List of wars involving France
Wars involving France
This is a list of wars involving modern France from the abolition of the French monarchy and the establishment of the French First Republic on 21 September 1792 until the current Fifth Republic .
French victory French defeat Another result * Ongoing conflict*e.g. a treaty or peace without a clear result, status quo ante bellum
Conflict
France & allies
France's opposition
Outcome
Taiping Rebellion Location: China
Qing victory
Bombardment of Salé Location: Morocco
France Sherifian Empire
French military victoryMorocco agreed to pay 100,000 francs to the French on 29 November 1851 to avoid further conflict.
France had desired a revolt against the governor of Salé to force repayment and avoid destruction of the city, but this did not occur.
Crimean War Location: Crimea , Caucasus , Balkans , Black Sea , Baltic Sea , White Sea , Far East
France Ottoman Empire
Britain [ e] Sardinia [ f] Austrian Empire Caucasus Imamate [ g] Circassia Abkhazia [ f] Russian Empire
Kurdish rebelsGreece [ h] Allied victory
Second Opium War Location: China
France United Kingdom India United States
Qing dynasty
Allied victory
Siege of Medina Fort Location: Médine, Mali
France
Toucouleur Empire
French victory
Cochinchina Campaign Location: Vietnam
Second French Empire
Spain
Nguyễn dynasty
Franco-Spanish victory
Second Italian War of Independence Location: Lombardy–Venetia , Piedmont and the Austrian Littoral
French Empire Kingdom of Sardinia United Principalities
Austrian Empire Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
Franco-Sardinian victory
Expedition of the Thousand Location: Sicily and Southern Italy
Two Sicilies Papal States France Spain
Sardinia United Kingdom
Unification Victory
Second Franco-Mexican War Location: Mexico
France Mexican Empire
United Mexican States United States (from 1865)[ 17] French Defeat
Establishment, then fall, of the Second Mexican Empire
French withdrawal following the continued loss of territory by Mexican Republic forces and American threats.
Shimonoseki Campaign Location: Shimonoseki , Yamaguchi , Japan
Britain French Empire Netherlands United States
Chōshū Domain
Allied victory
French campaign against Korea Location: Korea
France
Korea
French defeat
French withdrawal, Korea reaffirms its isolationism
Garibaldis Expedition to Rome 1867
Location: Rome
France Papal States
Italian volunteers
Franco-Papal Victory
Franco-Prussian War Location: France
France
North German Confederation
Grand Duchy of Baden Kingdom of Bavaria Kingdom of Württemberg Grand Duchy of Hesse
French Defeat
Dissolution of the Second French Empire, Third Republic Established
Conflict
France & allies
France's opposition
Outcome
Paris Commune Location: Paris
French Third Republic
Communards National Guards
Third Republic victory
Annexation of the Leeward Islands Location: Society Islands
France Tahiti (French protectorate)
Raiatea -Tahaa Huahine Bora Bora
French Victory
French conquest of Tunisia Location: Tunisia
France
Beylik of Tunis
French victory
Tunisia becomes a French protectorate
Mandingo Wars Location: West Africa
France
Wassoulou Empire
French victory
First Madagascar expedition Location: Madagascar
France
Merina Kingdom
French victory
Sino-French War Location: Southeast mainland China , Taiwan , northern Vietnam
France
China Black Flag Army Nguyễn dynasty
Both sides declared victory
Limited "victory" for Qing forces on land (China won one battle at the end before suing for peace)
Defeat of Qing forces on Taiwan and surrounding islands
Collapse of Ferry's government in late March due to public opinion against the warTreaty of Tientsin China officially recognizes French domination over Vietnam
Tonkin Campaign Location: Northern Vietnam
France
Qing dynasty Black Flag Army Nguyễn dynasty
French victory
First Franco-Dahomean War Location: Ouémé Department of modern Benin
France
Dahomey
French victory
Dahomey recognizes Porto-Novo as a French protectorate and gives up customs rights to Cotonou in exchange for yearly payment
Second Franco-Dahomean War Location: Ouémé Department and Zou Department of modern Benin
France
Dahomey
French victory
Dahomey conquered and incorporated as a French protectorate
Franco-Siamese conflict Location: French Indochina , Siam
French Republic
Siam
French victory
First Italo-Ethiopian War Location: Eritrea and Ethiopia
Ethiopia Support Russia [ 18] [ 19] [ 20] France [ 21] [ 22] [ 23] Italy Ethiopian victory
Second Madagascar expedition Location: Madagascar
France
Merina Kingdom
French victory
Cretan Revolt (1897–1898)
Location: Crete
Cretan revolutionaries Kingdom of Greece British Empire France Italy Russian Empire Austria-Hungary (until April 12, 1898)German Empire (until March 16, 1898)
Ottoman Empire
French victory
Establishment of the Cretan State .
