List of shipwrecks in August 1883

The list of shipwrecks in August 1883 includes ships sunk, foundered, grounded, or otherwise lost during August 1883.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

2 August

List of shipwrecks: 2 August 1883
Ship State Description
Carnatic  United Kingdom The clipper foundered off the Cape of Good Hope, Cape Colony. All nineteen people on board were rescued on 4 August by the full-rigged ship Alumbagh ( United Kingdom). Carnatic was on a voyage from Taifanfoo, Formosa to New York, United States.[1][2]

5 August

List of shipwrecks: 5 August 1883
Ship State Description
Queen Mab  Russia The yacht struck the wreck of Flamingo ( United Kingdom) and sank off St. Margaret's Bay, Kent, United Kingdom. Her crew survived.[3]

6 August

List of shipwrecks: 6 August 1883
Ship State Description
Jane  United Kingdom The smack was driven ashore at Keiss, Caithness.[3]

7 August

List of shipwrecks: 7 August 1883
Ship State Description
A. C. Meyer  Germany The ship departed from Quebec City, Canada for Cardiff, Glamorgan, United Kingdom. No further trace, reported overdue.[4]

8 August

List of shipwrecks: 8 August 1883
Ship State Description
Speranza  Norway The barque collided with the barque Erstatningen ( Norway) and sank in the English Channel 10 nautical miles (19 km) off Dover, Kent, United Kingdom. Her crew were rescued by Speranza.[5]
William Miles  United Kingdom The barque ran aground and sank near Porthcawl, Glamorgan. The lifeboat Chafyn Grove ( Royal National Lifeboat Institution) rescued all thirteen people on board.[6] William Miles was on a voyage from Havre de Grâce, Seine-Inférieure, France to Swansea, Glamorgan.[7]

9 August

List of shipwrecks: 9 August 1883
Ship State Description
Givalia  United Kingdom The steamship was driven ashore at Port Glasgow, Renfrewshire.[8]
J. E. Furlong  United Kingdom The schooner was abandoned off Ballycastle, County Antrim. Her four crew were rescued.[8]
Joseph Thompson  United Kingdom The ship departed from Coosaw Island, South Carolina, United States for Bo'ness, Lothian. No further trace, reported overdue.[4]

10 August

List of shipwrecks: 10 August 1883
Ship State Description
Evie Reed  United States The barque was driven ashore in the "Pamalang Islands". She was on a voyage from Samarang, Netherlands East Indies to Manila, Spanish East Indies. She was refloated on 23 August and taken in to Sourabaya, Netherlands East Indies.[9]
Louisa  United Kingdom The Thames barge sprang a leak and sank in the River Thames at Erith, Kent. Her crew were rescued by another Thames barge.[8]
Sarah Lavina  United States The schooner was sunk in a collision with the steamship Willam Lawrence ( United States) near Point Lookout with the loss of four lives.[10]

11 August

List of shipwrecks: 11 August 1883
Ship State Description
Hillechina  Netherlands The schooner sprang a leak and foundered in the North Sea (56°10′N 6°55′E / 56.167°N 6.917°E / 56.167; 6.917). Her six crew were rescued by the steamship Granville ( United Kingdom). Hillechina was on a voyage from Delfzijl, Groningen to Sundsvall, Sweden.[11]

12 August

List of shipwrecks: 12 August 1883
Ship State Description
Norden, and
Palmer 		 Norway The barque Norden collided with the brig Norden. Both vessels were severely damaged.[11]
Provenzel  Spain The steamship was lost near Santona. Her crew were rescued.[11]

