List of directorial debuts

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

This is a list of film directorial debuts in chronological order. The films and dates referred to are a director's first commercial cinematic release. Many filmmakers have directed works which were not commercially released, for example early works by Orson Welles such as his filming of his stage production of Twelfth Night in 1933 or his experimental short film The Hearts of Age in 1934. Often these early works were not intended for commercial release either by intent, such as film school projects or inability to find distribution.

Subsequently, many directors learned their trade in the medium of television as it became popular in the 1940s and 1950s. Notable directors who did their first directorial work in this medium include Robert Altman, Sidney Lumet, and Alfonso Cuarón. As commercial television advertising became more cinematic in the 1960s and 1970s, many directors early work was in this medium, including directors such as Alan Parker and Ridley Scott. With the success of MTV and the popularity of music videos from the early 1980s, this gave another avenue for directors to hone their skills. Notable directors whose early work was in music videos include David Fincher, Jonathan Glazer, Michel Gondry, and Spike Jonze.

The following symbols indicate where a director has worked in another medium prior to directing commercially.

♦ Indicates where a director has created other earlier works for television

# Indicates when a director's earlier work is uncredited

† Indicates when a director's earlier work has not been released in cinemas, for example film school productions, short films or music videos.

Refer to individual entries for further detail.

1880s

1887

1890s

1896

1898

1900s

1901

1907

1908

1909

1910s

1920s

1930s

1940s

1950s

1960s

1970s

1980s

1990s

2000s

2010s

2020s

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

2025

2026

Upcoming

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Co-directed with Robert N. Bradbury
  2. ^ As Detlef Sierck
  3. ^ Co-directed with Anthony Hankey
  4. ^ Co-directed with Hamilton Luske, Ben Sharpsteen and David D. Hand
  5. ^ Co-directed with Gunther von Fritsch
  6. ^ Co-directed with Brian Desmond Hurst
  7. ^ Co-directed with Robert Jordan Hill
  8. ^ Co-directed with Yakov Bazelyan
  9. ^ Directed segment Interlude in the Marshland
  10. ^ Co-directed with Abe Levitow
  11. ^ Co-directed with Bradley R. Swirnoff
  12. ^ Co-directed with Wolfgang Reitherman
  13. ^ Co-directed with Bill Melendez
  14. ^ Co-directed with John Lounsbery
  15. ^ Co-directed with Rintaro
  16. ^ Co-directed with Kenneth Tsang
  17. ^ Co-directed with Art Stevens
  18. ^ Co-directed with Don Bluth
  19. ^ Co-directed with Jesse Wells
  20. ^ Co-directed with Frank Lustig
  21. ^ Co-directed with Phil Nibbelink and Simon Wells
  22. ^ Co-directed with Joe Johnston
  23. ^ Co-directed with Mike Gabriel
  24. ^ Co-directed with David Van Taylor
  25. ^ Co-directed with Peter Farrelly
  26. ^ Co-directed with Quentin Lee
  27. ^ Co-directed with Simon Wells
  28. ^ Co-directed with Jim Wynorski
  29. ^ Co-directed with Kevin Lima
  30. ^ Co-directed with Eric Goldberg, Pixote Hunt, James Algar and Hendel Butoy
  31. ^ Co-directed with Ralph Zondag
  32. ^ Co-directed with Richard Rich
  33. ^ Co-directed with Peter Farrelly and Bobby Farrelly
  34. ^ Co-directed with Richard Rich
  35. ^ Co-directed with David Daniel
  36. ^ Co-directed with Corey Yuen
  37. ^ Co-directed with Norton Virgien
  38. ^ Co-directed with Tim Johnson
  39. ^ Co-directed with Efram Potelle
  40. ^ Co-directed with Vicky Jenson and Bibo Bergeron
  41. ^ Co-directed with Andrew Adamson and Kelly Asbury
  42. ^ Co-directed with Ryan Fleck
  43. ^ Co-directed with Nick Park
  44. ^ Co-directed with Tim Burton
  45. ^ Co-directed with Eric Darnell
  46. ^ Co-directed with Robert Rodriguez and Quentin Tarantino
  47. ^ Co-directed with James Cameron
  48. ^ Co-directed with Roger Allers
  49. ^ Co-directed with Tim Johnson
  50. ^ Co-directed with John Lasseter
  51. ^ Co-directed with Chris Buck
  52. ^ Co-directed with Brad Bird
  53. ^ Co-directed with Vincent Paronnaud
  54. ^ Co-directed with Steve Hickner
  55. ^ Co-directed with Brian Hooks
  56. ^ Co-directed with Ryan Fleck
  57. ^ Co-directed with Sam Fell
  58. ^ Co-directed with Matthew Robinson
  59. ^ a b Co-directed with Pete Docter
  60. ^ Co-directed with Byron Howard
  61. ^ Co-directed with Lionel Steketee and Thomas N'Gijol
  62. ^ Co-directed with Stephen Anderson
  63. ^ Co-directed with John Lasseter
  64. ^ Co-directed with Alastair Fothergill
  65. ^ Co-directed with Barry Cook
  66. ^ Co-directed with Brenda Chapman
  67. ^ Co-directed with Chris Renaud
  68. ^ Co-directed with Sam Fell
  69. ^ Co-directed with Peter Lord
  70. ^ Co-directed with Steve Martino
  71. ^ Co-directed with Mike McCoy
  72. ^ Co-directed with Chris Buck
  73. ^ Co-directed with Anthony Stacchi
  74. ^ Co-directed with Guy Jenkin
  75. ^ Co-directed with Jocelyn Towne
  76. ^ Co-directed with Jennifer Yuh Nelson
  77. ^ Co-directed with Chris Renaud
  78. ^ Co-directed with Michael Thurmeier
  79. ^ Co-directed with Mike Mitchell
  80. ^ As Declan Dale
  81. ^ Co-directed with Garth Jennings
  82. ^ Co-directed with Nicholas Stoller
  83. ^ Co-directed with Conrad Vernon
  84. ^ Co-directed with Pierre Coffin and Kyle Balda
  85. ^ Co-directed with Lee Unkrich
  86. ^ Co-directed with Rich Moore
  87. ^ Co-directed with Yarrow Cheney
  88. ^ Co-directed with Peter Ramsey
  89. ^ Co-directed with Peter Chelsom, Fernando Eimbcke, Dennis Gansel, Dani Levy, Josef Rusnak, Til Schweiger, Massy Tadjedin
  90. ^ Co-directed with Chris Renaud
  91. ^ co-directed with Jim Cummings
  92. ^ Co-directed with Sarah Smith
  93. ^ Co-directed with Aaron Horvath
  94. ^ Co-directed with Chris Buck
  95. ^ Co-directed with Chris Renaud
  96. ^ Co-directed with Domee Shi
  97. ^ Co-directed with Alessandro Carloni

