Manihot

Manihot
Manihot palmata
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Euphorbiaceae
Subfamily: Crotonoideae
Tribe: Manihoteae
Genus: Manihot
Mill. 1754 not Adans. 1763[1]
Type species
Manihot esculenta
Crantz.[2][3]
Synonyms[4]

Manihot is a genus in the diverse milkspurge family, Euphorbiaceae. It was described as a genus in 1754.[5][3]

Species of Manihot are monoecious[6] trees, shrubs and a few herbs that are native to the Americas, from Arizona in the United States south to Argentina and Uruguay.[4] The best known member of this genus is the widely cultivated cassava (Manihot esculenta).[7]

Manihot species are used as food plants by the larvae of some species of Lepidoptera including Endoclita sericeus and Hypercompe hambletoni.

Species[4]
  1. Manihot acuminatissima Müll.Arg.Goiás, Bahia
  2. Manihot aesculifolia (Kunth) Pohl – Mexico, Central America
  3. Manihot alutacea D.J.Rogers & AppanGoiás
  4. Manihot angustiloba (Torr.) Müll.Arg. – Mexico, Arizona
  5. Manihot anisophylla (Griseb.) Müll.Arg. – N Argentina
  6. Manihot anomala Pohl – South America
  7. Manihot attenuata Müll.Arg. - Goiás
  8. Manihot auriculata McVaughJalisco, Nayarit
  9. Manihot baccata AllemFr Guiana, NE Brazil
  10. Manihot brachyandra Pax & K.Hoffm. – Bahia
  11. Manihot brachyloba Müll.Arg.Central Amer, Dominican Rep, N South America
  12. Manihot brasiliana Mendoza et al. - Goiás, Brazil
  13. Manihot brevilobaSergipe
  14. Manihot caerulescens Pohl – Brazil, Paraguay
  15. Manihot carthagenensis (Jacq.) Müll.Arg. – N South America, Trinidad, Curaçao
  16. Manihot catingae UleBahia, Minas Gerais
  17. Manihot caudata Greenm. – N Mexico
  18. Manihot cecropiifoliaGoiás, Distrito Federal
  19. Manihot chlorosticta Standl. & Goldman – Mexico
  20. Manihot compositifolia AllemBahia
  21. Manihot condensata D.J.Rogers & Appan – Bolivia
  22. Manihot congesta Mendoza et al. - Goiás, Brazil
  23. Manihot corymbiflora Pax & K.Hoffm.Rio de Janeiro
  24. Manihot crassisepala Pax & K.Hoffm.México State, Morelos, Jalisco
  25. Manihot crotalariiformis PohlMinas Gerais
  26. Manihot davisiae CroizatArizona, Sonora, Chihuahua, Sinaloa
  27. Manihot diamantinensis AllemBahia
  28. Manihot dichotoma Ule – NE Brazil
  29. Manihot divergens PohlGoiás, Distrito Federal, Minas Gerais
  30. Manihot epruinosa Pax & K.Hoffm.Piauí, Ceará, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Bahia
  31. Manihot esculenta Crantz – from Mexico to Brazil
  32. Manihot falcata D.J.Rogers & AppanGoiás, Distrito Federal
  33. Manihot filamentosa Pittier – NW Venezuela
  34. Manihot flemingiana D.J.Rogers & AppanMato Grosso
  35. Manihot foetida (Kunth) Pohl – C + N Mexico
  36. Manihot fortalezensis Nassar, D.G.Ribeiro, Bomfim & P.T.C.GomesCeará
  37. Manihot fruticulosa (Pax) D.J.Rogers & Appan – Brazil
  38. Manihot gabrielensis AllemGoiás
  39. Manihot gracilis Pohl – Paraguay, Brazil
  40. Manihot grahamii Hook. – S Brazil, N Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay
  41. Manihot guaranitica Chodat & Hassl. – N Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia
  42. Manihot handroana CruzMinas Gerais
  43. Manihot hassleriana – Paraguay
  44. Manihot heptaphylla UleBahia
  45. Manihot hilariana Baill.Minas Gerais
  46. Manihot hunzikeriana Mart.Crov.Rio Grande do Sul, Misiones
  47. Manihot incisa - Goiás, Brazil
  48. Manihot inflata Müll.Arg.São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná
  49. Manihot irwinii D.J.Rogers & AppanGoiás
  50. Manihot jacobinensis Müll.Arg.Mato Grosso, Bahia
  51. Manihot janiphoides Müll.Arg.São Paulo, Minas Gerais
  52. Manihot jolyana CruzSão Paulo
  53. Manihot leptophylla Pax – NW South America
  54. Manihot longepetiolata PohlGoiás, Minas Gerais
  55. Manihot maracasensis UleBahia
  56. Manihot marajoara HuberPará, Amapá
  57. Manihot mcvaughii V.W.Steinm.Michoacán
  58. Manihot membranacea Pax & K.Hoffm.Mato Grosso
  59. Manihot michaelis McVaughColima, Jalisco
  60. Manihot mirabilis Pax – Paraguay
  61. Manihot mossamedensis Taub.Goiás
  62. Manihot nana Müll.Arg.Goiás, Minas Gerais
  63. Manihot neusana NassarParaná
  64. Manihot nogueirae AllemDistrito Federal
  65. Manihot oaxacana D.J.Rogers & AppanOaxaca
  66. Manihot obovata J.Jiménez Ram.Guerrero
  67. Manihot oligantha Pax & K.Hoffm.Goiás
  68. Manihot orbicularis PohlGoiás
  69. Manihot palmata Müll.Arg.Rio de Janeiro
  70. Manihot pauciflora BrandegeePuebla, Oaxaca
  71. Manihot paviifolia PohlGoiás
  72. Manihot peltata PohlGoiás
  73. Manihot pentaphylla Pohl – Brazil, Paraguay
  74. Manihot peruviana Müll.Arg.Loreto, San Martin
  75. Manihot pilosa Pohl – E Brazil
  76. Manihot pinatiloba Goiás, Brazil
  77. Manihot pohliana Müll.Arg.Bahia
  78. Manihot pohlii WawraEspírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro
  79. Manihot populifolia Pax – Paraguay
  80. Manihot porphyrantha Goiás, Brazil
  81. Manihot pringlei S.WatsonTamaulipas, San Luis Potosí, Querétaro
  82. Manihot procumbens Müll.Arg.Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Paraguay
  83. Manihot pruinosa PohlMato Grosso, Goiás
  84. Manihot pseudoglaziovii Pax & K.Hoffm.Ceará, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba
  85. Manihot pulchrifolius M.J. Silva – Brazil
  86. Manihot purpureocostata PohlGoiás
  87. Manihot pusilla PohlGoiás
  88. Manihot quinquefolia PohlBahia
  89. Manihot quinqueloba PohlMato Grosso, Goiás
  90. Manihot quinquepartita Huber ex D.J.Rogers & AppanAmapá, Pará, Maranhão, Mato Grosso
  91. Manihot reniformis PohlBahia
  92. Manihot reptans PaxGoiás, Minas Gerais
  93. Manihot rhomboidea Müll.Arg. – Mexico, Central America
  94. Manihot rubricaulis I.M.Johnst. – Mexico
  95. Manihot sagittatopartita PohlBahia, Goiás, Minas Gerais
  96. Manihot salicifolia PohlMato Grosso, Goiás
  97. Manihot sparsifolia PohlGoiás
  98. Manihot stipularis PaxDistrito Federal, Goiás
  99. Manihot stricta Baill. – Peru, Mato Grosso, Goiás
  100. Manihot subspicata Rogers & AppanCoahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas
  101. Manihot surinamensis D.J.Rogers & Appan – Venezuela, the 3 Guianas
  102. Manihot tenella Müll.Arg.São Paulo, Paraguay
  103. Manihot tomatophylla Standl.Morelos, Jalisco, Michoacán
  104. Manihot tomentosa PohlGoiás, Minas Gerais
  105. Manihot triloba (Sessé) McVaugh ex Miranda – Mexico
  106. Manihot tripartita (Spreng.) Müll.Arg. – Brazil, Paraguay
  107. Manihot triphylla PohlDistrito Federal, Goiás, Minas Gerais
  108. Manihot tristis Müll.Arg. – Venezuela, the 3 Guianas, N Brazil
  109. Manihot variifolia Pax & K.Hoffm.Paraguay
  110. Manihot violacea Pohl – Brazil
  111. Manihot walkerae Croizat – Texas, Tamaulipas
  112. Manihot websteri D.J.Rogers & AppanPuebla, Oaxaca
  113. Manihot weddelliana Baill.Goiás
  114. Manihot xavantinensis D.J.Rogers & AppanMato Grosso
  115. Manihot zehntneri UleBahia
variety treated as a species
  1. Manihot carthaginensis subsp. glaziovii = Manihot glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem
formerly included[4]

