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This is a fragmentary list of people who were imprisoned at Dachau concentration camp.

Clergy

Dachau had a special "priest block." Of the 2720 priests (among them 2579 Catholic) held in Dachau, 1034 did not survive the camp. The majority were Polish (1780), of whom 868 died in Dachau.

Gavrilo V, Serbian Patriarch of the Serbian Orthodox Church, imprisoned in Dachau from September to December 1944
a number of the Polish 108 Martyrs of World War II:
Father Jean Bernard (1907–1994), Roman Catholic priest from Luxembourg who was imprisoned from May 1941 to August 1942. He wrote the book Pfarrerblock 25487 about his experiences in Dachau
Blessed Titus Brandsma, Dutch Carmelite priest and professor of philosophy, died 26 July 1942
Norbert Čapek (1870–1942) founder of the Unitarian Church in the Czech Republic
Blessed Stefan Wincenty Frelichowski, Polish Roman Catholic priest, died 23 February 1945
August Froehlich, German Roman Catholic priest, he protected the rights of the German Catholics and the maltreatment of Polish forced labourers
Hilary Paweł Januszewski
Ignacy Jeż later a Catholic bishop
Joseph Kentenich, founder of the Schoenstatt Movement, spent three and a half years in Dachau
Bishop Jan Maria Michał Kowalski, the first Minister Generalis (Minister General) of the order of the Mariavites. He perished on 18 May 1942, in a gas chamber in Schloss Hartheim.
Adam Kozlowiecki, later a Polish Cardinal
Max Lackmann, Lutheran pastor and founder of League for Evangelical-Catholic Reunion.
Blessed Karl Leisner, in Dachau since 14 December 1941, liberated 4 May 1945, but died on 12 August from tuberculosis contracted in the camp
Josef Lenzel, German Roman Catholic priest, helped the Polish forced labourers
Bernhard Lichtenberg – German Roman Catholic priest, was sent to Dachau but died on his way there in 1943
Henryk Malak, Polish Roman Catholic priest, who wrote a memoir, Shavelings in Death Camps: A Polish Priest's Memoir of Imprisonment by the Nazis, 1939-1945, published in 2012.
Martin Niemöller, imprisoned in 1941, liberated 4 May 1945
Nikolai Velimirović, bishop of the Serbian Orthodox Church and an influential theological writer, venerated as saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church.
Engelmar Unzeitig (1911–1945) He was a professed member of the Mariannhill Missionaries. The Gestapo arrested Unzeitig on 21 April 1941 for defending Jews in his sermons^[1] and sent him to the Dachau concentration camp without a trial on 8 June 1941. In the autumn of 1944 he volunteered to help in catering to victims of typhoid but he soon contracted the disease himself.^[2] Unzeitig died of the disease on 2 March 1945 and was cremated. He became known as the "Angel of Dachau".
Lawrence Wnuk
Nanne Zwiep, Pastor of the Dutch Reformed Church in Enschede, spoke out from the pulpit against Nazis and their treatment of Dutch Citizens and anti-Semitism, arrested 20 April 1942, died in Dachau of exhaustion and malnutrition 24 November 1942

More than two dozen members of the Religious Society of Friends (known as Quakers) were interned at Dachau. They may or may not have been considered clergy by the Nazis, as all Quakers perform services which in other Protestant denominations are considered the province of clergy. Over a dozen of them were murdered there.

Titus Brandsma, Dutch priest, philosopher and former rector of Nijmegen University

Communists

Alfred Andersch, held 6 months in 1933
Hans Beimler, imprisoned but escaped. Died in the Spanish Civil War.^[3]
Emil Carlebach (Jewish), in Dachau since 1937, sent to Buchenwald concentration camp in 1938
Alfred Haag, In Dachau from 1935 to 1939, when moved to Mauthausen
Adolf Maislinger
Oskar Müller, in Dachau from 1939, liberated 1945
Walter Vielhauer
Nikolaos Zachariadis (Greek), from November 1941 to May 1945

Jews

Hinko Bauer, notable Croatian architect
Bruno Bettelheim, imprisoned in 1938, freed in 1939; left Germany
Jakob Ehrlich, Member of Vienna's City Council (Rat der Stadt Wien), died in Dachau 17 May 1938
Viktor Frankl, neurologist and psychiatrist from Vienna, Austria
Henry P. Glass, Austrian Architect and Industrial Designer, transferred to Buchenwald in September 1938.
Zvi Griliches – Notable American economist
Ludwig Kahn, German World War I Veteran and Entrepreneur from 29 Karls Street, Weilheim, Bavaria imprisoned 10 November 1938, freed 19 December 1938
Hans Litten, anti-Nazi lawyer, died in 1938 by apparent suicide
Otto Metzger, (1885–1961), German/British engineer and inventor of impact extrusion of containers
Henry Morgentaler, also survived the Łódź Ghetto, later emigrated to Canada and became central to the abortion-rights movement there
Alfred Müller, known Croatian entrepreneur from Zagreb
Benzion Miller, born at the camp, son of Aaron Miller
Moshe Sanbar, Governor of the Bank of Israel

