career

Born in Hammersmith, London, Bean started his youth career at local club St Joseph's, where he excelled playing his role in centre midfield, before deciding on moving on to successful youth club Northolt Villa. He captained the club to multiple trophies with dynamic midfield displays, regularly winning player of the season awards before eventually being scouted and moving to his first professional club, Queens Park Rangers at eleven years old.[4]

Queens Park Rangers

Coming up through the youth ranks with QPR, Bean made his debut as a substitute at Wycombe in August 2002 only to suffer the ignominy of a second half red card in a game that saw four players receive their marching orders.[5] His first start came in a comprehensive 4–0 victory at Mansfield a fortnight later and although he made only eight league and cup appearances throughout 2002–03, his obvious talent and composure mark him out as a great prospect for the future.

Bean was a member of the Second Division promotion winning squad of 2003–04 and saw him awarded Rangers' Young Player of the Year,[5] an accolade he earned with his energetic style and break-up play, which allowed the more skilled-of-foot to create the play which saw Rangers' promoted to the Championship.[6]

After limited chances to play first team football came his way, Bean took up two loan spells to Swansea during 2005.[6] He made 17 league appearances for the Swans in both stints scoring one goal.[7]

Blackpool

Bean did not make a first-team appearance for Blackpool between the Seasiders' 4–2 win over Aldershot in the third round of the FA Cup on 6 January 2007 and their 3–1 league victory at Bradford City on 26 March, and joined Rotherham United on a one-month loan on 9 August 2007.[8][9] The loan was extended until the end of October, and "Beano" scored his first goal for the Millers in their 3–2 win over Mansfield Town.

It was a frustrating second season with Blackpool for Bean, after helping them avoid relegation in his first and assisting them in promotion to the championship in his second, although playing a limited number of games and considering retiring from football.[5] On 7 May 2008, Bean was released by Blackpool.[10]

Brentford

Brentford signed Bean in the summer of 2008 after he was released by Blackpool.[5] He was part of the Brentford squad that won the League Two championship in 2008–09 and scored 9 goals from midfield. He notched up his 100th Football League appearance for Brentford on the final day of the 2010–11 season and passed 150 appearances for The Bees in all competitions. His form at the start of the 2011–12 season earned him a call-up to the Jamaican national squad.[11] Following his retirement from football in 2019,[12] Bean returned to Brentford as a scout.[13]

Colchester United

On 8 June 2012, Bean signed for Colchester United on a three-year deal following his release from Brentford.[14] He made his debut for the Essex club on 18 August 2012 in a 0–0 League One draw with Preston North End[15] He scored his first goal for Colchester on 22 October 2013 in a 1–1 draw with Shrewsbury Town at the New Meadow.[16] He netted the opening goal in a 2–2 draw at his former club Rotherham on 2 November for his second goal,[17] and scored his third for the season in a 4–2 win against Carlisle United at Brunton Park on 18 January 2014.[18] Bean's scoring form continued by grabbing a consolation goal as Colchester fell to a 2–1 defeat at Leyton Orient on 1 March.[19] On 26 April, he scored the opening goal in a 4–1 win against his former club, who were already promoted from League One,[5] in a result that meant that Colchester were all but safe from relegation.[20]

Portsmouth loan

On 21 November 2014 Bean joined League Two club Portsmouth on loan until 3 January 2015.[21] He made his debut on 22 November in Pompey's 3–0 home win over Morecambe.[22] He scored his first goal for Portsmouth in his third game for the club, netting a curling effort in a 3–2 defeat to Accrington Stanley on 13 December.[23]

Wycombe Wanderers

On 9 January 2015, he signed for League 2 club Wycombe Wanderers on an 18-month contract after being released by Colchester United. Bean had just returned to Colchester having had a short loan spell at fellow League 2 club Portsmouth. Portsmouth had also expressed an interest in signing Bean but only on a short-term basis. Bean opted for Wycombe and linking up again with Gareth Ainsworth, whom he knows from his QPR days.[24] He was released by Wycombe at the end of the 2018–19 season.[25] He announced his retirement in July 2019.[12]

