Loop gain

In electronics and control system theory, loop gain is the sum of the gain, expressed as a ratio or in decibels, around a feedback loop. Feedback loops are widely used in electronics in amplifiers and oscillators, and more generally in both electronic and nonelectronic industrial control systems to control industrial plant and equipment. The concept is also used in biology. In a feedback loop, the output of a device, process or plant is sampled and applied to alter the input, to better control the output. The loop gain, along with the related concept of loop phase shift, determines the behavior of the device, and particularly whether the output is stable, or unstable, which can result in oscillation. The importance of loop gain as a parameter for characterizing electronic feedback amplifiers was first recognized by Heinrich Barkhausen in 1921, and was developed further by Hendrik Wade Bode and Harry Nyquist at Bell Labs in the 1930s.

A block diagram of an electronic amplifier with negative feedback is shown at right. The input signal is applied to the amplifier with open-loop gain A and amplified. The output of the amplifier is applied to a feedback network with gain β, and subtracted from the input to the amplifier. The loop gain is calculated by imagining the feedback loop is broken at some point, and calculating the net gain if a signal is applied. In the diagram shown, the loop gain is the product of the gains of the amplifier and the feedback network, −Aβ. The minus sign is because the feedback signal is subtracted from the input.

The gains A and β, and therefore the loop gain, generally vary with the frequency of the input signal, and so are usually expressed as functions of the angular frequency ω in radians per second. It is often displayed as a graph with the horizontal axis frequency ω and the vertical axis gain. In amplifiers, the loop gain is the difference between the open-loop gain curve and the closed-loop gain curve (actually, the 1/β curve) on a dB scale.^[1]^[2]^[3]

References

^ "TI Precision Labs - Op-amps - Stability 2" (PDF). To find the magnitude of AolB, we can simply subtract 1/B from Aol.
^ "MT-033 TUTORIAL Voltage Feedback Op Amp Gain and Bandwidth" (PDF). The difference between the open-loop gain and the closed-loop gain is known as the loop gain
^ "Operational amplifier gain stability, Part 2: DC gain-error analysis" (PDF). ... shows the simplified open-loop gain ... along with the closed-loop gain ... The difference between these two curves is the loop gain, β×AOL.

External links

Loop Gain and its Effects on Analog Circuit Performance

This article related to telecommunications is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

This article incorporates public domain material from Federal Standard 1037C. General Services Administration. Archived from the original on 2022-01-22. (in support of MIL-STD-188).

Read other articles:

Bungarus multicinctus

Bungarus multicinctus (Many-banded krait) Bungarus multicinctus Status konservasiRisiko rendahIUCN191957 TaksonomiKerajaanAnimaliaFilumChordataKelasReptiliaOrdoSquamataFamiliElapidaeGenusBungarusSpesiesBungarus multicinctus Blyth, 1861 DistribusiWilayah persebaran Bungarus multicinctus. lbs Bungarus multicinctus dalam bahasa Inggris disebut many-banded krait, atau Taiwanese krait, atau Chinese krait, adalah spesies ular elapid yang sangat berbisa, dapat ditemukan di sebagian besar wilayah Rep...

Provinsi Sado

Provinsi Sado (佐渡国code: ja is deprecated , sado no kuni) adalah provinsi lama Jepang yang menempati seluruh wilayah pulau Sado yang berada di lepas pantai provinsi Echigo. Pulau Sado sekarang menjadi bagian dari prefektur Niigata. Di zaman dulu, pulau Sado merupakan salah satu dari banyak pulau terpencil di Jepang. Sado merupakan tempat ideal untuk pembuangan kalangan bangsawan yang menjadi lawan politik. Tawanan dijadikan pekerja paksa di tambang perak dan tambang emas yang terdapat d...

Tomorrow X Together

Artikel ini memerlukan pemutakhiran informasi. Harap perbarui artikel dengan menambahkan informasi terbaru yang tersedia. Tomorrow X Together투모로우바이투게더TXT pada Maret 2019 Dari kiri ke kanan: SOOBIN, HUENINGKAI, BEOMGYU, YEONJUN and TAEHYUNInformasi latar belakangNama lainTXTAsalSeoul, Korea SelatanGenreK-pophip hopTahun aktif2019 (2019)–sekarangLabelBig HitRepublic[1]Situs webibighit.com/txtAnggota Yeonjun Soobin Beomgyu Taehyun HueningKai Tomorrow X Together (...

