MED14
Protein-coding gene in humans
Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 14 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MED14 gene .[ 5] [ 6] [ 7]
The activation of gene transcription is a multistep process that is triggered by factors that recognize transcriptional enhancer sites in DNA. These factors work with co-activators to direct transcriptional initiation by the RNA polymerase II apparatus. The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of the CRSP (cofactor required for SP1 activation) complex, which, along with TFIID, is required for efficient activation by SP1. This protein is also a component of other multisubunit complexes e.g. thyroid hormone receptor-(TR-) associated proteins which interact with TR and facilitate TR function on DNA templates in conjunction with initiation factors and cofactors. This protein contains a bipartite nuclear localization signal. This gene is known to escape chromosome X-inactivation.[ 7]
Interactions
MED14 has been shown to interact with PPARGC1A ,[ 8] Estrogen receptor alpha ,[ 9] STAT2 ,[ 10] Cyclin-dependent kinase 8 ,[ 11] [ 12] Glucocorticoid receptor [ 13] Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha .[ 14] [ 15]
References
^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000180182 – Ensembl , May 2017^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000064127 – Ensembl , May 2017^ "Human PubMed Reference:" . National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine .^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:" . National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine .^ Ryu S, Zhou S, Ladurner AG, Tjian R (Feb 1999). "The transcriptional cofactor complex CRSP is required for activity of the enhancer-binding protein Sp1". Nature . 397 (6718): 446– 50. Bibcode :1999Natur.397..446R . doi :10.1038/17141 . hdl :11858/00-001M-0000-0019-A36A-8 PMID 9989412 . S2CID 4405569 . ^ Yoshikawa H, Fujiyama A, Nakai K, Inazawa J, Matsubara K (Aug 1998). "Detection and isolation of a novel human gene located on Xp11.2-p11.4 that escapes X-inactivation using a two-dimensional DNA mapping method". Genomics . 49 (2): 237– 46. doi :10.1006/geno.1998.5246 . PMID 9598311 . ^ a b "Entrez Gene: CRSP2 cofactor required for Sp1 transcriptional activation, subunit 2, 150kDa" .^ Wallberg, Annika E; Yamamura Soichiro; Malik Sohail; Spiegelman Bruce M; Roeder Robert G (Nov 2003). "Coordination of p300-mediated chromatin remodeling and TRAP/mediator function through coactivator PGC-1alpha" . Mol. Cell . 12 (5): 1137– 49. doi :10.1016/S1097-2765(03)00391-5 ISSN 1097-2765 . PMID 14636573 . ^ Kang, Yun Kyoung; Guermah Mohamed; Yuan Chao-Xing; Roeder Robert G (Mar 2002). "The TRAP/Mediator coactivator complex interacts directly with estrogen receptors alpha and beta through the TRAP220 subunit and directly enhances estrogen receptor function in vitro" . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (5): 2642– 7. Bibcode :2002PNAS...99.2642K . doi :10.1073/pnas.261715899 ISSN 0027-8424 . PMC 122401 PMID 11867769 . ^ Lau, Joe F; Nusinzon Inna; Burakov Darya; Freedman Leonard P; Horvath Curt M (Jan 2003). "Role of metazoan mediator proteins in interferon-responsive transcription" . Mol. Cell. Biol . 23 (2): 620– 8. doi :10.1128/MCB.23.2.620-628.2003 . ISSN 0270-7306 . PMC 151539 PMID 12509459 . ^ Wang, G; Cantin G T; Stevens J L; Berk A J (Jul 2001). "Characterization of mediator complexes from HeLa cell nuclear extract" . Mol. Cell. Biol . 21 (14): 4604– 13. doi :10.1128/MCB.21.14.4604-4613.2001 . ISSN 0270-7306 . PMC 87123 PMID 11416138 . ^ Ito, M; Yuan C X; Malik S; Gu W; Fondell J D; Yamamura S; Fu Z Y; Zhang X; Qin J; Roeder R G (Mar 1999). "Identity between TRAP and SMCC complexes indicates novel pathways for the function of nuclear receptors and diverse mammalian activators" . Mol. Cell . 3 (3): 361– 70. doi :10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80463-3 ISSN 1097-2765 . PMID 10198638 . ^ Hittelman, A B; Burakov D; Iñiguez-Lluhí J A; Freedman L P; Garabedian M J (Oct 1999). "Differential regulation of glucocorticoid receptor transcriptional activation via AF-1-associated proteins" . EMBO J . 18 (19): 5380– 8. doi :10.1093/emboj/18.19.5380 . ISSN 0261-4189 . PMC 1171607 PMID 10508170 . ^ Maeda, Yutaka; Rachez Christophe; Hawel Leo; Byus Craig V; Freedman Leonard P; Sladek Frances M (Jul 2002). "Polyamines modulate the interaction between nuclear receptors and vitamin D receptor-interacting protein 205" . Mol. Endocrinol . 16 (7): 1502– 10. doi :10.1210/mend.16.7.0883 ISSN 0888-8809 . PMID 12089346 . ^ Malik, Sohail; Wallberg Annika E; Kang Yun Kyoung; Roeder Robert G (Aug 2002). "TRAP/SMCC/mediator-dependent transcriptional activation from DNA and chromatin templates by orphan nuclear receptor hepatocyte nuclear factor 4" . Mol. Cell. Biol . 22 (15): 5626– 37. doi :10.1128/MCB.22.15.5626-5637.2002 . ISSN 0270-7306 . PMC 133960 PMID 12101254 .