International career

Bean made a single appearance for Jamaica in a 2–1 game against Honduras in October 2011.[26] He came on as a substitute with 15 minutes to go as the "Reggae Boyz" recorded a fifth straight defeat .[27]

Career statistics

Club

Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
Club Season League FA Cup League Cup Other Total
Division Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals
Queens Park Rangers 2002–03[28] Second Division 7 0 0 0 0 0 1[a] 0 8 0
2003–04[29] Second Division 31 1 1 0 1 0 3[a] 0 36 1
2004–05[30] Championship 20 1 1 0 1 0 22 1
2005–06[31] Championship 9 0 0 0 1 0 10 0
Total 67 2 2 0 3 0 4 0 76 2
Swansea City (loan) 2004–05[30] League Two 8 0 8 0
Swansea City (loan) 2005–06[31] League One 9 1 0 0 0 0 9 1
Total 17 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 1
Blackpool 2005–06[31] League One 17 1 17 1
2006–07[32] League One 6 0 2 0 1 0 1[a] 0 10 0
2007–08[33] Championship 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 23 1 2 0 1 0 1 0 27 1
Rotherham United (loan) 2007–08[33] League Two 12 1 0 0 2[a] 0 14 1
Brentford 2008–09[34] League Two 44 9 2 0 1 0 1[a] 0 48 9
2009–10[35] League One 31 0 4 0 0 0 1[a] 0 36 0
2010–11[36] League One 37 3 1 0 4 1 5[a] 0 47 4
2011–12[37] League One 32 2 1 0 1 0 3[a] 0 37 2
Total 144 14 8 0 6 1 10 0 168 15
Colchester United 2012–13[38] League One 31 0 1 0 0 0 1[a] 0 33 0
2013–14[39] League One 35 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 36 5
2014–15[40] League One 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 4 0
Total 69 5 2 0 1 0 1 0 73 5
Portsmouth (loan) 2014–15[40] League Two 6 1 6 1
Wycombe Wanderers 2014–15[40] League Two 17 0 0 0 0 0 3[b] 0 20 0
2015–16[41] League Two 30 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 32 0
2016–17[42] League Two 19 0 2 0 0 0 6[c] 0 27 0
2017–18[43] League Two 31 2 2 0 1 0 2[c] 0 36 2
2018–19[44] League One 9 1 1 0 1 0 3[c] 0 14 1
Total 106 3 6 0 3 0 14 0 129 3
Career total 444 28 20 0 14 1 32 0 510 29
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Appearance(s) in Football League Trophy
  2. ^ Appearances in League Two play-offs
  3. ^ a b c Appearances in EFL Trophy

International

Appearances and goals by national team and year[26]
National team Year Apps Goals
Jamaica 2011 1 0
Total 1 0

