These are lists of notable surgeons.

• Silvano Raia (born 1930), Raia was the first surgeon to achieve a successful living donor liver transplantation in July 1989
• B. K. Misra (born 1953), First neurosurgeon in the world to perform image-guided surgery for aneurysms, first in South Asia to perform stereotactic radiosurgery, first in India to perform awake craniotomy and laparoscopic spine surgery.^[1]
• Claudius Amyand (1680–1740), performed the first Appendicectomy
• Christiaan Barnard (1922–2001), cardiac surgery, first heart transplantation
• William DeVries (born 1943), first permanent artificial heart transplant
• Eric Mühe (1938–2005), first laparoscopic cholecystectomy
• Paul Randall Harrington (1911–1980), first interior fixation of the spine by means of a Harrington rod.
• John Heysham Gibbon (1903–1973), first open heart surgery
• Simon Hullihen (1810–1857), The Father of Oral Surgery
• John Hunter (1728–1793), first aneurysm operation and founder of early schools of anatomy
• Leonard B. Kaban, Walter C. Guralnick Professor and Chair of the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at the Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard University, pioneer in oral, maxillofacial and craniofacial surgery
• Richard Lehman (surgeon), pioneered several orthopedic surgeries
• Frederic E. Mohs (1910–2002), developed the Mohs Micrographic Surgery technique (MMS) aka Mohs surgery in 1938 to remove skin cancer lesions.
• Dallas B. Phemister (1882–1951), developed the Phemister graft and early innovator in orthopedics
• Theodore H. Schwartz (born 1965), first center in New York City to use intraoperative MRI scanning during endoscopic pituitary surgery
• Lall Sawh (born 1951), C.M.T., F.R.C.S.(Edin.). Kidney transplantation pioneer in the Caribbean and Latin America. Early proponent of Viagra.
• Michael Woodruff (1911–2001), transplantation pioneer.
• Sergelen Orgoi developed low cost liver transplantation for developing countries

• Norman Bethune (1890–1939), Canadian thoracic surgeon and humanitarian, early proponent of universal health care and inventor of the first practical mobile blood transport unit.
• Victor Chang (1936–1991)
• Svyatoslav Fyodorov (1927–2000), creator of radial keratotomy
• John Heysham Gibbon (1903–1973), invented the heart-lung machine.
• Henry Gray (1827–1861), author of Gray's Anatomy
• Moshe Gueron (1926–2017), best known for his pioneering research about human heart influences in result of scorpion sting.
• Gavril Ilizarov (1921–1992), Russian orthopedic surgeon who invented the procedure to lengthen or reshape limb bones.
• Walter Lawrence Jr. (1925–2021), surgical oncologist and leader in civil rights health equity efforts
• Lars Leksell (1907–1986), neurosurgery, inventor of radiosurgery
• Joseph Lister (1827–1912), discoverer of surgical asepsis
• Kakish Ryskulova (1918–2018), inventor of new techniques in vascular surgery
• Hilda Villegas Castrejón (1931–2012), Mexican surgeon and pioneer in electron microscopy
• Vivien Thomas (1910–1985), developer with Alfred Blalock (1899–1964) and Helen B. Taussig (1898–1986) of the first congenital heart surgery techniques

• History of surgery
• Surgery
• Women in medicine

• History of Surgeons on surgeons.org.uk
• Famous Surgeons on mcqsurgery.com