References

  1. ^ Youngs, Ian (June 23, 2015). "Louis Le Prince, who shot the world's first film in Leeds". BBC News. BBC. Retrieved August 29, 2018.
  2. ^ Malthête, Jacques (2003). "Un feu d'artifice improvisé ? Les effets pyrotechniques chez Méliès". 1895 (in French) (39). AFRHC: 61–72. doi:10.4000/1895.3082. ISBN 2-913758-31-2. ISSN 1960-6176.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i "The 50 greatest debut movies: part three". Time Out. Retrieved September 2, 2011.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r "Eric's Top 10 Directorial Debuts". scene-stealers.com. Retrieved August 20, 2009.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g "The 50 greatest debut movies: part five". Time Out. Retrieved September 2, 2011.
  6. ^ "15 Facts About Orson Welles' CITIZEN KANE: America's Greatest Film Turns 75". AFI.com. Retrieved January 14, 2018.
  7. ^ Lloyd, Ann; Robinson, David (1987). The Illustrated History of Cinema. Macmillan. p. 162. ISBN 978-0-02-919241-2.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h "The 50 greatest debut movies: part two". Time Out. Retrieved September 2, 2011.
  9. ^ "The 50 greatest debut movies: part six". Time Out. Retrieved September 2, 2011.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h "The 50 greatest debut movies: part four". Time Out. Retrieved September 2, 2011.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Jarecki, Nicholas (2001). Breaking In — How 20 Film Directors Got Their Start. Broadway Books. ISBN 0-7679-0674-8.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Lowenstein, Stephen (2000). My First Movie. Pantheon Books. ISBN 0-375-42081-9.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h "Time Out's 50 greatest directorial debuts of all time". Time Out. Retrieved September 2, 2011.
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h "The Top Grossing Directorial Debuts of All-time". Indiewire.com. 5 August 2011. Retrieved September 3, 2011.
  15. ^ a b c d e f g "J.D.'s Top 10 Directorial Debuts". scene-stealers.com. Retrieved August 20, 2009.
  16. ^ Albert, Antonio (May 12, 1993). "Imanol Arias debuta como director de cine con 'Un asunto privado'". El País (in Spanish). Madrid: Prisa. Retrieved September 3, 2018.
  17. ^ Macor, Alison (February 7, 1997). "Losing Chase". The Austin Chronicle. Archived from the original on August 5, 2020.
  18. ^ Kevin Ouellette (July 15, 2008). "Review: Dangan Runner". Nippon Cinema. Retrieved August 16, 2012.
  19. ^ a b c d "Top 5 Female Directorial Debuts". Soundonsight.org. October 24, 2011.
  20. ^ a b c d e f g h i "10 best-reviewed directorial debuts since 1990". Metacritic.com. Retrieved September 3, 2011.
  21. ^ a b c d e f "10 worst-reviewed directorial debuts since 1990". Metacritic.com. Retrieved September 3, 2011.
  22. ^ a b c d e f g "The Doom Dispatch: The Ten best Directorial Debuts of the Decade". www.geeksofdoom.com. 29 May 2009. Retrieved August 21, 2009.
  23. ^ Stevens, Dana (7 September 2006). "Sob Stories: The quiet beauty of Man Push Cart". Slate. Slate Magazine. Retrieved August 18, 2015.
  24. ^ Bradshaw, Peter (August 8, 2009). "Katalin Varga". London: Guardian.co.uk. Retrieved October 10, 2009.
  25. ^ "TIFF '10:Day 7". The A.V. Club. 16 September 2010. Retrieved September 17, 2010.
  26. ^ "SXSW Review: Attack The Block Could Be The Best Action Movie of the Year". Cinemablend.com. March 17, 2011.
  27. ^ Kevin Ma (June 1, 2014). "Bona announces Q1 2014 results". Film Business Asia. Retrieved June 1, 2014.
  28. ^ Sneider, Jeff (9 September 2018). "Hotel Mumbai Review: A Harrowing Recreation of 2008 Terror Attacks". Collider. Retrieved 13 May 2022.
  29. ^ Lang, Brent (2023-02-06). "Finn Wolfhard and Billy Bryk's Directorial Debut Hell of a Summer Drops First Look, Altitude Film Sales Boards Horror-Comedy (Exclusive)". Variety. Archived from the original on 2023-02-07. Retrieved 2023-02-07.