Further reading
Andersson B, Wentland MA, Ricafrente JY, et al. (1996). "A "double adaptor" method for improved shotgun library construction". Anal. Biochem . 236 (1): 107– 13. doi :10.1006/abio.1996.0138 . PMID 8619474 . Fondell JD, Ge H, Roeder RG (1996). "Ligand induction of a transcriptionally active thyroid hormone receptor coactivator complex" . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A . 93 (16): 8329– 33. Bibcode :1996PNAS...93.8329F . doi :10.1073/pnas.93.16.8329 PMC 38670 PMID 8710870 . Yu W, Andersson B, Worley KC, et al. (1997). "Large-scale concatenation cDNA sequencing" . Genome Res . 7 (4): 353– 8. doi :10.1101/gr.7.4.353 . PMC 139146 PMID 9110174 . Sun X, Zhang Y, Cho H, et al. (1998). "NAT, a human complex containing Srb polypeptides that functions as a negative regulator of activated transcription" . Mol. Cell . 2 (2): 213– 22. doi :10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80131-8 PMID 9734358 . Gu W, Malik S, Ito M, et al. (1999). "A novel human SRB/MED-containing cofactor complex, SMCC, involved in transcription regulation" . Mol. Cell . 3 (1): 97– 108. doi :10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80178-1 PMID 10024883 . Ito M, Yuan CX, Malik S, et al. (1999). "Identity between TRAP and SMCC complexes indicates novel pathways for the function of nuclear receptors and diverse mammalian activators" . Mol. Cell . 3 (3): 361– 70. doi :10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80463-3 PMID 10198638 . Rachez C, Lemon BD, Suldan Z, et al. (1999). "Ligand-dependent transcription activation by nuclear receptors requires the DRIP complex". Nature . 398 (6730): 824– 8. Bibcode :1999Natur.398..824R . doi :10.1038/19783 . PMID 10235266 . S2CID 204992765 . Näär AM, Beaurang PA, Zhou S, et al. (1999). "Composite co-activator ARC mediates chromatin-directed transcriptional activation". Nature . 398 (6730): 828– 32. Bibcode :1999Natur.398..828N . doi :10.1038/19789 . PMID 10235267 . S2CID 23646963 . Hittelman AB, Burakov D, Iñiguez-Lluhí JA, et al. (1999). "Differential regulation of glucocorticoid receptor transcriptional activation via AF-1-associated proteins" . EMBO J . 18 (19): 5380– 8. doi :10.1093/emboj/18.19.5380 . PMC 1171607 PMID 10508170 . Ge K, Guermah M, Yuan CX, et al. (2002). "Transcription coactivator TRAP220 is required for PPAR gamma 2-stimulated adipogenesis". Nature . 417 (6888): 563– 7. Bibcode :2002Natur.417..563G . doi :10.1038/417563a . PMID 12037571 . S2CID 4432077 . Malik S, Wallberg AE, Kang YK, Roeder RG (2002). "TRAP/SMCC/mediator-dependent transcriptional activation from DNA and chromatin templates by orphan nuclear receptor hepatocyte nuclear factor 4" . Mol. Cell. Biol . 22 (15): 5626– 37. doi :10.1128/MCB.22.15.5626-5637.2002 . PMC 133960 PMID 12101254 . Wang Q, Sharma D, Ren Y, Fondell JD (2003). "A coregulatory role for the TRAP-mediator complex in androgen receptor-mediated gene expression" . J. Biol. Chem . 277 (45): 42852– 8. doi :10.1074/jbc.M206061200 PMID 12218053 . Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences" . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A . 99 (26): 16899– 903. Bibcode :2002PNAS...9916899M . doi :10.1073/pnas.242603899 PMC 139241 PMID 12477932 . Lau JF, Nusinzon I, Burakov D, et al. (2003). "Role of metazoan mediator proteins in interferon-responsive transcription" . Mol. Cell. Biol . 23 (2): 620– 8. doi :10.1128/MCB.23.2.620-628.2003 . PMC 151539 PMID 12509459 . Demirci FY, Ramser J, White NJ, et al. (2004). "Refinement of the physical location and the genomic characterization of the CRSP2 (EXLM1) gene on Xp11.4" . DNA Seq . 14 (2): 123– 7. doi :10.1080/1042517021000056952 . PMID 12825353 . S2CID 7902215 . Sato S, Tomomori-Sato C, Banks CA, et al. (2004). "A mammalian homolog of Drosophila melanogaster transcriptional coactivator intersex is a subunit of the mammalian Mediator complex" . J. Biol. Chem . 278 (50): 49671– 4. doi :10.1074/jbc.C300444200 PMID 14576168 . Wallberg AE, Yamamura S, Malik S, et al. (2004). "Coordination of p300-mediated chromatin remodeling and TRAP/mediator function through coactivator PGC-1alpha" . Mol. Cell . 12 (5): 1137– 49. doi :10.1016/S1097-2765(03)00391-5 PMID 14636573 . Tomomori-Sato C, Sato S, Parmely TJ, et al. (2004). "A mammalian mediator subunit that shares properties with Saccharomyces cerevisiae mediator subunit Cse2" . J. Biol. Chem . 279 (7): 5846– 51. doi :10.1074/jbc.M312523200 PMID 14638676 .