Honours

Queens Park Rangers

Blackpool

Brentford

Wycombe Wanderers

Individual

References

  1. ^ "Professional Retain List & Free Transfers 2012/13" (PDF). The Football League. p. 31. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 July 2013. Retrieved 29 September 2014.
  2. ^ "Marcus-Tweet". MarcusBean. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
  3. ^ "SoccerBase". SoccerBase. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
  4. ^ "Marcus Bean – Brentford". GFDB. Archived from the original on 13 February 2018. Retrieved 10 August 2007.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h "History Boys: Marcus Bean". www.brentfordfc.com. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
  6. ^ a b "QPR Player Profiles – Marcus Bean". qpr.co.uk. Archived from the original on 11 April 2018. Retrieved 9 June 2012.
  7. ^ "Swansea City Player Profiles – Marcus Bean". swanseacity.net. Archived from the original on 11 April 2018. Retrieved 9 June 2012.
  8. ^ "Marcus Bean signs for Millers". 9 August 2007. Archived from the original on 11 April 2018. Retrieved 10 August 2007.
  9. ^ "Bean set to join Rotherham". Blackpool Gazette. 9 August 2007. Retrieved 10 August 2007.
  10. ^ "Retained List Latest". Blackpool F.C. 7 May 2008. Archived from the original on 11 April 2018. Retrieved 7 May 2008.
  11. ^ "Brentford Player Profiles – Marcus Bean". brentfordfc.co.uk. Archived from the original on 11 April 2018. Retrieved 9 June 2012.
  12. ^ a b Bean, Marcus (30 July 2019). "Thankyou". @MarcusBean. Retrieved 30 July 2019.
  13. ^ "Marcus Bean". www.brentfordfc.com. Retrieved 5 June 2023.
  14. ^ "U's Flash: Dynamic Bean Is First Addition". cu-fc.co.uk. 8 June 2012. Archived from the original on 11 April 2018. Retrieved 9 June 2012.
  15. ^ "U's good for battling point at Preston". EADT. 18 August 2012. Retrieved 18 August 2012.
  16. ^ "Shrewsbury 1–1 Colchester". BBC Sport. 22 October 2013. Retrieved 23 October 2013.
  17. ^ "Rotherham 2–2 Colchester". BBC Sport. 2 November 2013. Retrieved 18 January 2014.
  18. ^ "Carlisle 2–4 Colchester". BBC Sport. 18 January 2014. Retrieved 18 January 2014.
  19. ^ "Leyton Orient 2–1 Colchester". BBC Sport. 1 March 2014. Retrieved 2 March 2014.
  20. ^ "Colchester 4–1 Brentford". BBC Sport. 26 April 2014. Retrieved 27 April 2014.
  21. ^ "Bean and Fish arrive on loan". Portsmouth FC. 21 November 2014. Retrieved 21 November 2014.
  22. ^ "Portsmouth 3–0 Morecambe". BBC Sport. 22 November 2014. Retrieved 24 November 2014.
  23. ^ "Portsmouth 2–3 Accrington". BBC Sport. 13 December 2014. Retrieved 18 December 2014.
  24. ^ "Marcus Bean: Wycombe sign midfielder after Colchester exit". BBC Sport. BBC. 9 January 2015. Retrieved 9 January 2015.
  25. ^ "Adebayo Akinfenwa: Wycombe Wanderers offer striker new deal as six depart". BBC Sport. 8 May 2019. Retrieved 9 May 2019.
  26. ^ a b "Marcus Bean". National Football Teams. Benjamin Strack-Zimmermann. Retrieved 9 June 2012.
  27. ^ "Brentford midfielder makes international debut". The Docklands & East London Advertiser. 12 October 2011. Archived from the original on 20 April 2013. Retrieved 9 June 2012.
  28. ^ "Games played by Marcus Bean in 2002/2003". Soccerbase. Centurycomm. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
  29. ^ "Games played by Marcus Bean in 2003/2004". Soccerbase. Centurycomm. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
  30. ^ a b "Games played by Marcus Bean in 2004/2005". Soccerbase. Centurycomm. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
  31. ^ a b c "Games played by Marcus Bean in 2005/2006". Soccerbase. Centurycomm. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
  32. ^ "Games played by Marcus Bean in 2006/2007". Soccerbase. Centurycomm. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
  33. ^ a b "Games played by Marcus Bean in 2007/2008". Soccerbase. Centurycomm. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
  34. ^ "Games played by Marcus Bean in 2008/2009". Soccerbase. Centurycomm. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
  35. ^ "Games played by Marcus Bean in 2009/2010". Soccerbase. Centurycomm. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
  36. ^ "Games played by Marcus Bean in 2010/2011". Soccerbase. Centurycomm. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
  37. ^ "Games played by Marcus Bean in 2011/2012". Soccerbase. Centurycomm. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
  38. ^ "Games played by Marcus Bean in 2012/2013". Soccerbase. Centurycomm. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
  39. ^ "Games played by Marcus Bean in 2013/2014". Soccerbase. Centurycomm. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
  40. ^ a b c "Games played by Marcus Bean in 2014/2015". Soccerbase. Centurycomm. Retrieved 7 August 2014.
  41. ^ "Games played by Marcus Bean in 2015/2016". Soccerbase. Centurycomm. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
  42. ^ "Games played by Marcus Bean in 2016/2017". Soccerbase. Centurycomm. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
  43. ^ "Games played by Marcus Bean in 2017/2018". Soccerbase. Centurycomm. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
  44. ^ "Games played by Marcus Bean in 2018/2019". Soccerbase. Centurycomm. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
  45. ^ "League One Winners". Coludaybyday.co.uk. Retrieved 7 January 2013.
  46. ^ "League One Playoff Winners". Coludaybyday.co.uk. Retrieved 7 January 2013.
  47. ^ Shemilt, Stephan (3 April 2011). "Brentford 0–1 Carlisle United". BBC Sport. Retrieved 9 March 2024.
  48. ^ "Brentford | News | Latest News | Latest News | WELL DONE MARCUS". Archived from the original on 13 February 2018. Retrieved 10 June 2019.