13 August

List of shipwrecks: 13 August 1883
Ship State Description
Evelyn  United Kingdom The steamship was run into by the steamship Ghazee ( United Kingdom) and sank off Cape St. Vincent, Portugal. Evelyn was on a voyage from Cardiff, Glamorgan to Salerno, Sicily, Italy.[12]
Merthyr  United Kingdom The steamship ran aground at Portugalete, Spain. She was run into by the steamship Rumney ( United Kingdom) and was holed.[11]
Nereid  United Kingdom The barque collided with HMS Eclipse ( Royal Navy) and sank in the Mediterranean Sea 40 nautical miles (74 km) south of Cape Palos, Spain (37°14′N 0°12′W / 37.233°N 0.200°W / 37.233; -0.200). Her ten crew were rescued by HMS Eclipse. Nereid was on a voyage from North Shields, Northumberland to Tarragona, Spain.[13][14]

14 August

List of shipwrecks: 14 August 1883
Ship State Description
Luso  Portugal The steamship was wrecked at "Giuberon". Her crew were rescued.[11]

15 August

List of shipwrecks: 15 August 1883
Ship State Description
William Hartmann  Netherlands The steamship was driven ashore and wrecked at the Hoek van Holland, South Holland. She was on a voyage from Huelva, Spain to Rotterdam, South Holland.[15]
Theodore Catharina  Germany The ship departed from Savannah, Georgia, United States for London, United Kingdom. No further trace, reported overdue.[4]
Maassluis Lifeboat  United Kingdom The lifeboat capsized whilst going to the assistance of William Hartmann ( Netherlands) with the loss of five lives.[15]

16 August

List of shipwrecks: 16 August 1883
Ship State Description
Airy  United Kingdom The steamship was driven ashore and wrecked on the Arabian coast at "Neshto". Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Bombay, India to Port Said, Egypt.[16][17]
Baron Mackay Netherlands Netherlands East Indies The steamship struck a rock and was wrecked in the Karimata Strait.[15]
Corinth  United Kingdom The steamship ran aground on the Elba Reef, in the Red Sea. She was on a voyage from Bombay, India to Marseille, Bouches-du-Rhône, France.[15] She was refloated on 19 August and subsequently taken in to Suez, Egypt.[18]

17 August

List of shipwrecks: 17 August 1883
Ship State Description
Ariel  United Kingdom The steamship put in to Tunis, Tunisia on fire. She was on a voyage from Agrigento, Sicily, Italy to London.[19]
Eider  United Kingdom The steamship was driven ashore in the Oude Vlie. She was on a voyage from London to Harlingen, Friesland, Netherlands.[19] She was refloated on 30 August.[20]
Zenobia  Norway The barque was driven ashore at "Krawing", Netherlands East Indies. She was on a voyage from Pakalongan, Netherlands East Indies to Lisbon, Portugal.[19]

19 August

List of shipwrecks: 19 August 1883
Ship State Description
Waterloo  Netherlands The ship departed from Pensacola, Florida, United States for Amsterdam, North Holland. No further trace, reported missing.[21]

20 August

List of shipwrecks: 20 August 1883
Ship State Description
C. T. B.  United Kingdom The ship departed from Lisbon, Portugal for Amlwch, Anglesey. No further trace,.[22] reported missing.[23]

22 August

List of shipwrecks: 22 August 1883
Ship State Description
Unnamed  Russia The lighter was run into by the steamship Gordonia ( United Kingdom) and sank at Riga.[18]

23 August

List of shipwrecks: 23 August 1883
Ship State Description
Cyane  United States The whaler, a barque ran aground in the Chukchi Sea 5 nautical miles (9.3 km) north east of Point Belcher (70°47′40″N 159°39′02″W / 70.79444°N 159.65056°W / 70.79444; -159.65056 (Point Belcher)), Department of Alaska, during a gale. Her seventeen crew abandoned ship and survived, but she broke up.[24]
Emma Kline  United States The steamship was sunk in a collision with the steamship Dauntless ( United States) with the loss of one life.[10]
Fratelli Arecco  Italy The ship was wrecked at Durban, Natal Colony. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Akyab, Buram to the English Channel.[9]
Margaret  France The schooner foundered in the Atlantic Ocean 10 nautical miles (19 km) south west of Looe, Cornwall, United Kingdom. Her crew survived. She was on a voyage from Cardiff, Glamorgan, United Kingdom to Brest, Finistère.[9]
Merriano  United Kingdom The steamship was driven ashore at Kastrup, Denmark. She was on a voyage from Grangemouth, Stirlingshire to Ystad, Sweden.[9]
Oregon  Chile The barque foundered on Oeno Island, one of the Pitcairn Islands.[25][26]