Withdraw of Ottoman forces from Crete.
Boxer Rebellion Location: North China
France British Empire
Russia Japan Germany United States Italy Austria-Hungary Netherlands Belgium Spain Mutual Protection of Southeast China
Boxers Qing dynasty
Allied victory
Rabih War Location: West Africa
France
Kanem–Bornu Empire
French victory
1904–1905 uprising in Madagascar Location: Madagascar
France
Rebels
French victory
Ouaddai War Location: Ouaddai Empire
France
Ouaddai Empire
French victory
French conquest of Morocco Location: North Africa
France
Zaian Confederation French victory
Zaian War Location: French protectorate of Morocco
France
Zaian Confederation First World War by the Central Powers
French victory
First World War Location: Europe , Africa , Asia , Middle East , the Pacific Islands , and coast of North and South America
Allied Powers France British Empire
Russian Empire United States Italy Japan China Serbia Montenegro Romania Belgium Greece Portugal Brazil
Central Powers Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire Bulgaria
Allied victory
Volta-Bani War Location: Burkino Faso, Mali
France
Marka, Bwa, Lela, Nuni, and Bobo people
French victory
Kaocen revolt Location: Northern Niger
France
Tuareg guerrillas
French victory
Thái Nguyên uprising Location: Northern Vietnam
France
French victory
Occupation of Constantinople Location: Istanbul
United Kingdom France Italy Greece United States [ 24] Japan [ 24] Ottoman Empire Temporary occupation
November 1918 insurgency in Alsace-Lorraine
Location: Alsace-Lorraine
French Third Republic
Third Republic victory
Hungarian-Romanian War Location: Hungary , and Transylvania
Romania France Czechoslovakia
Hungarian Republic (until 21 March 1919) Soviet Hungary Soviet Russia
Romanian victory
Franco-Turkish War Location: Cilicia and Upper Mesopotamia
France
Grand National Assembly
French loss
Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Location: Russia , Mongolia , and Iran
White Movement British Empire
United States France Japan Czechoslovakia Greece Estonia Serbia Italy Poland Romania China
Russian SFSR Far Eastern Republic Latvian SSR Ukrainian SSR Commune of Estonia Mongolian Communists
Allied withdrawal
Allied withdrawal from Russia
Bolshevik victory over White Army
German Revolution of 1918–1919 Location: German Empire
1918–1919:Weimar Republic
Supported by:France
FSR Germany Russian SFSR
Weimar victory
Hungarian–Czechoslovak War Location: Slovakia , Carpathian Ruthenia , Hungary
Czechoslovakia Supported by: France Romania Hungarian Republic (until 21 March 1919) Soviet Hungary (from 21 March 1919) Supported by: Soviet Russia
Czechoslovakian victory
1919 Luxembourgish rebellionLocation: Luxembourg
French Third Republic Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
Comité de Salut Public (Luxembourg) [nl ] French and Luxembourgish monarchist victory
Luxembourgish republican and pro-Belgian rebellion suppressed (10 January 1919)
Polish-Soviet War Location: Central and Eastern Europe
Poland Belarusian PR Latvia [ i] Ukrainian People's Republic [ j] Supported by: France Hungarian Republic Romania Russian Whites United Kingdom [ k] United States [ k] Russian SFSR Byelorussian SSR Polrewkom Ukrainian SSR
Polish victory
Bender Uprising Location: Tighina , Kingdom of Romania (present day Bender, Moldova )
France Romania
Red Guards Ukrainian SSR
Franco-Romanian victory
Franco-Syrian War Location: Syria
France
Arab Kingdom of Syria
French victory
Rif War Location: Morocco
Spain France (1925–1926) Jebala tribes
Republic of the Rif Jebala tribes
Franco-Spanish victory
Great Syrian Revolt Location: French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon
Damascus in flames as the result of the French air raid on October 18, 1925.France
Syrian rebels
French victory
Kongo-Wara rebellion Location: French Equatorial Africa , French Cameroon
France
Fula people
Co-belligerents:Gbaya chiefdoms
Gbaya people and clans
Co-belligerents:
French victory
Yên Bái mutiny Location: Vietnam
France
Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng
French victory
Uprising crushed[ 25]
Second World War Location: Europe , Pacific Ocean , Atlantic Ocean , Southeast Asia , East Asia , Middle East , Mediterranean , North Africa , Oceania , North and South America
Allied Powers United States Soviet Union United Kingdom China Free France Poland Canada Australia New Zealand India South Africa Yugoslavia Greece Denmark Norway Netherlands Belgium Luxembourg Czechoslovakia Brazil Mexico
Axis Powers Germany Japan Italy Hungary Romania Bulgaria Croatia Slovakia Finland Thailand Manchukuo Mengjiang
Allied victory
Conflict
France & allies
France's opposition
Outcome
Franco-Thai War Location: French Indochina
Vichy France
Thailand
Inconclusive
Japanese-mediated ceasefire
On Japanese decision, disputed territories in French Indochina ceded by France to Thailand
Conflict
France & allies
France's opposition
Outcome
Basque conflict Location: Basque country
Spain
France
Neo-fascist paramilitaries:
Basque National Liberation Movement :
Victory
Bizerte crisis Location: Bizerte , Tunisia
France
Tunisia
French victory
Sand War Location: Around the oasis towns of Tindouf and Figuig
Morocco Support :France [ 29] Algeria Support :Egypt Cuba [ 31] Military stalemate[ 32] The closing of the border south of Figuig , Morocco/Béni Ounif , Algeria.
Morocco abandoned its intentions to control Béchar and Tindouf after OAU mediation.
No territorial changes were made.
Demilitarized zone established
Dirty War Location: Argentina
Argentina
Supported by:
ERP Montoneros
FAP
Supported by: Cuba
Argentine government victory
Western Sahara War Location: Western Sahara
Morocco Mauritania (1975–1979) France (1977–78) Operation Lamantin , aid from 1978) Saudi Arabia United States
Western Sahara
Algeria Libya (until 1984) North Korea (from 1978)
Inconclusive
Spanish withdrawal under the Madrid Accords (1976)
Mauritanian retreat and withdrawal of territorial claims
Angolan Civil War Location: Angola
UNITA FNLA (1975–1978)South Africa (1975–1991)Zaire (1975)United States (1975–1991)Morocco (1970s)China (1975)FLEC France
MPLA Cuba (1975–1991)SWAPO (1975–1991)ANC (1975–1991)Executive Outcomes (1993–1995)FLNC (1975–2001)Namibia (2001–2002)Soviet Union (1975–1991)Yugoslavia (1975–1991)North Korea (1980s)Brazil Mexico
MPLA Victory
Corsican conflict Location: Corsica
France
Corsican nationalist paramilitaries
Victory
Shaba I Location: Shaba Province , Zaire
France Zaire Morocco Egypt Belgium United States China Saudi Arabia Sudan Nigeria
Front for the National Liberation of the Congo (FNLC)Angola Soviet Union East Germany
Zairian victory
Chadian–Libyan Conflict Location: Chad
France Zaire Nigeria Senegal Sudan Egypt Israel Iraq United States
Libya
PLO (1987) East Germany Soviet Union
Chadian-French victory
Shaba II Location: Shaba , Zaire
France Zaire Belgium Morocco United States China
Front for the National Liberation of the Congo (FNLC)Angola Cuba (alleged)Soviet Union (alleged)
Zairian victory
Rwandan Civil War Location: Rwanda
Rwanda Zaire (1990)France
Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF)
Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) victory
Gulf War Location: Iraq , Kuwait , Saudi Arabia andPersian Gulf
Kuwait United States United Kingdom Saudi Arabia Egypt France Syria Morocco Oman Pakistan Canada United Arab Emirates Qatar Bangladesh Italy Australia Netherlands other allies
Iraq
Coalition victory
Iraqi forces expelled from Kuwait
Kuwaiti independence restored
Destruction of Iraqi and Kuwaiti infrastructure
Djiboutian Civil War Location: Northern Djibouti
Djibouti France
FRUD
Franco-Djiboutian victory
Bosnian War Location: Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina Herzeg-Bosnia Croatia NATO
Republika Srpska Serbian Krajina Western Bosnia (from 1993)FR Yugoslavia Croatian and Bosnian victory
Kosovo War Location: Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija (then part of Serbia )
KLA Belgium Canada Denmark France Germany Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Portugal Spain Turkey United Kingdom United States
FR Yugoslavia
NATO Victory
War in Afghanistan Location: Afghanistan
ISAF
Taliban al-Qaeda
Taliban victory
Insurgency in the Maghreb Location: Maghreb , Sahara desert, Sahel
Algeria Mauritania Tunisia Libya Mali Niger Chad France Turkey
al-Qaeda
Ongoing
First Ivorian Civil War Location: Ivory Coast
A Forces nouvelles' s member caught by the French Foreign Legion in 2004 after a plundering. Ivory Coast Young Patriots of Abidjan militiamercenaries Russia Bulgaria Belarus
France UNOIC
Forces Nouvelles de Côte d'Ivoire
Victory
Haitian coup d'état Location: Haiti
National Revolutionary Front for the Liberation of Haiti
MINUSTAH United States Chile Canada France
Republic of Haiti
Victory
Chadian Civil War Location: Chad
Chad France NMRD JEM
RebelsJanjaweed Sudan (until 2010)
Victory
Somali Civil War Location: Somalia
Somalia United States European Union
Al-Qaeda
Ongoing
Boko Haram insurgency Location: Northeast Nigeria
Nigeria Cameroon Chad Niger Turkey Benin Canada China France Iran Israel Italy Spain United Kingdom United States
Boko Haram
Ongoing
Second Ivorian Civil War Location: Ivory Coast
New Forces RDR UNOCI France
Military of Ivory Coast mercenaries Young Patriots of Abidjan Ivorian Popular Front
Victory
First Libyan Civil War Location: Libya
Part of a group of six, Italian-built, Palmaria self-propelled howitzers of the Gaddafi regime's forces, destroyed by French Rafale airplanes at the west-southern outskirts of Benghazi, Libya, in Opération Harmattan on March 19, 2011. NATO
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya :
Victory
Northern Mali Conflict Location: Northern Mali
Government of Mali
France Turkey ECOWAS
National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad Islamic Movement of Azawad Mixed Results
Operation Serval Success
France withdrew from Mali in 2022[ 36]
Central African Republic Civil War Location: Central African Republic
French soldiers as part of Operation Sangaris , authorized in late 2013.Central African Republic MINUSCA (since 2014) MISCA (2013–2014) MICOPAX (2013)
France (2013–16) South Africa (2012–13) EUFOR RCA (2014–15)
FPRC UPC MPC France ended support for Central African Republic in 2021.[ 37]
Iraqi Civil War Location: Iraq
Iraq CJTF–OIR Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
Victory
Opération Chammal Location: Iraq , Syria , Libya
French Dassault Rafale of Squadron 11F prepares to land on USS Carl Vinson . Carl Vinson is deployed as part of maritime security operations and strike operations in Iraq and Syria. France
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Syria
Ongoing
French airstrikes on ISIL in Iraq and Syria
ISIL ground attacks on French special forces repelled
Operation Aspides Location: Red Sea , Gulf of Aden , Yemen
European Union
Yemen (SPC )
Ongoing
See also
Notes
References
Citations
^ Including the Polish Legions formed in French-allied Italy in 1797, following the abolition of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth after the Third Partition in 1795.
^ The French Revolutionary Army and Dutch revolutionaries overthrew the Dutch Republic and established the Batavian Republic as a puppet state in its place.
^ Various conquered Italian states, including the Cisalpine Republic from 1797
^ Re-entered the war against Britain as an ally of France after signing the Second Treaty of San Ildefonso .
^ Left the war after signing the Treaty of The Hague (1795) with France.
^ Nominally the Holy Roman Empire , under Austrian rule , also encompassed many other Italian states, such as the Duchy of Modena and the Duchy of Massa . Left the war after signing the Treaty of Campo Formio with France.
^ a b c Left the war after signing the Peace of Basel with France.
^ a b Left the war after signing the Peace of Paris with France.
^ Left the war after signing the Treaty of Tolentino with France.
^ Left the war after signing the Treaty of Paris with France.
^ Virtually all of the Italian states, including the neutral Republic of Genoa and the Republic of Venice , as well the Grand Duchy of Tuscany , were conquered following Napoleon 's invasion in 1796 and became French satellite states. The Principality of Monaco had been annexed in 1793. Even Switzerland began to be involved into the conflict through its associated Three Leagues that lost the Val Telline .
^ Olesen, Jens E. (2008). "Schwedisch-Pommern in der schwedischen Politik nach 1806". In North, Michael; Riemer, Robert. Das Ende des Alten Reiches im Ostseeraum. Wahrnehmungen und Transformationen (in German). Böhlau. pp. 289. ISBN 3-412-20108-1 .
^ "Belgian Corps 1832-35 in Portugal's Liberal Wars" . 11 June 2006. Retrieved 17 February 2013 .^ "Siege of Rome | Summary | Britannica" .^ Robert Ryal Miller (1961). "The American Legion of Honor in Mexico". Pacific Historical Review . Berkeley, California, United States: University of California Press. 30 (3). ISSN 0030-8684. Retrieved 13 June 2012.
^ "The activities of the officer the Kuban Cossack army N. S. Leontjev in the Italian-Ethiopic war in 1895–1896" .^ Richard, Pankhurst. "Ethiopia's Historic Quest for Medicine, 6" . The Pankhurst History Library. Archived from the original on 2011-10-03. ^ Patman 2009 , pp. 27–30^ "Soviet Appeasement, Collective Security, and the Italo-Ethiopian war of 1935 and 1936" . libcom.org .^ Thomas Wilson, Edward (1974). Russia and Black Africa Before World War II . New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 57–58. ^ Haggai, Erlich (1997). Ras Alula and the scramble for Africa – a political biography: Ethiopia and Eritrea 1875–1897 . African World Press. ^ a b "Occupation during and after the War (Ottoman Empire) | International Encyclopedia of the First World War (WW1)" . encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net .^ Rettig, pp. 316–317.
^ Radvanyi, Janos (1980). "Vietnam War Diplomacy: Reflections of a Former Iron Curtain Official" (PDF). Parameters: Journal of the US Army War College . Carlise Barracks, Pennsylvania. 10 (3): 8–15.
^ "Cameroon - Moving toward independence | history - geography" . Encyclopædia Britannica . Retrieved 30 April 2018 .^ Nicole Grimaud (1 January 1984). La politique extérieure de l'Algérie (1962-1978) ISBN 978-2-86537-111-2 L'armée française était en 1963 présente en Algérie et au Maroc. Le gouvernement français, officiellement neutre, comme le rappelle le Conseil des ministres du 25 octobre 1963, n'a pas pu empêcher que la coopération très étroite entre l'armée française et l'armée marocaine n'ait eu quelques répercussions sur le terrain. == The French Army was in 1963 present in Algeria and Morocco. The French government, officially neutral, as recalled by the Council of Ministers on October 25, 1963, could not prevent the very close cooperation between the French army and the Moroccan army from having some repercussions on the ground. ^ Brian Latell (24 April 2012). Castro's Secrets: Cuban Intelligence, The CIA, and the Assassination of John F. Kennedy ISBN 978-1-137-00001-9 In this instance, unlike several others, the Cubans did no fighting; Algeria concluded an armistice with the Moroccan king. ^ "Within weeks the war ended in stalemate." Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World : A Historical Encyclopedia, Volume 1 edited by Alexander Mikaberidze Read here.
^ McSherry, J. Patrice (2011). "Chapter 5: "Industrial repression" and Operation Condor in Latin America". In Esparza, Marcia; Henry R. Huttenbach; Daniel Feierstein (eds.). State Violence and Genocide in Latin America: The Cold War Years (Critical Terrorism Studies) Routledge . p. 107 . ISBN 978-0415664578 ^ Greg Grandin (2011). The Last Colonial Massacre: Latin America in the Cold War University of Chicago Press . p. 75 . ISBN 9780226306902 ^ Walter L. Hixson (2009). The Myth of American Diplomacy: National Identity and U.S. Foreign Policy Yale University Press . p. 223 . ISBN 0300151314
^ French Soldiers Quit Mali After 9 Years, Billions Spent and Many Lives Lost ^ France suspends military, budgetary support to Central African Republic , 8 June 2021
Bibliography
Brown, Kenneth L. (1976). People of Sale: Tradition and Change in a Moroccan City, 1830–1930 . Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press . ISBN 978-0-674-66155-4 Croxton, Derek (2013). The Last Christian Peace: The Congress of Westphalia as A Baroque Event . Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-137-33332-2 Kendall, Paul Murray (1974). Louis XI . Cardinal. Ottaway, David (1970). Algeria: The Politics of a Socialist Revolution . Berkeley, California: University of California Press . ISBN 9780520016552 Patman, Robert G. (2009). The Soviet Union in the Horn of Africa: The Diplomacy of Intervention and Disengagement . Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-10251-3 Saenger, Paul (Spring 1977). "Burgundy and the Inalienability of Appanages in the Reign of Louis XI". French Historical Studies . 10 (1): 1–26. doi :10.2307/286114 . JSTOR 286114 . Teretta, Meredith (2013). Nation of Outlaws, State of Violence: Nationalism, Grassfields Tradition, and State Building in Cameroon . Athens: Ohio University Press. ISBN 9780821444726
Lists of wars involving European countries
Sovereign states States with limited Dependencies and
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