1. Doping is defined as the occurrence of one or more of the anti-doping rule violations set out in Rule 32.2 of these Anti-Doping Rules.
2. Athletes or other Persons shall be responsible for knowing what constitutes an anti-doping rule violation and the substances and methods which have been included on the Prohibited List. The following constitute anti-doping rule violations:
(a) Presence of a Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites or Markers in an Athlete's Sample.[1]
^"European Championships 5000 meters". tas-cas.org. Retrieved 28 August 2018. Alemitu Bekele Degfa (TUR) finished 1st in 14:52.20 but was disqualified retroactively from December 2012 for drug use.
^"Pishchalnikova given 10-year doping ban". reuters.com. 30 April 2013. Retrieved 28 August 2018. In a separate case, European 800 meters champion Yelena Arzhakova was banned for two years, starting from January 29, 2013
^ abc"The dirtiest race in history?". sportsintegrityinitiative.com. 7 March 2016. Retrieved 29 August 2018. In this race, both Alptekin and Bulut finished first and second respectively, while the Ukraine's Anna Mischenko, who finished third, and Russia's Ekaterina Ishova, who finished fourth, have both since been disqualified by the IAAF for an ADRV and abnormal ABP results respectively.
^"Ukraine apologise to WADA and IAAF over embarrassing amnesty claim for drugs cheats". insidethegames.biz. 12 April 2017. Retrieved 29 August 2018. Anna Mishchenko and Svitlana Shmidt also lost the silver medals they had won in the 1500 and 3,000 metres steeplechase respectively at the 2012 European Championships in Helsinki following the retests.