Luévano v. Campbell

Luévano v. Campbell

Full case name	Angel G. Luévano, et al., Plaintiffs v. Alan Campbell, Director, Office of Personnel Management, et al.
Defendant	Alan K. Campbell
Plaintiff	Angel G. Luévano
Citation	93 F.R.D. 68 (D.D.C. 1981)

Angel G. Luévano, et al., Plaintiffs v. Alan Campbell, Director, Office of Personnel Management, et al. also known as Luévano v. Campbell, [93 F.R.D. 68 (D.D.C. 1981)] Luévano v. Campbell began when Angel G. Luévano, and a group of civil rights lawyers, acting on behalf of those blacks and Hispanics who had failed the test (Luévano being one of them) filed a lawsuit alleging that the Professional and Administrative Careers Examination (PACE) written test used by Civil Service Commission had an adverse impact on African Americans and Hispanics.^[1]

Background

The class-action suit was filed against Alan Campbell, the director of the Office of Personnel Management (or Civil Service Commission, as it was then called). Though Campbell was the named defendant in the case, approximately 45 other federal departments and agencies, all agencies that had ever used the PACE, were listed as representatives of the defendant class.^[2]

PACE was the principal entry-level test administered to candidates for positions in the federal government's executive branch. The suit asked the judge to declare that OPM, by using the test, had deprived the plaintiffs of rights secured by Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.^[2]

Luévano consent decree

The Luévano consent decree is the 1981 agreement that settled the lawsuit and called for the elimination of PACE and required replacing it with alternative examinations. It had been criticized by the late constitutional scholar Walter Berns as creating a system of backdoor racial quotas for hiring in the federal government.^[3] In response to the consent decree, OPM developed the Administrative Careers with America examination, which is used in some cases. The consent decree also established two special hiring programs, Outstanding Scholar and Bilingual/Bicultural, for limited use in filling former PACE positions.^[4]

References

^ "Administrative Careers With America (ACWA), Alternative Assessments, And Other Hiring Programs". Delegated Examining Operations Handbook. OPM. Retrieved January 9, 2019.
^ ^a ^b OLIAN, JUDY D.; WILCOX, JOHN C. (September 1982). "The Controversy over Pace: An Examination of the Evidence and Implications of the Luevano Consent Decree for Employment Testing". Personnel Psychology. 35 (2): 659–676. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1982.tb02217.x.
^ "Let Me Call You Quota, Sweetheart". May 1981.
^ "Outstanding Scholar and Bilingual/Bicultural Programs (Luevano Consent Decree)". OPM. Archived from the original on October 12, 2006. Retrieved October 12, 2006.

External links

"Outstanding Scholar and Bilingual/Bicultural Programs (Luevano Consent Decree)". OPM. Archived from the original on November 20, 2004. Retrieved November 20, 2004.

Affirmative action in the United States

Supreme Court and
lower court decisions

Education	DeFunis v. Odegaard (1974) Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978) United States v. Fordice (1992) Hopwood v. Texas (5th Cir. 1996) Texas v. Lesage (1999) Gratz v. Bollinger (2003) Grutter v. Bollinger (2003) Doe v. Kamehameha Schools/Bernice Pauahi Bishop Estate (9th Cir. 2006) Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1 (2007) Fisher v. University of Texas I (2013) Schuette v. Coalition to Defend Affirmative Action (2014) Fisher v. University of Texas II (2016) Coalition for TJ v. Fairfax County School Board (4th Cir. 2023) Students for Fair Admissions v. Harvard (2023)
Employment	Griggs v. Duke Power Co. (1971) Morton v. Mancari (1974) Schlesinger v. Ballard (1975) Hazelwood School District v. United States (1977) United Steelworkers v. Weber (1979) Firefighters v. Stotts (1984) Wygant v. Jackson Board of Education (1986) Sheet Metal Workers v. EEOC (1986) Firefighters v. City of Cleveland (1986) United States v. Paradise (1987) Johnson v. Transportation Agency (1987) Wards Cove Packing Co. v. Atonio (1989) Piscataway School Board v. Taxman (3d Cir. 1996) Ricci v. DeStefano (2009) Charlton-Perkins v. University of Cincinnati (6th Cir. 2022)
Grants, Contracting, and Set-Asides	Kahn v. Shevin (1974) Califano v. Webster (1977) Fullilove v. Klutznick (1980) City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co. (1989) Metro Broadcasting, Inc. v. FCC (1990) Lamprecht v. FCC (D.C. Cir. 1992) Northeastern Fla. Chapter, Associated Gen. Contractors of America v. City of Jacksonville (1993) Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Peña (1995) Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Slater (2000) Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Mineta (2001) Vitolo v. Guzman (6th Cir. 2021)

Federal legislation
and edicts

Section 1981 of the Civil Rights Act of 1866
Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment (1868)
Executive Order 10925 (1961)
Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
Executive Order 11246 (1965)

State initiatives

Proposition 209 (CA, 1996)
Initiative 200 (WA, 1998)
Proposal 2 (MI, 2006)
Amendment 46 (CO, 2008, failed)
Initiative 424 (NE, 2008)
Proposition 107 (AZ, 2010)
State Question 759 (OK, 2012)
Referendum 88 (WA, 2019, failed)
Proposition 16 (CA, 2020, failed)

People

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