24 August

List of shipwrecks: 24 August 1883
Ship State Description
Thames  United Kingdom The steam lighter was run into by the steamship Egypt ( United Kingdom) and sank in the River Thames at Woolwich, Kent. Thames was subsequently refloated and taken in to Sheerness, Kent for repairs.[27][28][29]

25 August

List of shipwrecks: 25 August 1883
Ship State Description
HMS Jumna  Royal Navy The troopship collided with HMS Minotaur ( Royal Navy) and ran aground at Plymouth, Devon.[30]
Kismet  United Kingdom The barque caught fire and was abandoned off the coast of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Her crew were rescued by the steamship Menes ( Germany). Kismet was on a voyage from Liverpool, Lancashire to Callao, Peru.[31]
Marinella  United Kingdom The yacht was driven ashore near "Scalpa". She was refloated on 28 August and beached at Kyleakin, Isle of Skye.[32]
Palermo, and
Rivoli 		 Germany
 United Kingdom 		The steamship Rivoli was run into by the steamship Palermo and sank off Ouessant, Finistère, France with the loss of five of her crew. Survivors were rescued by Palermo. Rivoli was on a voyage from Bilbao, Spain to Middlesbrough, Yorkshire. Palermo was severely damaged. She put in to Falmouth, Cornwall the next day waterlogged at the bow.[33][34]
Teutonia  United Kingdom The steamship was driven ashore at Cape Mazagan, Morocco. She was on a voyage from Glasgow, Renfrewshire to Buenos Aires, Argentina. She was refloated and taken in to Gibraltar in a leaky condition.[35]
Werneth Hall  United Kingdom The steamship ran aground in the Berlengas. She was on a voyage from Liverpool, Lancashire to Bombay, India. She was refloated and put in to Lisbon, Portugal in a leaky condition.[34]

26 August

List of shipwrecks: 26 August 1883
Ship State Description
Elma  United Kingdom The steamship was driven ashore at Stubben, Denmark. She was on a voyage from Cronstadt, Russia to London. She was refloated and put in to Copenhagen, Denmark.[35]
Norbiton  United Kingdom The steamship was run into by the steamship Acadia ( United Kingdom) at Gibraltar and was severely damabed.[35]
Pauline David  Belgium The steamship ran aground during a dense fog, 15 nautical miles (28 km) north of Cape St Vincent, Portugal. Her 26 crew abandoned ship. They were rescued the next day by Gelert ( United Kingdom).[36][37]
Rowland  United Kingdom The steamship ran aground in the Danube 35 nautical miles (65 km) from its mouth.[35] She was refloated the next day and taken in to Galaţi, Romania.[32]
Saint-Germain, and
Woodburn 		 France
 United Kingdom 		Whilst under tow of the tug Recovery ( United Kingdom), the steamship Woodburn was run into by the ocean liner Saint-Germain. Woodburn was cut in two and sank in the English Channel 45 nautical miles (83 km) south west of Plymouth, Devon with the loss of twenty of the 31 people on board. Survivors were rescued by St Germain. Woodburn had been on a voyage from Bombay to London, but had put in to Lisbon, Portugal due to a defect in her propeller shaft. She was being towed to London by Recovery. Saint-Germain was on a voyage from Havre de Grâce, Seine-Inférieure to New York, United States. She became waterlogged at the bow and was towed in to Plymouth by the tug Perseverance ( United Kingdom). It was decided that temporary repairs would be made there before Saint-Germain returned to a French port for permanent repairs.[38][34]