منتخب بابوا غينيا الجديدة للكريكت

هذه المقالة تحتاج للمزيد من الوصلات للمقالات الأخرى للمساعدة في ترابط مقالات الموسوعة. فضلًا ساعد في تحسين هذه المقالة بإضافة وصلات إلى المقالات المتعلقة بها الموجودة في النص الحالي. (سبتمبر 2023) منتخب بابوا غينيا الجديدة للكريكت تعديل مصدري - تعديل منتخب بابوا غينيا ال...

Harry Shum

Untuk pemeran, lihat Harry Shum Jr. Harry ShumLahirShen XiangyangOktober 1966[1]TiongkokAlmamaterSoutheast University, Universitas Hong Kong, Universitas Carnegie MellonPekerjaanWakil Presiden Eksekutif, Teknologi & RisetTempat kerjaMicrosoftPenghargaanIEEE Fellow, ACM Fellow, FREng Heung-Yeung Harry Shum (Hanzi: 沈向洋; Pinyin: Shěn Xiàngyáng; kelahiran Oktober 1966) adalah seorang ilmuwan komputer asal Tiongkok. Ia adalah murid doktoral Raj Reddy. Ia adalah Wakil P...

Gazette of the United States

American newspaper (1789–1818) Gazette of the United StatesHe that is not for us, is against usSeptember 9, 1789 issueTypeSemiweekly newspaper (1789–1793); daily (1793–1818)Founder(s)John FennoEditorJohn Fenno (1789–1798)John Ward Fenno with Joseph Dennie (1798–1800)Caleb P. Wayne (1800–1801)Enos Bronson (1801–1804)Several others (1804–1818)FoundedApril 15, 1789 (1789-04-15)Political alignmentFederalistCeased publicationMarch 7, 1818 (1818-03-07)C...

List of presidents of Costa Rica

See also: List of heads of state of Costa Rica Main article: President of Costa Rica Politics of Costa Rica Constitution Abortion law LGBT rights Executive President (list) Rodrigo Chaves Robles Vice Presidents Stephan Brunner Mary Munive Legislature Legislative Assembly (History) President: Rodrigo Arias Sánchez Judiciary Supreme Court of Justice President: Fernando Cruz Castro Administrative divisions Provinces and comarcas Cantons Districts Local government Indigenous territories Electio...

Push dagger

Weapon A push dagger (alternately known as a punch dagger, punch knife, push knife or, less often, a push dirk) is a short-bladed dagger with a T handle designed to be grasped and held in a closed-fist hand so that the blade protrudes from the front of the fist, either between the index and middle fingers or between the two central fingers, when the grip and blade are symmetrical.[1][2] It originated as a close-combat weapon for civilians in the early 19th century, and also sa...

Bahaeddin Şakir

Bahaeddin Şakir Bahaeddin Şakir adalah seorang politikus Turki. Ia mengubah Komite Persatuan Utsmaniyah menjadi organisasi politik. Ia memegang kekuasaan Utsmaniyah pada 27 April 1909, usai kudeta yang dilakukan oleh komite tersebut terhadap Sultan Utsmaniyah Abdul Hamid II, sampai tahun 1918.[1] Referensi ^ Bahagia Yahudi Zionis Menyaksikan Turki Utsmani Runtuh. Republika. Artikel bertopik biografi Turki ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengemb...

Universal Media Disc

Cakram optis Umum Cakram optis Penggerak cakram optis Optical disc authoring Authoring software Teknologi perekaman Recording modes Packet writing Burst cutting area Jenis cakram Compact disc (CD): CD-DA, CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW, 5.1 Music Disc, Super Audio CD (SACD), Photo CD, CD Video (CDV), Video CD (VCD), Super Video CD (SVCD), CD+G, CD-Text, CD-ROM XA, CD-i, MIL-CD, Mini CD DVD: DVD-R, DVD+R, DVD-R DL, DVD+R DL, DVD-R DS, DVD+R DS, DVD-RW, DVD+RW, DVD-RAM, DVD-D, DVD-A, HVD, EcoDisc, MiniDVD...

Japanese rice

Strains of Japonica rice This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Japanese rice – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) From left: brown rice, half-milled rice, white rice A Japanese rice field in Nara Japanese rice refers to a...