  30. ^ "I bambini di Gaza: ecco il trailer del film del regista italo-americano Loris Lai" [The children of Gaza: here is the trailer of the film by Italian-American director Loris Lai]. The Hollywood Reporter Roma (in Italian). 9 March 2024. Archived from the original on 13 March 2024. Retrieved 18 March 2024.
  31. ^ Kroll, Justin (October 28, 2022). "'Venom 3': Kelly Marcel Set to Direct Next Installment Starring Tom Hardy". Deadline. Archived from the original on October 28, 2022. Retrieved December 20, 2022.
  32. ^ Taylor, Drew (2024-08-10). "Pixar Chief Pete Docter Talks New Elio Directors, Story and Casting Changes | Exclusive". TheWrap. Retrieved 2024-09-13.
  33. ^ Tangcay, Jazz (June 3, 2021). "Rob Edwards to Make Directorial Debut With Animated Feature 'Sneaks' (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Retrieved December 6, 2024.
  34. ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (30 May 2024). "Goat: Sony Pictures Animation Sets Release Tied To 2026 NBA All-Star Weekend From Director Tyree Dillihay; Stephen Curry & Erick Peyton's Unanimous Media". Deadline. Retrieved 13 September 2024.
  35. ^ Gajewski, Ryan (30 May 2024). "Sony Sets Animated Sports Comedy GOAT From Stephen Curry for 2026 Release". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 13 September 2024.
  36. ^ "Warner Animation Group Dr. Seuss Enterprises Expand World Dr. Seuss Feature Films" (Press release). Warner Bros. 1 October 2020. Archived from the original on November 25, 2020. Retrieved 13 September 2024.
  37. ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (August 10, 2024). "Pixar Unveils New Film At D23: Hoppers With Jon Hamm & Bobby Moynihan". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved September 13, 2024.
  38. ^ "Michael Cera Interview: Scott Pilgrim, Barbie, The Adults". Retrieved 2023-08-16.
  39. ^ Zahed, Ramin (June 20, 2019). "Emily Dean Making Feature Directorial Debut with Sony's 'Tao'". Animation Magazine. Retrieved October 14, 2020.
  40. ^ "Tara Nicole Whitaker Making Feature Directorial Debut with Animated Pic "Pierre the Pigeon-Hawk"". August 17, 2021. Retrieved October 16, 2023.
  41. ^ Grobar, Matt (April 21, 2023). "Markiplier To Star In & Direct Horror Film Iron Lung From His Own Script; Self-Financed Feature Adapts David Szymanski Video Game". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on April 21, 2023. Retrieved May 1, 2023.
  42. ^ Cardinale, John (December 13, 2023). "First movie begins filming in New Mexico since SAG AFTRA strike". KOAT. Retrieved December 16, 2023.
  43. ^ Rubin, Rebecca (February 23, 2024). "Scarlett Johansson's Directorial Debut 'Eleanor the Great' Sets Cast: June Squibb, Chiwetel Ejiofor, Jessica Hecht (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Retrieved February 23, 2024.
  44. ^ Kroll, Justin (September 30, 2018). "'Sesame Street' Movie Taps 'Portlandia' Co-Creator Jonathan Krisel as Director (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Archived from the original on September 29, 2018. Retrieved September 30, 2018.
  45. ^ Rosario, Alexandra Del (January 28, 2021). "'The Witch Boy': Netflix To Release Animated Musical From Oscar-Nominated Director Minkyu Lee". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on February 4, 2021. Retrieved December 20, 2022.
  46. ^ Kroll, Justin (November 16, 2022). "Kristen Stewart To Direct Scott Free's Adaptation Of 'The Chronology Of Water' Starring Imogen Poots". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved November 16, 2022.
  47. ^ Lang, Brent (December 9, 2022). "Taylor Swift Making Feature Directing Debut for Searchlight Pictures". Variety. Archived from the original on December 10, 2022. Retrieved December 11, 2022.