27 August

List of shipwrecks: 27 August 1883
Ship State Description
HNLMS Berouw Netherlands Royal Netherlands Navy 1883 eruption of Krakatoa: The gunboat was anchored in the harbor at Telok Betong, Sumatra, Netherlands East Indies, when a tsunami generated by an eruption of Krakatoa washed her into the city's Chinese quarter at 7:30 a.m. A larger tsunami at 11:00 a.m. carried Berouw up the valley of the Koeripan River and dumped her 0.97 nautical miles (1.8 km) inland at an elevation of 30 feet (9 m). Her entire crew of 28 died.[39]
Dido  Germany The barque was driven ashore 5 nautical miles (9.3 km) east of Baltimore, County Cork, United Kingdom. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Liverpool, Lancashire, United Kingdom to New York, United States.[35]
Edith  United Kingdom The steamship collided with the steamship Dordogne ( United Kingdom) and sank off the coast of Finistère, France. Her crew were rescued.[35] Edith was on a voyage from Swansea, Glamorgan to the Charente.[40]
George Sutton  United Kingdom The ship departed from Newcastle upon Tyne, Northumberland for Cork. No further trace, reported overdue.[41]
John Marychurch  United Kingdom The ship ran aground at "Reni", Romania. She was refloated on 29 August and taken in to Galaţi, Romania.[20]
Prinses Wilhelmina  Netherlands 1883 eruption of Krakatoa: The cargo-liner was stranded while in port at Tanjung Priok, Netherland East Indies by a tsunami of less than 6.6 feet (2 m) in height. She was refloated and returned to service.[42][43]
Rydal  United Kingdom The steamship was driven ashore at Cabo da Roca, Portugal. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Newport, Monmouthshire to Naples, Italy.[35]
Unnamed Flag unknown 1883 eruption of Krakatoa: A large ship was left on the top of some trees 4 nautical miles (7.4 km) inland.[44]

28 August

List of shipwrecks: 28 August 1883
Ship State Description
Fifeshire  United Kingdom The steamship foundered in the Atlantic Ocean 4 nautical miles (7.4 km) north of Cabo da Roca, Portugal. Her 24 crew were rescued by the steamship Olympia ( United Kingdom). Fifeshire was on a voyage from Cardiff, Glamorgan to Malta.[45]
Rapid  United Kingdom The steamship was wrecked near Brest, Finistère, France. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Bilbao, Spain to Cardiff.[46]
Tempest  United Kingdom The schooner was driven ashore at Wexford. She was on a voyage from Waterford to Wexford. She was refloated the next day and taken in to Wexford.[32]
Theodore  United Kingdom The ketch was driven onto the Longnose Rocks, Margate, Kent.[32] She was refloated the next day.[20]
Troubador  United Kingdom The steamship departed from Gibraltar for Plymouth, Devon. No further trace, presumed foundered in the Bay of Biscay with the loss of all 27 crew.[47]
Unnamed vessel Flag unknown An excursion steamship suffered a boiler explosion on the Hudson River and sank. The loss of life is unknown, although most of the several hundred on board were saved.[48]

29 August

List of shipwrecks: 29 August 1883
Ship State Description
Anna  Germany The schooner was wrecked west of Domesnes, Russia. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Riga, Russia to an English port.[32]
Brenda  United Kingdom The brig was wrecked at Nagasaki, Japan.[32]
Cherubini  United Kingdom The steamship departed from Sunderland, County Durham for Genoa, Kingdom of Italy. No further trace, presumed foundered with the loss of all 23 crew.[49]
City of Glasgow  United Kingdom The steamship departed from Glasgow, Renfrewshire for Oporto, Portugal. No further trace, reported overdue.[50]
C. S. P.  United Kingdom The pilot boat sank in Swansea Bay.[51]
James Bliss  United States The fishing schooner sank in a gale on the Grand Banks of Newfoundland with the loss of all eleven or twelve crew.[52][53]
Marguerite  France The fishing trawler caught fire and was abandoned in the English Channel. Her nine crew survived. She came ashore at East Blatchington, Sussex, United Kingdom and was burnt out.[45]