Magical Destroyers

Japanese anime television series Magical DestroyersKey visual魔法少女マジカルデストロイヤーズ(Mahō Shōjo Majikaru Desutoroiyāzu)GenreMagical girlsurreal comedyCreated byJun Inagawa Anime television seriesDirected byHiroshi IkehataMasao Kawase (assistant)Written byDaishiro TanimuraMusic byGin HashibaStudioBibury Animation StudiosLicensed byCrunchyroll SEA: Plus Media Networks Asia[1]Original networkMBS, TBS, BS-TBSOriginal run April 8, 2023 �...

Prix du Muguet

Flat horse race in France Horse race Prix du MuguetGroup 2 raceNorthjet, oil on canvas Painting by Bob Demuyser (1920–2003)LocationSaint-Cloud RacecourseSaint-Cloud, FranceInaugurated1967Race typeFlat / ThoroughbredWebsitefrance-galop.comRace informationDistance1,600 metres (1 mile)[1]SurfaceTurfTrackLeft-handedQualificationFour-years-old and up[1]Weight57 kgAllowances1½ kg for fillies and maresPenalties3 kg for Group 1 winners *1½ kg for Group 2 winners ** since 1 July la...

Антитринитаризм

ХристианствоБиблия Ветхий Завет Новый Завет Евангелие Десять заповедей Нагорная проповедь Апокрифы Бог, Троица Бог Отец Иисус Христос Святой Дух История христианства Апостолы Хронология христианства Раннее христианство Гностическое христианство Вселенские соборы Н...

Sagar (community development block)

Community Development Block in West Bengal, IndiaSagarCommunity Development BlockInteractive Map Outlining Sagar CD BlockSagarLocation in West BengalShow map of West BengalSagarLocation in IndiaShow map of IndiaCoordinates: 21°39′10″N 88°04′31″E / 21.6528°N 88.0753°E / 21.6528; 88.0753Country IndiaState West BengalDistrictSouth 24 ParganasSubdivisionKakdwipArea • Total282.11 km2 (108.92 sq mi)Elevation4 m (13 ft)Po...

Udhauli

Kirat festival celebrated to thank nature for providing them with good harvest. UdhauliUdhauli celebration by Kirat peopleObserved byKirat communitiesTypeKirat festivalObservancesPrayers and religious ritualsDatepurnima (Full Moon Day) of Mangshir[1]FrequencyAnnual Udhauli (उधौली) is a festival of the Kirat communities of Kirati people specially celebrated by Sunuwar, Limbu, Thami,Yakkha, Khambu Rai etc. of Nepal, India and other different countries around the world whe...

Hernán Barcos

Questa voce sull'argomento calciatori argentini è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Hernán Barcos Barcos nel 2014 Nazionalità Argentina Altezza 189 cm Peso 81 kg Calcio Ruolo Attaccante Squadra Alianza Lima CarrieraSquadre di club1 2003-2005 Racing Club11 (6)2005-2006→ Guaraní30 (12)2006-2007→ Olmedo43 (22)2007-2008→ Stella Rossa21 (7)2008→ ...

Військово-музичне управління Збройних сил України

Військово-музичне управління Збройних сил України Тип військове формуванняЗасновано 1992Країна Україна Емблема управління Військово-музичне управління Збройних сил України — структурний підрозділ Генерального штабу Збройних сил України призначений для планува...

1928 en sports équestres

Chronologies Chronologie du sport 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931Mois :Jan - Fév - Mar - Avr - Mai - Juin Juil - Aoû - Sep - Oct - Nov - Déc 1927 ◄◄ 1928 en sport ►► 1929 Chronologie dans le monde 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931Décennies :1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950Siècles :XVIIIe XIXe XXe XXIe XXIIeMillénaires :-Ier Ier IIe IIIe Chronologies géographiques Afrique Afrique du Sud, Algé...

Teletoon (Canadá)

Teletoon Eslogan It's Unreal!Tipo de canal Televisión por suscripciónProgramación InfantilPropietario Corus EntertainmentOperado por Teletoon Canada Inc.País Canadá CanadáFundación 1997Fundador Corus EntertainmentInicio de transmisiones 17 de octubre de 1997(canal en inglés) 8 de septiembre de 1997(canal en francés) Cese de transmisiones 27 de marzo de 2023(canal en inglés)Formato de imagen 1080i HDTV(reescalado a 4:3 480i letterbox para las señales en resolución estándar de...