In 1830 he married Françoise-Geneviève, daughter of Benjamin Trottier-Desrivières-Beaubien and Françoise-Geneviève Sabrevois de Bleury, sister of Clément-Charles Sabrevois de Bleury. In 1832 he was appointed director of Trinity House and inspector of potash in Montreal.
In 1833, Bouthillier bought eight lots in Montreal, one of which was in the Côte Sainte-Catherine, where he built a large brick house that he named Outre-Mont (over the mountain). The village of Outremont, which was named after this house, became a borough of Montreal in the municipal mergers of 2002.
He also inherited some property from his father, including a lot on St. Paul Street. Bouthillier hired mason Louis Comte to build a combination store and residence on the site, which he owned until his death.
He was named commissioner of the Lachine Canal in 1835, and commissioner of the lands of the Crown (commissaire des terres de la Couronne) in 1838.