30 August

List of shipwrecks: 30 August 1883
Ship State Description
Zelini  United Kingdom The steamship departed from Cardiff, Glamorgan for Oporto, Portugal. No further trace, presumed foundered with the loss of all hands. A lifeboat sighted in the Bay of Biscay may have been from Zelini.[54]

31 August

List of shipwrecks: 31 August 1883
Ship State Description
Aristos  United Kingdom The brigantine was driven ashore on Flores Island, Azores. All on board were rescued. She was on a voyage from Faial Island, Azores to Boston.[55]
Louise  United Kingdom The steamship collided with the steamship Senior ( Netherlands) and sank off the Île du Nord, Gironde.[56]

Unknown date

List of shipwrecks: Unknown date in August 1883
Ship State Description
Alaska  United States The schooner departed from Canso, Nova Scotia, Canada on 24 August. She was probably lost with all twelve crew in the gale of 29 August.[57]
Cambodia  United Kingdom The steamship caught fire at Aden, Aden Settlement.[8]
Challenge  United States The schooner was lost on Long Beach, Cape Race, Newfoundland Colony. Her crew were saved.[58]
City of Durham  United Kingdom The steamship was wrecked on the Saintes, off the coast of Finistère, France. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Bilbao, Spain to Cardiff, Glamorgan.[35][40]
Consclation Flag unknown The steamship was totally wrecked on the Rashafoon rock in the Red Sea. Her passengers and crew were rescued by the steamship Natal ( France).[59]
Der Versuch Flag unknown The ship was abandoned in the Atlantic Ocean. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Cardiff, Glamorgan, United Kingdom to Quebec City, Canada.[11]
Earl of Dumfries  United Kingdom The steamship was driven ashore at Lisbon, Portugal before 5 August.[3] She was refloated in late August and towed in to Lisbon.[32]
Evelyn  United Kingdom The steamship collided with another vessel and sank off Cape St Vincent, Portugal with the loss of a crew member.[60]
George Sutton  United Kingdom The ship departed from Newcastle upon Tyne, Northumberland for Cork. No further trace, presumed foundered with the loss of all hands.[31]
Karl William Flag unknown The ship foundered before 11 August. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Niuzhuang to Amoy, China.[11]
Lottie  United Kingdom The steamship was driven ashore at "Balcal", Portugal on or before 22 August. Her crew were rescued.[18] She subsequently became a wreck.[9]
Maria Auger  France The barque was destroyed by fire at sea. Her crew were rescued.[40]
Mayflower  United Kingdom The schooner caught fire at Newquay, Cornwall and was scuttled. She was on a voyage from Swansea, Glamorgan to Plymouth, Devon.[3]
Nor  Norway The brigantine was driven ashore at Korsør, Denmark. She was on a voyage from Leith, Lothian, United Kingdom to Korsør. She was refloated and taken in to Korsør.[20]
Octavia Dominion of Newfoundland Newfoundland Colony The ship was wrecked at Ferryland. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Saint John's to Sydney, Nova Scotia.[3]
Pauline David  Belgium The steamship struck a rock and foundered.[45]
Perseveranceken  Belgium The boat suffered an onboard explosion and sank at Wesel, Germany with the loss of all but her captain.[19]
Prince Arthur  United Kingdom The barque was driven ashore and wrecked in the Fiji Islands before 10 August.[61]
Rapid  United Kingdom The brig was driven ashore on Seal Island, Nova Scotia. She was on a voyage from Saint John, New Brunswick to Portrush, County Antrim.[35]
Royal Crown  United Kingdom The steamship ran aground near Baltimore, Maryland, United States. She was on a voyage from Baltimore to a French port.[8]
Serena  United Kingdom The barque was abandoned at sea with the loss of four of her crew. She was on a voyage from Swansea, Glamorgan to Valparaíso, Chile.[34]
Washington  United States The ship was driven ashore at "Romer". She was on a voyage from London, United Kingdom to New York.[11]
Wealthy Pendleton  United States The ship foundered in the South Atlantic. Her crew survived. She was on a voyage from "Malton Island" to Hamburg, Germany.[62]
Two unnamed vessels  United Kingdom The steamships ran aground on the Portuguese coast over a fortnight, due to thick fogs.[63][64] One came ashore north of Cape St. Vincent before 5 August.[65] The other came ashore south of Ericeira.[32]