moved to Aleurites Cnidoscolus Jatropha

  1. M. curcasJatropha curcas
  2. M. diversifoliaJatropha diversifolia
  3. M. gossypiifoliaJatropha gossypiifolia
  4. M. herbaceaCnidoscolus urens
  5. M. moluccanaAleurites moluccanus
  6. M. multifidaJatropha multifida
  7. M. spinosissimaCnidoscolus vitifolius
  8. M. urensCnidoscolus urens

Pollination

Monoecy was demonstrated by Jennings 1963 and George & Shifriss 1967.[6]

References

  1. ^ a b "Genus: Manihot Mill". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2004-03-31. Retrieved 2011-05-06.
  2. ^ lectotype designated by R.A. Howard, Fl. Lesser Antilles 5: 64 (1989)
  3. ^ a b Tropicos, Manihot Mill.
  4. ^ a b c d Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  5. ^ Miller, Philip. 1754. Gardeners Dictionary...Abridged...fourth edition vol. 2
  6. ^ a b Webster, G. L. (2014). "Euphorbiaceae". In Kubitzki, Klaus (ed.). The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants - Volume XI - Flowering Plants, Eudicots - Malpighiales. Heidelberg: Springer. pp. 51–216/x+331. ISBN 978-3-642-39416-4. OCLC 868922400. ISBN 978-3-642-39417-1. ISBN 3642394167.
  7. ^ Second, G.; Iglesias, C. (2001). "Chapter 11: The State of the Use of Cassava Genetic Diversity and a Proposal to Enhance it". In Cooper, H.D.; Spillane, C.; Hodgkin, T. (eds.). Broadening the Genetic Base of Crop Production. CABI Publications (Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International) in association with Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and International Plant Genetic Resources Institute. pp. 201–221. ISBN 978-0-85199-411-6. OCLC 44420773.

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