Lomami National Park

Lomami National Park
Map showing the location of Lomami National Park
Map showing the location of Lomami National Park
LocationDemocratic Republic of Congo
Nearest cityKindu
Coordinates2°0′0″S 25°2′0″E / 2.00000°S 25.03333°E / -2.00000; 25.03333
Area8,879 km2 (3,428 sq mi)
Established2016
Governing bodyInstitut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature

Lomami National Park is a national park located in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in Central Africa. Situated within the centre basin of the Lomami River, it straddles the Provinces of Tshopo and Maniema, with a slight overlap into the forests of the Tshuapa and Lualaba River basins. Lomami National Park was formally declared on 7 July 2016 as the ninth national park in the country and the first to be created since 1992.

Lomami National Park encompasses some 8,879 km2 (3,428 sq mi) of lowland tropical rainforest with some open-forest savanna islands to the south and more hilly terrain to the west. It is home to several endangered species including the bonobo (Pan paniscus), the okapi (Okapia johnstoni) and the Congo peafowl (Afropava congensis). It also harbours the lesula (Cercopithecus lomamiensis) and the Dryas monkey (Chlorocebus dryas) and the African forest elephant (Loxodonta cyclotis).

History

The process to establish a national park got underway with meetings in village centers and town halls, with outreach missions led by ministers, chiefs and deputies From 2010 through 2012, legitimized through Tambiko ceremonies in which the ancestors were consulted, the surrounding villages defined the limits of the national park. By 2013 the governors of both Maniema and Tshopo Provinces declared provincial parks, making all hunting within the parks illegal.[citation needed] On 7 July 2016, Lomami National Park was officially decreed by DR Congo's national government.[1]

Geography

Lomami National Park is located in the two provinces Tshopo and Maniema between Kisangani and Kindu. The Lomami River forms the western border at the southern limit of the park and flows through the center of its northern part. This river is a biogeographic barrier and has influenced the evolution of wildlife in the region. The Tshuapa and Lualaba Rivers define the general east-west limits of the Tshuapa–Lomami–Lualaba Conservation Landscape. Edaphic savannas emerge from the forest in the southernmost part of the landscape, whereas forest cover is more consistent in the north, although varying from hill-forest to low elevation upland forest to seasonally flooded forest and riverine forest.

Biodiversity

Lomami National Park is home to populations of the Okapi, Congo peafowl, African forest elephant and significant populations of many primate species including the rare dryas monkey.[2] The lesula (Cercopithecus lomamiensis) was discovered in 2007.[3] The bonobo population in Lomami National Park is genetically distinct from other bonobo populations, establishing the Lomami River as a probable geographic barrier.[4]

The grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus) and the Congo peafowl (Afropava congolensis) inhabit the forests throughout Lomami National Park.[citation needed]

Lomami National Park also harbours the following species:[citation needed]

Ethnic groups

The people living in the buffer zone of the Lomami National Park belong primarily to seven different ethnic groups: Lengola, Mbole, Mituku, Langa, Tetela, Ngengele and Arabisé. The approximately 100 small villages live primarily on agriculture, hunting, and fishing.[5]

Threats

The major threat to wildlife in the Lomami National Park is the commercial bushmeat trade. The Lukuru Foundation found that the origin of hunting pressure is not just the local communities, as many hunters are from other regions[6]

Elephant poaching represents another threat to the park, and commercial ivory trade pushes a rapid decline of the elephant population.[7]

References

  1. ^ "DRC declares first new national park in 40 years". Mongabay. 2016.
  2. ^ Stanton, D. W. G.; Hart, J.; Galbusera, P.; Helsen, P.; Shephard, J.; Kümpel, N. F.; Wang, J.; Ewen, J. G.; Bruford, M. W. (2014). "Distinct and Diverse: Range-Wide Phylogeography Reveals Ancient Lineages and High Genetic Variation in the Endangered Okapi (Okapia johnstoni)". PLoS One. 9 (7): e101081. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0101081. PMC 4090074. PMID 25007188.
  3. ^ Hart, J. A.; Detwiler, K. M.; Gilbert, C. C.; Burrell, A. S.; Fuller, J. L.; Emetshu, M.; Hart, T. B.; Vosper, A.; Sargis, E. J. (2012). "Lesula: A new species of Cercopithecus monkey endemic to the Democratic Republic of Congo and implications for conservation of Congo's Central Basin". PLoS One. 7 (9): e44271. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0044271. PMC 3440422. PMID 22984482.
  4. ^ Kawamoto, Y.; Takemoto, H.; Higuchi, S.; Sakamaki, T.; Hart, J. A.; Hart, T. B.; Tokuyama, N.; Reinartz, G. E.; Guislain, P. (2013). "Genetic Structure of Wild Bonobo Populations: Diversity of Mitochondrial DNA and Geographical Distribution". PLoS One. 8 (3): e59660. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0059660. PMC 3609822. PMID 23544084.
  5. ^ "New Hope for Congolese Wildlife". Rain Forest Trust. Dem. Rep. of Congo. 2016-07-08. Retrieved 2017-02-17.
  6. ^ Hart, J. (2009). The Bushmeat Crisis in Maniema Province. A summary report on a project to control and monitor the commercial bushmeat chain supplying the city of Kindu (PDF) (Report). Lukuru Foundation.
  7. ^ Turkalo, A. K.; Wrege, P. H.; Wittemyer, G. (2016). "Slow intrinsic growth rate in forest elephants indicates recovery from poaching will require decades". Journal of Applied Ecology. 54: 153–159. doi:10.1111/1365-2664.12764.
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