References

  1. ^ "Disasters At Sea". The Times. No. 30919. London. 7 September 1883. col D, p. 4.
  2. ^ "SHIPBUILDERS - PAGE 25". Searle. Retrieved 13 September 2022.
  3. ^ a b c d e "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times. No. 30892. London. 7 August 1883. col C, p. 10.
  4. ^ a b c "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times. No. 31002. London. 13 December 1883. col F, p. 11.
  5. ^ "Disaster in the Channel". The Times. No. 30894. London. 9 August 1883. col F, p. 6.
  6. ^ Tovey, Ron. "A Chronology of Bristol Channel Shipwrecks" (PDF). Swansea Docks. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 December 2014. Retrieved 20 December 2014.
  7. ^ "Board of Trade Inquiry". The Times. No. 30914. London. 1 September 1883. col B, p. 7.
  8. ^ a b c d e "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times. No. 30896. London. 11 August 1883. col E, p. 11.
  9. ^ a b c d e "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times. No. 30907. London. 24 August 1883. col E, p. 10.
  10. ^ a b "Annual report of the Supervising Inspector-general Steamboat-inspection Service, Year ending June 30, 1884". Columbia University. Retrieved 4 February 2020.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times. No. 30898. London. 14 August 1883. col F, p. 9.
  12. ^ "Probate, Divorce, And Admiralty Division". The Times. No. 31059. London. 18 February 1884. col D, p. 4.
  13. ^ "Disasters At Sea". The Times. No. 30900. London. 16 August 1883. col E, p. 10.
  14. ^ "The Eclipse Collision". The Times. No. 30912. London. 30 August 1883. col F, p. 4.
  15. ^ a b c d "Disasters At Sea". The Times. No. 30901. London. 17 August 1883. col F, p. 8.
  16. ^ "Disasters At Sea". The Times. No. 30939. London. 1 October 1883. col F, p. 7.
  17. ^ "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times. No. 30940. London. 2 October 1883. col F, p. 7.
  18. ^ a b c "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times. No. 30906. London. 23 August 1883. col C, p. 10.
  19. ^ a b c d "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times. No. 30902. London. 18 August 1883. col F, p. 11.
  20. ^ a b c d "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times. No. 30913. London. 31 August 1883. col D, p. 10.
  21. ^ "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times. No. 31069. London. 29 February 1884. col E, p. 11.
  22. ^ "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times. No. 30958. London. 25 October 1883. col F, p. 7.
  23. ^ "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times. No. 30966. London. 1 November 1883. col F, p. 10.
  24. ^ alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (C)
  25. ^ "Our Ships and our Sailors". The Cornishman. No. 289. 24 January 1884. p. 5.
  26. ^ "Shipwrecks". Pitcairn Islands Philatelic Bureau. Government of the Pitcairn Islands. 22 June 1994. Retrieved 21 September 2019. 23 August 1883 ... the Pitcairners found a boat belonging to the barque Oregon bound from Oregon to Chile which had struck the reefs of Oeno.
  27. ^ "A Government Steamer Sunk". The Cornishman. No. 268. 30 August 1883. p. 7.
  28. ^ "Collision In The Thames". The Times. No. 30908. London. 25 August 1883. col A, p. 8.
  29. ^ "Naval and Military Intelligence". The Times. No. 30929. London. 19 September 1883. col A, p. 6.
  30. ^ "Naval And Military Intelligence". The Times. No. 30909. London. 27 August 1883. col A, p. 5.
