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Nuclear tests
Nuclear tests
Information
Country	North Korea
Test site	Punggye-ri Nuclear Test Site, North Korea
Period	2006–2017
Number of tests	6
Test type	underground
Max. yield	~140 kt (U.S. intelligence); 160 kt (Revised estimates from Japanese Government); 250 kt (38 North and revised NORSAR estimate);

North Korea has conducted six nuclear tests, in 2006, 2009, 2013, twice in 2016, and in 2017.

2km
1.2miles

South

West

East

North portal

6

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2

1

Location of North Korea's nuclear tests^[5]^[6]
1: 2006; 2: 2009; 3: 2013; 4: 2016-01; 5: 2016-09; 6: 2017;

V

Testing

North Korea's nuclear tests series tests and detonations
Sequence	Date time (UT)	Local time zone^{[note 1]}^[7]	Location	Elevation + height	Delivery	Yield^{[note 2]}	References
(1)	9 October 2006 01:35:27	KST (+9 hrs)	Punggye-ri Test Site, North Korea 41°17′06″N 129°06′30″E / 41.28505°N 129.1084°E / 41.28505; 129.1084 ((1))	1,340 m (4,400 ft), −310 m (−1,020 ft)	underground	0.7–2 kt	^[8]
(1)	Possibly a fizzle. East Tunnel approximately 1 km NE from the entrance. The Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, a state-run geology research institute in Germany, estimated the yield at 2 kilotons in 2013^[9] but has since revised to 0.7 kt.^[10] The International Seismological Centre has a bibliography and/or authoritative data for this event.
(2)	25 May 2009 00:54:43	KST (+9 hrs)	Punggye-ri Test Site, North Korea 41°17′29″N 129°04′54″E / 41.29142°N 129.08167°E / 41.29142; 129.08167 ((2))	1,340 m (4,400 ft), −490 m (−1,610 ft)	underground	2–5.4 kt	^[11]^[12]
(2)	West Tunnel at about 1.2 km NW from the tunnel entrance. The Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, a state-run geology research institute in Germany, estimated the yield at 13 kt in 2013^[9] but has since revised to 5.4 kt.^[10] The International Seismological Centre has a bibliography and/or authoritative data for this event.
(3)	12 February 2013 02:57:51	KST (+9 hrs)	Punggye-ri Test Site, North Korea 41°16′05″N 129°04′51″E / 41.26809°N 129.08076°E / 41.26809; 129.08076 ((3))	1,340 m (4,400 ft), −1,000 m (−3,300 ft)	underground	6–16 kt	^[11]^[13]
(3)	Likely the test took place in the West Tunnel. South tunnel damaged by flooding in 2012. The Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, a state-run geology research institute in Germany, estimated the yield at 40 kilotons in 2013^[9] but has since revised the yield as 14 kt.^[10] The University of Science and Technology of China estimates the yield at around 12.2 kt, with a margin of error of 3.8 kt.^[14] Hence the max yield could be 16 kt for this test. The International Seismological Centre has a bibliography and/or authoritative data for this event.
(4)	6 January 2016 01:30:01	PYT (+8:30 hrs)	Punggye-ri Test Site, North Korea 41°18′32″N 129°02′02″E / 41.30900°N 129.03399°E / 41.30900; 129.03399 ((4))	1,340 m (4,400 ft), −1,000 m (−3,300 ft)	underground	7–16.5 kt	^[15]^[16]
(4)	Claimed to be a hydrogen bomb. Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources has originally estimated the yield as 14kt^[10] but has since revised to 10kt.^[17] The University of Science and Technology of China estimates the yield at around 11.3 kt, with a margin of error of 4.2 kt.^[18] Hence the max yield could be 16.5 kt for this test. The International Seismological Centre has a bibliography and/or authoritative data for this event.
(5)	9 September 2016 00:30:01	PYT (+8:30 hrs)	Punggye-ri Test Site, North Korea 41°17′53″N 129°00′54″E / 41.298°N 129.015°E / 41.298; 129.015 ((5))^{[note 4]}	1,340 m (4,400 ft), −1,000 m (−3,300 ft)	underground	15–25 kt	^[19]^[20]^[21]
(5)	North Korea announced that this is a successful test of a warhead that can be mounted onto a rocket.^[22] Siegfried S. Hecker, former director of the Los Alamos National Laboratory, estimated yield at 15 to 25 kt.^[23] Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources has initially estimated the yield as 25 kt.^[17] The University of Science and Technology of China estimates the yield at around 17.8 kt, with a margin of error of 5.9 kt.^[24] The International Seismological Centre will have authoritative data for this event in due course.
(6)	3 September 2017 03:30:01.940	PYT (+8:30 hrs)	Punggye-ri Test Site, North Korea 41°20′35″N 129°02′10″E / 41.343°N 129.036°E / 41.343; 129.036 ((2))	1,340 m (4,400 ft), 0 m (0 ft)	underground	70–280 kt	^[25]^[26]^[27]^[28]^[29]^[30]
(6)	Claimed to be a hydrogen bomb (but may only be a boosted fission weapon rather than an actual staged Teller–Ulam thermonuclear weapon).^[31] On 3 September, South Korea’s weather agency, the Korea Meteorological Administration, estimated that the nuclear weapons blast yield of the presumed test was between 50 and 60 kilotons based on a magnitude 5.6 detection.^[32] South Korean Government's initial yield estimate is 100 kt,^[27] and it detected a 5.7 magnitude earthquake.^[33] NORSAR Seismology Center initial estimate is 120 kt,^[28] based on a magnitude 5.8 tremor. On 12 Sept 2017, this was revised to an estimate of 250 kt based on a magnitude 6.1 instead.^[4] The German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources estimate is "a few hundred kt",^[29] based on a 6.1 detected tremor. The Japan Meteorological Agency also detected a 6.1 magnitude tremor.^[34] from USGS: "[Magnitude] 6.3 Explosion ... Possible explosion, located near the site where North Korea has detonated nuclear explosions in the past. If this event was an explosion, the USGS National Earthquake Information Center cannot determine its type, whether nuclear or any other possible type." Depth and lat/lon location approximate. The China Earthquake Administration also detected a 6.3 magnitude earthquake.^[35] The University of Science and Technology of China^[36] estimated the yield at 108.1 ± 48.1 kt. The Geophysical Service of the Russian Academy of Sciences registered a 6.4 magnitude earthquake.^[37] The Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory estimated 250 kilotons.^[30] Japanese Government: 160 kt.^[2] U.S. Intelligence/Air Force Technical Applications Center: 70 to 280 kilotons.^[25] Earlier U.S. Intelligence had given an estimate of 140 kt with unspecified margin of error.^[1] Indian Space Research Organization anaysis of satellite synthetic-aperture radar data found that explosion was at a depth of 542 ± 30 metres and the yield was 245–271 kt.^[38] The International Seismological Centre will have authoritative data for this event in due course.

