Lophophorata

Lophophorata
Temporal range: Early Cambrian–Recent
Bryozoa
Brachiopod
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa
Clade: ParaHoxozoa
Clade: Bilateria
Clade: Nephrozoa
Clade: Protostomia
(unranked): Spiralia
Superphylum: Lophotrochozoa
Grade: "Tommotiida"
Clade: Lophophorata
Meglitsch, 1972
Clades
Synonyms[1]
  • Tentaculata Hatschek, 1888

The Lophophorata (also called Tentaculata; not to be confused with Tentaculata Eschscholtz 1825, a class within the Ctenophora) are a Lophotrochozoan clade consisting of the Brachiozoa and the Bryozoa.[2][3][4][5] They have a lophophore. Molecular phylogenetic analyses suggest that lophophorates are protostomes, but on morphological grounds they have been assessed as deuterostomes.[6] Fossil finds of the "tommotiid" Wufengella suggest that they evolved from worm-like animals that resembled annelids.[7][8]

Lophotrochozoa

References

  1. ^ Hedgpeth, Joel W. (February 1977). "Introduction to the Symposium: Biology of Lophophorates". American Zoologist. 17 (1): 3–4. doi:10.1093/icb/17.1.3.
  2. ^ Temereva, Elena N.; Kuzmina, Tatyana V. (2017-07-31). "The first data on the innervation of the lophophore in the rhynchonelliform brachiopod Hemithiris psittacea: what is the ground pattern of the lophophore in lophophorates?". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 17 (1): 172. doi:10.1186/s12862-017-1029-5. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 5537927. PMID 28760135.
  3. ^ Meglitsch, P.A. (1972). The Lophophorate Coelomates. in: Invertebrate Zoology 2nd ed. 671–697
  4. ^ Luo, Yi-Jyun; Kanda, Miyuki; Koyanagi, Ryo; Hisata, Kanako; Akiyama, Tadashi; Sakamoto, Hirotaka; Sakamoto, Tatsuya; Satoh, Noriyuki (2017-12-04). "Nemertean and phoronid genomes reveal lophotrochozoan evolution and the origin of bilaterian heads". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 2 (1): 141–151. doi:10.1038/s41559-017-0389-y. ISSN 2397-334X. PMID 29203924.
  5. ^ Hausdorf, B.; Helmkampf, M.; Meyer, A.; Witek, A.; Herlyn, H.; Bruchhaus, I.; Hankeln, T.; Struck, T. H.; Lieb, B. (2007-06-29). "Spiralian Phylogenomics Supports the Resurrection of Bryozoa Comprising Ectoprocta and Entoprocta". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 24 (12): 2723–2729. doi:10.1093/molbev/msm214. ISSN 0737-4038. PMID 17921486.
  6. ^ Jang, Kuem; Hwang, Ui (2009). "Complete mitochondrial genome of Bugula neritina (Bryozoa, Gymnolaemata, Cheilostomata): phylogenetic position of Bryozoa and phylogeny of lophophorates within the Lophotrochozoa". BMC Genomics. 10 (1): 167. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-10-167. ISSN 1471-2164. PMC 2678162. PMID 19379522.
  7. ^ Guo, Jin; Parry, Luke A.; Vinther, Jakob; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Wei, Fan; Zhao, Yang; et al. (2022). "A Cambrian tommotiid preserving soft tissues reveals the metameric ancestry of lophophorates". Current Biology. 32 (21): 4769–4778.e2. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2022.09.011. PMID 36170853.
  8. ^ Davis, Josh (29 September 2022). "An ancient hairy, armoured worm lived in the oceans over 500 million years ago". Natural History Museum. London: The Trustees of The Natural History Museum. Retrieved 8 February 2023.


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