  31. ^ a b "Disasters At Sea". The Times. No. 30933. London. 24 September 1883. col F, p. 7.
  32. ^ a b c d e f g h "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times. No. 30912. London. 30 August 1883. col D, p. 8.
  33. ^ "Collision At Sea And Loss Of Life". The Cornishman. No. 268. 30 August 1883. p. 4.
  34. ^ a b c d "Disasters At Sea". The Times. No. 30909. London. 27 August 1883. col D-E, p. 4.
  35. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times. No. 30910. London. 28 August 1883. col F, p. 11.
  36. ^ "A Shipwrecked Crew Landed At Falmouth". The Cornishman. No. 269. 6 September 1883. p. 7.
  37. ^ "Disasters At Sea". The Times. No. 30915. London. 3 September 1883. col E-F, p. 4.
  38. ^ "A Disastrous Collision". The Cornishman. No. 268. 30 August 1883. p. 7.
  39. ^ Blong, R. J., Volcanic Hazards: A Sourcebook on the Effects of Eruptions, New York: Academic Press, 1984, ISBN 0 12 107180 4, p. 276.
  40. ^ a b c "Disasters At Sea". The Times. No. 30910. London. 28 August 1883. col F, p. 5.
  41. ^ "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times. No. 31008. London. 20 December 1883. col F, p. 11.
  42. ^ Thornton, Ian, Krakatau: The Destruction and Reassembly of an Island Ecosystem, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1996, ISBN 0-674-50568-9, p. 13 Retrieved 28 February 2020
  43. ^ clydeships.co.uk Screw Steamer PRINSES WILHELMINA Built by John Elder & Co.
  44. ^ "A Desolate Island". The Cornishman. No. 315. 10 July 1884. p. 7.
  45. ^ a b c "Disasters At Sea". The Times. No. 30912. London. 30 August 1883. col F, p. 3.
  46. ^ "Disasters At Sea". The Times. No. 30911. London. 29 August 1883. col F, p. 3.
  47. ^ "Disasters At Sea". The Times. No. 30928. London. 18 September 1883. col D, p. 8.
  48. ^ "Explosion On Board An Excursion Steamer". The Cornishman. No. 268. 30 August 1883. p. 7.
  49. ^ "Disasters At Sea". The Times. No. 30935. London. 26 September 1883. col F, p. 7.
  50. ^ "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times. No. 30948. London. 11 October 1883. col F, p. 8.
  51. ^ "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times. No. 30923. London. 12 September 1883. col F, p. 11.
  52. ^ "Lost at sea". gloucester-ma.gov. Archived from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 25 May 2021.
  53. ^ "James Bliss (+1883)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 25 May 2021.
  54. ^ "Disasters At Sea". The Times. No. 30929. London. 19 September 1883. col E, p. 5.
  55. ^ "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times. No. 30942. London. 4 October 1883. col D, p. 11.
  56. ^ "Disaster At Sea". The Times. No. 30914. London. 1 September 1883. col F, p. 6.
  57. ^ "The Alaska". downtothesea.com. Retrieved 29 June 2021.
  58. ^ "1883". downtothesea.com. Retrieved 29 June 2021.
  59. ^ "Foreign and Colonial". The Cornishman. No. 265. 9 August 1883. p. 6.
  60. ^ "Ten of the crew of the steamer Evelyn...". The Cornishman. No. 267. 23 August 1883. p. 5.
  61. ^ "Disasters At Sea". The Times. No. 30922. London. 11 September 1883. col F, p. 6.
  62. ^ "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times. No. 30903. London. 20 August 1883. col F, p. 11.
  63. ^ "Foreign and Colonial". The Cornishman. No. 269. 6 September 1883. p. 7.
  64. ^ "Disasters At Sea". The Times. No. 30913. London. 31 August 1883. col E, p. 3.
  65. ^ "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times. No. 30893. London. 8 August 1883. col F, p. 11.