Map this section's coordinates using OpenStreetMap

Download coordinates as:

^ To convert the UT time into standard local, add the number of hours in parentheses to the UT time; for local daylight saving time, add one additional hour. If the result is earlier than 00:00, add 24 hours and subtract 1 from the day; if it is 24:00 or later, subtract 24 hours and add 1 to the day. North Korea changed from UTC+9 hours to UTC+8:30 hours on 15 August 2015. All historical time zone data are derived from here:
^ Estimated energy yield in tons, kilotons, and megatons. A ton of TNT equivalent is defined as 4.184 gigajoules (1 gigacalorie).
^ Radioactive emission to the atmosphere aside from prompt neutrons, where known. The measured species is only iodine-131 if mentioned, otherwise it is all species. No entry means unknown, probably none if underground and "all" if not; otherwise notation for whether measured on the site only or off the site, where known, and the measured amount of radioactivity released.
^ Location from seismic data, about 6.4 km west northwest Punggye-ri and locus of previous tests.

Summary

North Korea's nuclear testing series summary
Series or years	Years covered	Tests^{[Summ 1]}	Devices fired	Devices with unknown yield	Peaceful use tests	Non-PTBT tests^{[Summ 2]}	Yield range (kilotons) ^{[Summ 3]}	Total yield (kilotons) ^{[Summ 4]}	Notes
nuclear tests	2006–2017	6	6				0.7–250	197.8
Totals	2006-Oct-9 to 2017-Sep-3	6	6				0.7–250	197.8 (Based on average yield from lower to upper estimates as the Government of DPRK does not announce the exact yield.)	Total country yield is 0.036% of all nuclear testing.

^ Includes all tests with potential for nuclear fission or fusion explosion, including combat use, singleton tests, salvo tests, zero yield fails, safety experiments, and bombs incapacitated by accidents but still intended to be fired. It does not include hydronuclear and subcritical tests, and misfires of a device which was subsequently fired successfully.
^ Number of tests which would have been in violation of the Partial Test Ban Treaty of 1963, such as atmospheric, space or underwater tests. Some "peaceful use" cratering tests which should have been violations were protested, and later quietly dropped.
^ "Small" refers to a value greater than zero but less than 0.5 kt.
^ Some yields are described like "< 20 kt"; such are scored at one half of the numeric amount, i.e., yield of 10k in this example. "Unknown yield" adds nothing to the total.

