The international connection between Spain and Portugal via Valencia de Alcántara was inaugurated on 8 October 1881.[2] The Lisbon-Madrid-Paris Sud Express began operation in 1887.[3]
Since August 2012, the connection with Portugal via Valencia de Alcántara has been severed, and the Trenhotel Lusitania [es] connecting Lisbon and Madrid began operating via the province of Salamanca instead.[4]
The railway is electrified from Madrid to Humanes.[5] The aforementioned double-track electrified stretch is integrated in Cercanías Madrid's service C-5.[6] Starting from the boundary of the municipality of Humanes, the railroad line continues without electrification on a single track.[6] The electrification from Plasencia to Humanes is also projected.[7]