Read other articles:

SanakuyNegara Burkina FasoWilayahBoucle du MouhounProvinsiProvinsi BanwaDepartemenDepartemen SolenzoPopulasi (2005) • Total2.327Zona waktuUTC+0 (GMT 0) Sanakuy adalah sebuah kota di Departemen Solenzo Provinsi Banwa di barat Burkina Faso. Pada tahun 2005 kota ini memiliki populasi 2.327.[1] Referensi ^ Liste des villages de al region de la Boucle du Mounhoun Error in webarchive template: Check |url= value. Empty., Burkinabé government inforoute communale, 2...

 

Japanese judoka Gunji KoizumiBorn(1885-07-08)8 July 1885Komatsuka Oaza, Ibaraki Prefecture, JapanDied15 April 1965(1965-04-15) (aged 79)Putney, London, United KingdomSuicideOther namesG.K.StyleJudoRank8th dan (Kodokan)Notable studentsCharles PalmerSarah Mayer Gunji Koizumi (小泉 軍治, Koizumi Gunji, 8 July 1885 – 15 April 1965), known affectionately by colleagues as G.K.,[1][2] was a Japanese master of judo who introduced this martial art to the United Kingdom,...

 

Period of Japanese history from 1336 to 1392 Northern and Southern Courts period redirects here. For other uses, see Northern and Southern Courts period (disambiguation).Part of a series on theHistory of JapanMount Yoshino ListPaleolithicbefore 14,000 BCJōmon14,000 – 1000 BCYayoi 1000 BC – 300 ADKofun 300 AD – 538 ADAsuka 538 – 710Nara 710 – 794HeianFormer Nine Years' WarLater Three-Year WarGenpei War 794–1185KamakuraJōkyū WarMongol invasionsGenkō WarKe...

Juliusz SłowackiBiographieNaissance 4 septembre 1809KremenetsDécès 3 avril 1849 (à 39 ans)Ancien 1er arrondissement de ParisSépulture Cimetière de Montmartre, cathédrale du WawelNationalité polonaiseFormation Université de VilniusActivités Poète, dramaturge, écrivain, traducteur, diplomate, philosophePériode d'activité 1830-1849Famille Słowacki-Leliwa (d)Père Euzebiusz Słowacki (d)Mère Salomea Slowacka (d)Autres informationsA travaillé pour Université de VilniusMembre...