References

^ ^a ^b Panda, Ankit (6 September 2017). "US Intelligence: North Korea's Sixth Test Was a 140 Kiloton 'Advanced Nuclear' Device". The Diplomat. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
^ ^a ^b "North Korean nuke test put at 160 kilotons as Ishiba urges debate on deploying U.S. atomic bombs". The Japan Times. 5 September 2017. Archived from the original on 6 September 2017. Retrieved 7 September 2017.
^ "North Korea's Punggye-ri Nuclear Test Site: Satellite Imagery Shows Post-Test Effects and New Activity in Alternate Tunnel Portal Areas | 38 North: Informed Analysis of North Korea". 12 September 2017.
^ ^a ^b "The nuclear explosion in North Korea on 3 September 2017: A revised magnitude assessment". NORSAR. 12 September 2017. Archived from the original on 13 September 2017. Retrieved 13 September 2017.
^ "Search Results". USGS.
^ "North Korea's Punggye-ri Nuclear Test Site: Analysis Reveals Its Potential for Additional Testing with Significantly Higher Yields". 38North. 10 March 2017.
^ "Time Zone Database". iana.com. Retrieved 8 March 2014.
^ USGS Earthquake Hazards Program (9 October 2006). "Magnitude 4.7–North Korea". USGS. Archived from the original on 27 April 2014. Retrieved 20 January 2014.
^ ^a ^b ^c Nordkorea: BGR registriert vermutlichen Kernwaffentest – BGR (In German), 12 Feb 2013
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Nordkorea: BGR registriert vermutlichen Kernwaffentest – BGR, 6 Jan 2016
^ ^a ^b Kalinowski, Martin (25 May 2009). "Second nuclear test conducted by North Korea on 25 May 2009" (PDF). Arms Control Wonk. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 May 2009. Retrieved 20 January 2014.
^ USGS Earthquake Hazards Program (26 May 2009). "Magnitude 4.7–North Korea". USGS. Archived from the original on 28 May 2009. Retrieved 20 January 2014.
^ Davenport, Kelsey (March 2013). "North Korea Conducts Nuclear Test". Arms Control Association. Retrieved 30 August 2014.
^ "Chinese underground nuclear test North Korea reached an unprecedented precision measurement". 19 June 2013. Archived from the original on 21 October 2013. Retrieved 14 July 2013.
^ "North Korean carries out fourth nuclear test". The Guardian. 6 January 2016. Retrieved 6 January 2016.
^ "North Korea Tests Nuclear Device, Claims Successful Thermonuclear Detonation". The Diplomat. 6 January 2016. Retrieved 6 January 2016.
^ ^a ^b Nordkorea: BGR registriert vermutlichen Kernwaffentest – BGR (In German), 9 Sep 2016
^ "North Korea's January 6 2016 Nuclear Test Location and Yield: Seismic Results from USTC". 6 January 2016. Archived from the original on 10 May 2017. Retrieved 6 January 2016.
^ "M5.3 Explosion – 19km ENE of Sungjibaegam, North Korea". United States Geological Survey. 9 September 2016. Retrieved 9 September 2016.
^ "North Korea nuclear test: Japan confirms huge quake caused by explosion". The Guardian. 9 September 2016.
^ North Korea conducts fifth and largest nuclear test – South Korea and Japan – Reuters, Sep 9, 2016 5:39am British Standard Time
^ The Latest: N. Korea Confirms 'Successful' Nuclear Test – Associated Press, 2016 Sep 9, 12:52 AM EDT
^ "North Korea has made a nuclear weapon small enough to fit on a missile. How worried should the world be?". Los Angeles Times. 9 August 2017. Retrieved 18 August 2017.
