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This is a list of wave elections, or electoral waves or political waves that exist throughout history.

Political analyst Charlie Cook describes wave elections as the result of an "overarching, nationwide dynamic," such as a high or low presidential approval rating, economic conditions, and scandals.^[1][2] Cook contrasts wave elections with "micro-elections" in which neither party makes significant gains, and candidates, local issues, and other factors not strictly related to party alignment have a stronger role than in wave elections.^[1] Although several wave elections may occur in a row, wave elections are usually considered to be the exception rather than the norm.^[2]

• The Revolutions of 1848 ultimately saw an electoral wave starting with the 1848 French Constituent Assembly election resulting in various liberal and nationalist victories all across Europe like the 1848 German federal election, 1848 Hungarian parliamentary election, etc.
• The 1890s Socialist Electoral Wave was sparked by the 1890 German federal election where the SPD won the national popular vote following the expiration of Bismarck's Anti-Socialist Laws inspiring working-class parties across Europe to achieve historic parliamentary breakthroughs, such as in the 1893 French legislative election, the 1894 Belgian general election, the 1897 Cisleithanian legislative election and many more.^[3][4]

• The Constitutional Wave saw a wave in new constitutional monarchies and democracies formed like the 1906 Russian Legislative Election,1906 Persian Legislative Election, 1908 Ottoman General Election, and etc.
• The Nordic Progressive Suffrage Wave from 1907 to 1915 saw a success of Progressivism in Nordic countries inspired by the 1907 Finnish Parliamentary Election which led to success in some areas in elections in Nordic area.^[5]
• The Post-WW1 Socialist Wave from 1918 to 1923 saw various socialist parties win elections in Germany, Italy, Austria, UK, Portugal and many more.^[6]
• The interwar Christian democratic wave was catalyzed by the 1919 Italian People's Party breakthrough election, demonstrating that Catholic political parties could mobilize mass electorates to form a centrist, anti-extremist shield, directly influencing the central coalition roles of the German Centre Party and the Czechoslovak People's Party throughout the 1920s.^[7]
• The interwar conservative wave was sparked by the 1920 U.S. presidential election where Warren G. Harding's "Return to Normalcy" campaign crushed the incumbent interventionist Democrats inspiring center-right parties across Western democracies to win major parliamentary majorities, such as the UK Conservative victory in 1922 and the French Bloc National in 1919 from 1920-28.^{[8][9][10][11]}
• The Post-WW1 Agrarian Wave from 1920s to 1930s was series of Agrarian parties participating in elections and winning some in the aftermath of World War I include in Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, the Baltics and others.^[12][13][14]
• First Reverse Wave Political waves:
  • The Fascist Electoral Wave was series of fascist parties succeeding and participating in elections including in Italy, Germany, Austria and others.^[15][16]
  • Beginning with the collapse of Portuguese democracy in 1927, military and civilian elites across the Lusophone and Hispanic worlds systematically replaced competitive democratic elections with fraud, party bans, and corporatist constitutions designed to entrench executive control which lasted until 1936.^[17]
  • The Comintern's ultra-left "Third Period" strategy caused severe fragmentation across democratic electorates: by labeling social democrats as "social fascists" and directing communist voters away from pro-democracy coalitions, the far left inadvertently weakened parliamentary defenses against the rise of right-wing authoritarianism.^[18][19]
• Anti-Fascist Popular Front Wave from 1936 to 1939 saw various election wins in France, Spain, Chile and many more by coalitions of the popular front and other left-wing coalitions ^[20][21]
• First Pink Tide from 1990s to 2000s saw a wave of socialism of the 21st century victories inspired by Hugo Chávez election which spread across Latin America^[22]

• First Blue Tide was a reaction to the Pink Tide as a result in Latin America, from the mid to late-2010s ^[23][24]
• Second Pink Tide emerged in the late 2010s to early 2020s as a result of the decline of the First Blue tide and the COVID-19 Pandemic in Latin America.^[25]
• Second Blue Tide emerged in the early 2020s following the decline of the Second Pink Tide and resulted in many right-wing governments in Latin America including in Argentina, Chile and more.^[26]

• Elections
• Landslide victory