Politicians

Léon Blum – briefly, having been evacuated from Buchenwald concentration camp
Jan Buzek, murdered in November 1940
Theodor Duesterberg, briefly imprisoned in 1934
Leopold Figl, arrested 1938, released 8 May 1943
Andrej Gosar, Slovenian politician and political theorist, arrested in 1944
Karl Haushofer
Miklós Horthy Jr.
Alois Hundhammer, arrested 21 June 1933, freed 6 July 1933
Miklós Kállay
Franz Olah, arrested in 1938 and transported on the first train of Austrian prisoners to Dachau.^[4]
Hjalmar Schacht, arrested 1944, liberated April 1945
Richard Schmitz
Kurt Schumacher, in Dachau since July 1935, sent to Flossenbürg concentration camp in 1939, returned to Dachau in 1940, released due to extreme illness 16 March 1943
Kurt Schuschnigg, the last fascist chancellor of Austria before the Austrian Nazi Party was installed by Hitler, shortly before the Anschluss
Stefan Starzyński, the Mayor of Warsaw, probably murdered in Dachau in 1943
Petr Zenkl, Czech national socialist politician

Resistance fighters and foreign agents

Yolande Beekman, Special Operations Executive agent, murdered 13 September 1944
Georges Charpak, who in 1992 received the Nobel Prize in Physics
Madeleine Damerment, Special Operations Executive agent, murdered 13 September 1944
Charles Delestraint, French general and leader of French resistance; executed by Gestapo in 1945
Johann Georg Elser, who tried to assassinate Hitler in 1939, murdered 9 April 1945
Arthur Haulot
Suzy van Hall, Dutch dancer, member of the Dutch Resistance; liberated in 1945
Noor Inayat Khan , Special Operations Executive agent of Indian origin, served as a clandestine radio operator in Paris, murdered 13 September 1944 when she and her SOE colleagues were shot in the back of the head
George Maduro, Dutch law student and cavalry officer posthumously awarded the medal of Knight 4th-class of the Military Order of William.
Kurt Nehrling, murdered in 1943
Eliane Plewman, Special Operations Executive agent, murdered 13 September 1944
Enzo Sereni, Special Operations Executive agent, Jewish, son of King Victor Emmanuele's personal physician. Parachuted into Nazi-occupied Italy, captured by the Germans and executed in November 1944. Kibbutz Netzer Sereni in Israel is named after him.
Jean ("Johnny") Voste, the one documented black prisoner, was a Belgian resistance fighter from the Belgian Congo; he was arrested in 1942 for alleged sabotage and was one of the survivors of Dachau^[5]^[6]^[7]

Royalty

Antonia, Crown Princess of Bavaria
Albrecht, Duke of Bavaria
Princess Irmingard of Bavaria
Franz, Duke of Bavaria
Grand Duchess Kira Kirillovna of Russia
Prince Louis Ferdinand of Prussia
Prince Friedrich Leopold of Prussia
Prince Max, Duke in Bavaria
Philipp, Landgrave of Hesse
Maximilian, Duke of Hohenberg
Prince Ernst von Hohenberg
Prince Xavier of Bourbon-Parma
Duke of Anhalt, Prince Joachin Ernst of Anhalt, he died in a soviet camp in 1947 in Buchenwald.

Scientists

The commemorative mass grave dedicated to the unknown dead at Dachau

Among many others, 183 professors and lower university staff from Kraków universities, arrested on 6 November 1939 during Sonderaktion Krakau.

Writers

Fran Albreht, Slovenian poet
Robert Antelme, French writer
Raoul Auernheimer, writer, in Dachau 4 months
Tadeusz Borowski, writer, survived, but committed suicide in 1951
Adolf Fierla, Polish poet
Viktor Frankl, an Austrian psychiatrist and writer
Fritz Gerlich, a German journalist
Stanisław Grzesiuk, Polish writer, poet and singer, in Dachau from 4 April 1940, later transferred to Mauthausen
Heinrich Eduard Jacob, German writer, in Dachau 6 months in 1938, transferred to Buchenwald
Stefan Kieniewicz, Polish historian
Juš Kozak, Slovenian playwright
Friedrich Marby, German occult writer
Gustaw Morcinek, Polish writer
Boris Pahor, Slovenian writer
Karol Piegza, Polish writer, teacher and folklorist
Gustaw Przeczek, Polish writer and teacher
Friedrich Reck-Malleczewen, German writer
Franz Roh, German art critic and art historian, for a few months in 1933
Jura Soyfer, writer, in Dachau 6 months in 1938, transferred to Buchenwald
Adam Wawrosz, Polish poet and writer
Stanisław Wygodzki, Polish writer
Stevo Žigon (number: 61185), Serbian actor, theatre director, and writer, in Dachau from December 1943 to May 1945

Military

Konstantinos Bakopoulos, Greek general
Bogislaw von Bonin, Wehrmacht officer, opponent
Franz Halder, former Chief of German Army General Staff
Georgios Kosmas, Greek general
Alexander Papagos, commander-in-chief of the Greek Army in 1940–41, future Prime Minister of Greece
Ernest Peterlin, Slovenian military officer
Ioannis Pitsikas, Greek general
Karl Chmielewski, former SS Officer, tried for stealing diamonds from inmates while commandant of Gusen concentration camp.
Alexander von Falkenhausen, German general who resisted Hitler