 

Douglas Costa Douglas Costa con la nazionale brasiliana nel 2018 Nazionalità  Brasile Altezza 168 cm Peso 70 kg Calcio Ruolo Centrocampista, attaccante Squadra  Fluminense CarrieraGiovanili 2001-2002 Novo Hamburgo2002-2008 GrêmioSquadre di club1 2008-2010 Grêmio28 (2)[1]2010-2015 Šachtar141 (29)2015-2017 Bayern Monaco50 (8)2017-2020 Juventus73 (6)2020-2021→  Bayern Monaco11 (1)2021-2022→  Grêmio26 (3)2022-2023 LA Galaxy4...

 

Marché central de Goroka. 2004 La Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée est richement dotée de ressources naturelles, mais leur exploitation est entravée par le terrain accidenté et le coût élevé du développement de l'infrastructure. L'agriculture fournit une vie de subsistance pour 85 % de la population. Les dépôts de minerais, dont le pétrole, le cuivre, et l'or, contribuent à 72 % des recettes d'exportation. L'économie est en régression depuis 2000 mais s'est probablement lég...

Park KulturyStasiun Metro MoskwaLokasiJalan OstozhenkaDistrik KhamovnikiCentral Administrative OkrugMoskwaPemilikMoskovsky MetropolitenJalur!C  1  Jalur Sokolnicheskaya Jumlah peron1 peron pulauJumlah jalur2LayananTrolleybus: Б (B), 10, 28, 31, 31к, 79KonstruksiJenis strukturShallow column triple-spanKedalaman105 meter (344 ft)Tinggi peron1ParkirTidak adaFasilitas sepedaTidak adaInformasi lainKode stasiun013SejarahDibuka15 Mei 1935Nama sebelumnyaTsentralnyi Park Kul...

 

「アプリケーション」はこの項目へ転送されています。英語の意味については「wikt:応用」、「wikt:application」をご覧ください。 この記事には複数の問題があります。改善やノートページでの議論にご協力ください。 出典がまったく示されていないか不十分です。内容に関する文献や情報源が必要です。(2018年4月) 古い情報を更新する必要があります。(2021年3月)出...

 

American broadcaster (1950–2017) Alan ColmesColmes in 2014BornAlan Samuel Colmes(1950-09-24)September 24, 1950New York City, U.S.DiedFebruary 23, 2017(2017-02-23) (aged 66)New York City, U.S.EducationHofstra University (BA)Occupation(s)Television and radio host, political commentator, writer, bloggerEmployerFox News ChannelPolitical partyDemocraticSpouse Jocelyn Elise Crowley ​ ​(m. 2003)​Websitewww.alancolmes.com Alan Samuel Colmes (September 24, 19...

In ice hockey, an awarded goal is an unusual situation in which a goal is awarded to a team rather than scored. A penalty shot is a type of penalty awarded when a team loses a clear scoring opportunity on a breakaway because of a foul committed by an opposing player. The fouled player is given an attempt to score a goal without opposition from any defending players except the goaltender (goalie). However, when such a lost opportunity occurs and the opposing team has pulled its goalie to subst...

 

American journalist Merriman SmithSmith in 1962Born(1913-02-10)February 10, 1913Savannah, GeorgiaDiedApril 13, 1970(1970-04-13) (aged 57)Washington, D.C.NationalityAmericanOccupationJournalistAwardsPulitzer PrizePresidential Medal of Freedom Albert Merriman Smith (February 10, 1913 – April 13, 1970) was an American wire service reporter, notably serving as White House correspondent for United Press International and its predecessor, United Press. He won the Pulitzer Prize in 1964 for h...

 

Quarto CagninoLa chiesa di Sant’Elena Stato Italia Regione Lombardia Provincia Milano Città Milano CircoscrizioneMunicipio 7 Altitudine128 m s.l.m. Quarto CagninoQuarto Cagnino (Milano) Quarto Cagnino (Quart in dialetto milanese, IPA: ['kwart]) è un quartiere di Milano che si sviluppa nella periferia occidentale della città, appartenente al Municipio 7 distante poche centinaia di metri dallo Stadio San Siro, dal Parco di trenno, dal Boscoincittà e dal Parco delle cav...