^ "North Korea's September 9 2016 Nuclear Test Location and Yield: Seismic Results from USTC". 10 September 2016. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 10 September 2016.
^ ^a ^b Michelle Ye Hee Lee (13 September 2017). "North Korea nuclear test may have been twice as strong as first thought". Washington Post. Retrieved 28 September 2017.
^ "M 6.3 Explosion - 22km ENE of Sungjibaegam, North Korea".
^ ^a ^b "N. Korea's apparent sixth nuke test estimated to have yield of 100 kilotons: lawmaker".
^ ^a ^b "Large nuclear test in North Korea on 3 September 2017". Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 3 September 2017.
^ ^a ^b "BGR registers a presumed nuclear test in North Korea".
^ ^a ^b "Seismic Detective Weighs In on North Korea's Latest Nuclear Test". 5 September 2017.
^ Buckley, Chris (3 September 2017). "What's the Difference Between a Hydrogen Bomb and a Regular Atomic Bomb?". New York Times. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
^ "North Korea nuclear test: what we know so far". Guardian. 3 September 2017.
^ "The Latest: EU calls on U.N. to adopt further NK sanctions". New York Daily News. Associated Press. 3 September 2017. Retrieved 3 September 2017.
^ "North Korea tests most powerful nuclear bomb yet". ABC. CNN, Scripps National Desk. 3 September 2017. Retrieved 3 September 2017.
^ Wen, Philip (2 September 2017). "China Earthquake Administration detects 'suspected explosion' in North Korea". Reuters. Thomson Reuters. Retrieved 3 September 2017.
^ "North Korea's 3 September 2017 Nuclear Test Location and Yield: Seismic Results from USTC". Lianxing Wen's Geography. University of Science and Technology of China. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
^ "North Korea likely to have conducted another nuclear test — Japanese TV". TASS. Government of Russia. 3 September 2017. Retrieved 3 September 2017.
^ K M Sreejith; Ritesh Agrawal; A S Rajawat (January 2020). "Constraints on the location, depth and yield of the 2017 September 3 North Korean nuclear test from InSAR measurements and modelling". Geophysical Journal International. 220 (1). Oxford University Press: 345–351. doi:10.1093/gji/ggz451. Retrieved 15 November 2019.

Sources

Yang, Xiaoping; North, Robert; Romney, Carl (August 2000), CMR Nuclear Explosion Database (Revision 3), SMDC Monitoring Research
Andryushi, LA; Voloshin, N.P.; Ilkaev, R.I.; Matushchenko, A.M.; Ryabev, L.D.; Strukov, V.G.; Chernyshev, A.K.; Yudin, Yu.A., Mikhailov, V.N. (ed.), Catalog of Worldwide Nuclear Testing, archived from the original on 19 December 2013, retrieved 4 March 2013
Wm Robert Johnston, PhD, Johnston Archive of Nuclear Weapons, retrieved 31 December 2013

[7] To convert the UT time into standard local, add the number of hours in parentheses to the UT time; for local daylight saving time, add one additional hour. If the result is earlier than 00:00, add 24 hours and subtract 1 from the day; if it is 24:00 or later, subtract 24 hours and add 1 to the day. North Korea changed from UTC+9 hours to UTC+8:30 hours on 15 August 2015. All historical time zone data are derived from here:

[9] Estimated energy yield in tons, kilotons, and megatons. A ton of TNT equivalent is defined as 4.184 gigajoules (1 gigacalorie).

[10] Radioactive emission to the atmosphere aside from prompt neutrons, where known. The measured species is only iodine-131 if mentioned, otherwise it is all species. No entry means unknown, probably none if underground and "all" if not; otherwise notation for whether measured on the site only or off the site, where known, and the measured amount of radioactivity released.

[22] Location from seismic data, about 6.4 km west northwest Punggye-ri and locus of previous tests.

[43] Includes all tests with potential for nuclear fission or fusion explosion, including combat use, singleton tests, salvo tests, zero yield fails, safety experiments, and bombs incapacitated by accidents but still intended to be fired. It does not include hydronuclear and subcritical tests, and misfires of a device which was subsequently fired successfully.

[44] Number of tests which would have been in violation of the Partial Test Ban Treaty of 1963, such as atmospheric, space or underwater tests. Some "peaceful use" cratering tests which should have been violations were protested, and later quietly dropped.

[45] "Small" refers to a value greater than zero but less than 0.5 kt.

[46] Some yields are described like "< 20 kt"; such are scored at one half of the numeric amount, i.e., yield of 10k in this example. "Unknown yield" adds nothing to the total.

[Panda2017-1] Panda, Ankit (6 September 2017). "US Intelligence: North Korea's Sixth Test Was a 140 Kiloton 'Advanced Nuclear' Device". The Diplomat. Retrieved 6 September 2017.

[jt-20170905-2] "North Korean nuke test put at 160 kilotons as Ishiba urges debate on deploying U.S. atomic bombs". The Japan Times. 5 September 2017. Archived from the original on 6 September 2017. Retrieved 7 September 2017.

[3] "North Korea's Punggye-ri Nuclear Test Site: Satellite Imagery Shows Post-Test Effects and New Activity in Alternate Tunnel Portal Areas | 38 North: Informed Analysis of North Korea". 12 September 2017.

[norsar-20170912-4] "The nuclear explosion in North Korea on 3 September 2017: A revised magnitude assessment". NORSAR. 12 September 2017. Archived from the original on 13 September 2017. Retrieved 13 September 2017.

[USGS_Punggye-ri-5] "Search Results". USGS.

[38North_Punggye-ri-6] "North Korea's Punggye-ri Nuclear Test Site: Analysis Reveals Its Potential for Additional Testing with Significantly Higher Yields". 38North. 10 March 2017.

[8] "Time Zone Database". iana.com. Retrieved 8 March 2014.

[LT_50-11] USGS Earthquake Hazards Program (9 October 2006). "Magnitude 4.7–North Korea". USGS. Archived from the original on 27 April 2014. Retrieved 20 January 2014.

[BGR2013-12] Nordkorea: BGR registriert vermutlichen Kernwaffentest – BGR (In German), 12 Feb 2013

[BGRJan2016-13] Nordkorea: BGR registriert vermutlichen Kernwaffentest – BGR, 6 Jan 2016

[LT_11-14] Kalinowski, Martin (25 May 2009). "Second nuclear test conducted by North Korea on 25 May 2009" (PDF). Arms Control Wonk. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 May 2009. Retrieved 20 January 2014.

[LT_8-15] USGS Earthquake Hazards Program (26 May 2009). "Magnitude 4.7–North Korea". USGS. Archived from the original on 28 May 2009. Retrieved 20 January 2014.

[LT_231-16] Davenport, Kelsey (March 2013). "North Korea Conducts Nuclear Test". Arms Control Association. Retrieved 30 August 2014.

[17] "Chinese underground nuclear test North Korea reached an unprecedented precision measurement". 19 June 2013. Archived from the original on 21 October 2013. Retrieved 14 July 2013.

[18] "North Korean carries out fourth nuclear test". The Guardian. 6 January 2016. Retrieved 6 January 2016.

[19] "North Korea Tests Nuclear Device, Claims Successful Thermonuclear Detonation". The Diplomat. 6 January 2016. Retrieved 6 January 2016.

[BGRSep2016-20] Nordkorea: BGR registriert vermutlichen Kernwaffentest – BGR (In German), 9 Sep 2016

[21] "North Korea's January 6 2016 Nuclear Test Location and Yield: Seismic Results from USTC". 6 January 2016. Archived from the original on 10 May 2017. Retrieved 6 January 2016.

[23] "M5.3 Explosion – 19km ENE of Sungjibaegam, North Korea". United States Geological Survey. 9 September 2016. Retrieved 9 September 2016.

[24] "North Korea nuclear test: Japan confirms huge quake caused by explosion". The Guardian. 9 September 2016.

[Reuters-25] North Korea conducts fifth and largest nuclear test – South Korea and Japan – Reuters, Sep 9, 2016 5:39am British Standard Time

[AP-26] The Latest: N. Korea Confirms 'Successful' Nuclear Test – Associated Press, 2016 Sep 9, 12:52 AM EDT

[lat-20170809-27] "North Korea has made a nuclear weapon small enough to fit on a missile. How worried should the world be?". Los Angeles Times. 9 August 2017. Retrieved 18 August 2017.

[28] "North Korea's September 9 2016 Nuclear Test Location and Yield: Seismic Results from USTC". 10 September 2016. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 10 September 2016.

[wp-20170913-29] Michelle Ye Hee Lee (13 September 2017). "North Korea nuclear test may have been twice as strong as first thought". Washington Post. Retrieved 28 September 2017.

[30] "M 6.3 Explosion - 22km ENE of Sungjibaegam, North Korea".

[sixthtest-31] "N. Korea's apparent sixth nuke test estimated to have yield of 100 kilotons: lawmaker".

[NORSAR_Yield_Estimate-32] "Large nuclear test in North Korea on 3 September 2017". Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 3 September 2017.

[FIGNR_Estimate-33] "BGR registers a presumed nuclear test in North Korea".

[Lamont-Doherty_Estimate-34] "Seismic Detective Weighs In on North Korea's Latest Nuclear Test". 5 September 2017.

[35] Buckley, Chris (3 September 2017). "What's the Difference Between a Hydrogen Bomb and a Regular Atomic Bomb?". New York Times. Retrieved 6 September 2017.

[Guardian-36] "North Korea nuclear test: what we know so far". Guardian. 3 September 2017.

[37] "The Latest: EU calls on U.N. to adopt further NK sanctions". New York Daily News. Associated Press. 3 September 2017. Retrieved 3 September 2017.

[38] "North Korea tests most powerful nuclear bomb yet". ABC. CNN, Scripps National Desk. 3 September 2017. Retrieved 3 September 2017.

[39] Wen, Philip (2 September 2017). "China Earthquake Administration detects 'suspected explosion' in North Korea". Reuters. Thomson Reuters. Retrieved 3 September 2017.

[ustc-yield-40] "North Korea's 3 September 2017 Nuclear Test Location and Yield: Seismic Results from USTC". Lianxing Wen's Geography. University of Science and Technology of China. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 4 September 2017.

[41] "North Korea likely to have conducted another nuclear test — Japanese TV". TASS. Government of Russia. 3 September 2017. Retrieved 3 September 2017.

[isro-201910-42] K M Sreejith; Ritesh Agrawal; A S Rajawat (January 2020). "Constraints on the location, depth and yield of the 2017 September 3 North Korean nuclear test from InSAR measurements and modelling". Geophysical Journal International. 220 (1). Oxford University Press: 345–351. doi:10.1093/gji/ggz451. Retrieved 15 November 2019.

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[Summ 1]

[Summ 2]

[Summ 3]

[Summ 4]

PROFILPELAJAR.COM

List of nuclear weapons tests of North Korea

Testing

Summary

See also

References

Sources

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