List of multi-level marketing companies

This is a list of companies which use multi-level marketing (also known as network marketing,[1][2][3][4][5] direct selling,[3][6] referral marketing,[7] and pyramid selling)[8][9][10][11][12] for most of their sales.

Active

Defunct

References

  1. ^ Pratt, Michael G.; Rosa, José Antonio (2003). "Transforming work-family conflict into commitment in network marketing organizations". The Academy of Management Journal. 46 (4): 395–418. JSTOR 30040635.
  2. ^ Vander Nat, Peter J.; Keep, William W. (2002). "Marketing Fraud: An Approach for Differentiating Multilevel Marketing from Pyramid Schemes". Journal of Public Policy & Marketing. 21 (1): 139–15. doi:10.1509/jppm.21.1.139.17603. S2CID 154490614.
  3. ^ a b Merrilees, Bill; Miller, Dale (1999). "Direct Selling in the West and East: The Relative Roles of Product and Relationship (Guanxi) Drivers". Journal of Business Research. 45 (3): 267–273. doi:10.1016/S0148-2963(97)00238-5.
  4. ^ Cahn, Peter S. (2006). "Building down and Dreaming up: Finding Faith in a Mexican Multilevel Marketer". American Ethnologist. 33 (1): 126–142. doi:10.1525/ae.2006.33.1.126.
  5. ^ Marcason, Wendy (2006). "What Are the Facts and Myths about Mangosteen?". Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 106 (6): 986. doi:10.1016/j.jada.2006.04.008. PMID 16720137.
  6. ^ Valentine, Debra A. (May 13, 1998). "Pyramid Schemes". FTC. Retrieved July 30, 2015.
  7. ^ "multi-level marketing (a.k.a. network marketing & referral marketing) – The Skeptic's Dictionary". Skepdic.com. 1991-12-09. Retrieved 2010-02-04.
  8. ^ Edwards, Paul (1997). Franchising & licensing: two powerful ways to grow your business in any economy. Tarcher. p. 356. ISBN 0-87477-898-0.
  9. ^ Clegg, Brian (2000). The invisible customer: strategies for successive customer service down the wire. Kogan Page. p. 112. ISBN 0-7494-3144-X.
  10. ^ Higgs, Philip; Smith, Jane (2007). Rethinking Our World. Juta Academic. p. 30. ISBN 978-0-7021-7255-7.
  11. ^ Kitching, Trevor (2001). Purchasing scams and how to avoid them. Gower Publishing Company. p. 4. ISBN 0-566-08281-0.
  12. ^ Mendelsohn, Martin (2004). The guide to franchising. Cengage Learning Business Press. p. 36. ISBN 1-84480-162-4.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h i Roha, Ronaleen R. (November 1991). The Ups and Downs of "Downlines". p. 66. {{cite book}}: |newspaper= ignored (help)
  14. ^ Tatum, Megan (28 November 2019). "Easy money and exploitation: should grocery brands explore multi-level marketing?". The Grocer. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
  15. ^ Lacey, Hester (30 January 2014). "Success Story: 8 Hints From The Publisher Who Said No To Amazon". Forbes. Archived from the original on 10 April 2020. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
  16. ^ Rovell, Darren (31 January 2011). "Beach Body Grows Exponentially Thanks to Network Marketing". CNBC. Retrieved 2015-03-28.
  17. ^ Harvey, Tom (October 23, 2014). "Judge dismisses much of lawsuit between rival Utah 'oils' companies". The Salt Lake Tribune. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
  18. ^ Berman, Phyllis (October 11, 2004). "If You Believe". Forbes.
  19. ^ "DSN Global 100: The Top Direct Selling Companies in the World". Direct Selling News. June 2010. Archived from the original on December 4, 2010. Retrieved 2010-11-15.
  20. ^ a b Ressner, Jeffrey (2006-10-01). "Industries: State of Reliefs". Time. Archived from the original on November 1, 2007.
  21. ^ Jones, Rupert (7 December 2019). "Utility Warehouse: is its 'life-changing' scheme really ab fab?". The Guardian. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
  22. ^ Celarier, Michelle (29 September 2013). "Verve energy drink turning college students into sales force". New York Post. Retrieved 2015-03-28.
  23. ^ Dalling, Robert (2018-04-30). "Spoon rest and egg separator catalogue company Betterware has folded". walesonline. Retrieved 2020-02-20.
  24. ^ "'Magic dirt': How the internet fueled, and defeated, the pandemic's weirdest company". NBC News. Retrieved 4 December 2021.
  25. ^ Crouch, Gregory (18 August 1990). "FundAmerica Files for Bankruptcy, Cites 2 Overseas Creditors". Los Angeles Times.
  26. ^ Penke, Patty. "The Iconic Longaberger Company Shuts Down: Will Those Collectible Baskets Be Worthless Now?". Retrieved 8 October 2019.
  27. ^ "Women say they were branded and traumatized by secret group's doctors". CBSNews.com. CBS. 20 October 2017. Retrieved 13 November 2017.
  28. ^ Odato, James. "Lawyer attacks NXIVM 'scheme'". TimesUnion.com. The Hearst Corporation. Retrieved 13 November 2017.
  29. ^ Soper, Taylor. "Multi-level marketing mobile service provider Solavei shuts down due to 'competitive landscape'". GeekWire. Retrieved 31 December 2015.