Ketua Verkhovna Rada UkrainaГолова Верховної Ради УкраїниPetahanaRuslan Stefanchuksejak 8 Oktober 2021Ditunjuk olehParlemen melalui pemungutan suara rahasiaMasa jabatanMengundurkan diri, diberhentikan, atau pembentukan parlemen yang baruDasar hukumUndang-Undang Dasar Ukraina (Pasal 88) dan Aturan Prosedur Verkhovna RadaPendahuluKetua Komite Eksekutif Pusat (1917-1937)Ketua Presidium Verkhovna Rada RSS Ukraina (1937-1996)Pejabat perdanaMykhailo Burmystenko,30 Jan...

 

Ferrante SanseverinoIV Principe di SalernoStemma In carica2 novembre 1508 –1553 PredecessoreRoberto II Sanseverino SuccessoreConfisca regiaNicola Grimaldi (nel 1572) Altri titoliDuca di Villahermosa NascitaNapoli, 18 gennaio 1507 MorteOrange, 1568 PadreRoberto II Sanseverino MadreMarina d'Aragona di Villahermosa Il principe Ferrante Sanseverino, anche noto come Ferdinando Sanseverino (Napoli, 18 gennaio 1507 – Orange, 1568), appartenente alla nobile famiglia Sanseverino, fu l'u...

 

5th President of the Dominican Republic (1856–1856) You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Spanish. (February 2010) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the Spanish article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply cop...

Vous lisez un « bon article » labellisé en 2015. Équipe du Liechtenstein Généralités Association Fédération du Liechtenstein de football Confédération UEFA Couleurs Bleu et rouge Surnom Les Bleus-Rouges Stade principal Rheinpark Stadion Classement FIFA 199e (20 juin 2024)[1] Personnalités Sélectionneur Konrad Fünfstück[2] Capitaine Nicolas Hasler Plus sélectionné Peter Jehle (132) Meilleur buteur Mario Frick (16) Rencontres officielles historiques Premier match 14 ...

 

American politician (born 1961) Yvette M. AlexanderMember of the Council of the District of Columbia from Ward 7In officeJanuary 2, 2007 – January 3, 2017Preceded byVincent C. GraySucceeded byVincent C. Gray Personal detailsBorn (1961-10-01) October 1, 1961 (age 63)Washington, D.C., U.S.Political partyDemocraticAlma materHoward UniversityCommitteesHealth and Human Services, ChairEducation Yvette M. Alexander (born October 1, 1961,[1] in the District of Columbia[2&#...

 

Émile AcollasÉmile Acollas caricaturé par Henri Demare pour Les Hommes d'aujourd'hui, n°213, 1883.BiographieNaissance 25 juin 1826La ChâtreDécès 17 octobre 1891 (à 65 ans)Asnières-sur-SeineNom de naissance Pierre René Paul Émile AcollasNationalité Troisième République françaiseActivités Juriste, homme politique, journalisteAutres informationsDistinction Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur‎ (1885)modifier - modifier le code - modifier Wikidata Pierre-Antoine-René-Paul-Ém...

Este artículo o sección tiene referencias, pero necesita más para complementar su verificabilidad. Busca fuentes: «Peugeot» – noticias · libros · académico · imágenesEste aviso fue puesto el 31 de enero de 2023. Peugeot Nuevo logo de 2021 en un 308 III Tipo fabricante histórico de motocicletas, productor de automóviles, racecar constructor y empresa de capital abiertoIndustria comercio de vehículos y automóviles ligerosForma legal sociedad anónima con cons...

 

Desire to engage in short-term urges for enjoyment that threatens long-term goals Tempter redirects here. For the album, see Tempter (album). For works called The Tempter, see The Tempter (disambiguation). Tempters redirects here. For the Japanese musical group, see The Tempters. For other uses, see Temptation (disambiguation). This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenge...