List of tree species by shade tolerance
A list of tree species, grouped generally by biogeographic realm and specifically by bioregions , and shade tolerance . Shade-tolerant species are species that are able to thrive in the shade , and in the presence of natural competition by other plants. Shade-intolerant species require full sunlight and little or no competition. Intermediate shade-tolerant trees fall somewhere in between the two.
Eastern North America
Shade tolerant
Abies balsamea Acer negundo Acer saccharum Aesculus spp. Carpinus caroliniana Carya laciniosa [ 1] Chamaecyparis thyoides Cornus florida Hamamelis virginiana Diospyros spp. Fagus grandifolia Ilex opaca Magnolia grandiflora Morus rubra Nyssa spp. Ostrya virginiana Oxydendrum arboreum Picea glauca Picea mariana Picea rubens Tilia americana Thuja occidentalis Tsuga canadensis Ulmus rubra
Intermediate shade tolerant
Acer rubrum [ 2] Acer saccharinum Betula alleghaniensis Betula lenta Carya spp. Castanea dentata Celtis occidentalis Fraxinus americana Fraxinus pennsylvanica Fraxinus nigra Magnolia spp. Quercus alba Quercus macrocarpa Quercus nigra Quercus rubra Quercus velutina Pinus elliottii Pinus strobus Taxodium distichum Ulmus americana Ulmus thomasii
Shade intolerant
Betula papyrifera Betula populifolia Carya cordiformis Catalpa spp. Carya illinoinensis Gymnocladus dioicus Juglans cinerea Juglans nigra Juniperus virginiana Larix laricina Liriodendron tulipifera Maclura pomifera Pinus banksiana Pinus echinata Pinus palustris Pinus resinosa Pinus rigida Pinus taeda Pinus virginiana Platanus occidentalis Populus deltoides Populus grandidentata Populus tremuloides Prunus pensylvanica Prunus serotina Quercus stellata Robinia pseudoacacia Ulmus alata Salix spp. Sassafras spp.
Western North America
Shade tolerant
Abies amabilis Abies concolor Abies grandis Abies lasiocarpa Acer circinatum Acer macrophyllum Arbutus arizonica Arbutus menziesii Arbutus xalapensis Cupressus nootkatensis Calocedrus decurrens Notholithocarpus densiflorus Picea engelmannii Picea sitchensis Quercus chrysolepis Sebastiania pavoniana [ 3] Sequoia sempervirens Sequoiadendron giganteum Taxus brevifolia Thuja plicata Torreya californica Tsuga heterophylla Tsuga mertensiana Umbellularia californica
Intermediate shade tolerant
Abies magnifica Alnus rubra Cercis canadensis Chrysolepis spp. Fraxinus latifolia Juniperus ashei Picea pungens Prunus mexicana Pinus lambertiana Pinus monticola Pinus radiata Pseudotsuga spp. Quercus garryana Quercus lobata
Shade intolerant
Abies procera Juniperus californica Juniperus deppeana Juniperus monosperma Juniperus occidentalis Juniperus osteosperma Juniperus scopulorum Larix lyallii Larix occidentalis Pinus albicaulis Pinus aristata Pinus attenuata Pinus balfouriana Pinus contorta Pinus coulteri Pinus flexilis Pinus jeffreyi Pinus longaeva Pinus muricata Pinus ponderosa Pinus sabineana Pinus Ducampopinus spp. Populus fremontii Populus tremuloides
Shade tolerant
Abies alba [ 4] Acer platanoides Acer pseudoplatanus Carpinus betulus Fagus sylvatica [ 4] Ilex aquifolium Ostrya carpinifolia Prunus avium Sorbus domestica Sorbus torminalis Taxus baccata [ 4] Ulmus glabra Ulmus laevis
Intermediate shade tolerant
Acer campestre Acer monspessulanum Acer opalus Alnus glutinosa Alnus incana Castanea sativa Fraxinus excelsior Fraxinus ornus Juglans regia Mespilus germanica Picea abies Pinus cembra Prunus padus Pyrus pyraster Quercus cerris Quercus petraea Sorbus aria Sorbus aucuparia Sorbus intermedia Tilia cordata Tilia platyphyllos [ 5] Ulmus minor
Shade intolerant
Betula pendula Betula pubescens Juniperus communis Larix decidua Malus sylvestris Pinus mugo Pinus nigra Pinus sylvestris Populus alba Populus nigra Populus tremula Quercus pubescens Quercus robur Salix alba Salix caprea Salix fragilis
References
^ Best Management Practices - Agroforestry Series Volume 1: Woodlot Management (18E ed.). Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs. 2007. p. 15.^ "Acer rubrum" . www.fs.fed.us . Retrieved 2018-01-26 .^ Hilje, Branko; Calvo-Alvarado, Julio; Jiménez-Rodríguez, César; Sánchez-Azofeifa, Arturo (23 March 2015). "Tree species composition, breeding systems, and pollination and dispersal syndromes in three forest successional stages in a tropical dry forest in Mesoamerica" . Tropical Conservation Science . 8 (1): 76–94. doi :10.1177/194008291500800109 hdl :2238/6926 ISSN 1940-0829 . OCLC 5807396390 . ^ a b c von Linstow, O. (1929). Bodenanzeigende Pflanzen (2. Aufl. ed.). Berlin: Preußisch Geologische Landesanstalt. ^ Linden trees are sometimes regarded as shade-tolerant and sometimes as light-loving. Two German papers claim that light requirements of Tilia platyphyllos are greater than of Tilia cordata and that they change with climate, age of the tree and soil quality: [1] Archived 2014-05-05 at the Wayback Machine [2] Archived 2003-12-11 at the Wayback Machine
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