Read other articles:

Burung minyak

Burung minyak Status konservasi Risiko Rendah (IUCN 3.1)[1] Klasifikasi ilmiah Kerajaan: Animalia Filum: Chordata Kelas: Aves (tanpa takson): Cypselomorphae Ordo: Steatornithiformes Subordo: Steatornithes Famili: SteatornithidaeBonaparte, 1842 Genus: SteatornisHumboldt, 1814 Spesies: S. caripensis Nama binomial Steatornis caripensisHumboldt, 1817 Burung minyak (Steatornis caripensis), dalam bahasa lokal dikenal sebagai guácharo, merupakan burung yang ditemukan di bagian ut...

 

Kongregasi Putri Karmel

Kongregasi Putri KarmelSingkatanPKarmTanggal pendirian19 Maret 1982PendiriRomo Yohanes Indrakusuma, CSEKantor pusatNgadireso, IndonesiaSitus webhttp://www.carmeliaindo.org/ Kongregasi Putri Karmel (PKarm) didirikan oleh Romo Yohanes Indrakusuma, CSE pada tanggal 19 Maret 1982 di Ngadireso, Indonesia. Suster-suster PKarm dalam paduan suara saat Misa Penyembuhan dalam Minggu Paskah Ketujuh di GSG St. Theresia di Lembah Karmel, Cikanyere. Lihat juga Romo Yohanes Indrakusuma, CSE Kongregasi Carme...

 

Kedutaan Besar Filipina untuk Takhta Suci

Kedutaan Besar Filipina untuk Takhta SuciPasuguan ng Pilipinas sa Banal na Luklukan Koordinat41°54′3.7″N 12°27′24.8″E / 41.901028°N 12.456889°E / 41.901028; 12.456889Koordinat: 41°54′3.7″N 12°27′24.8″E / 41.901028°N 12.456889°E / 41.901028; 12.456889LokasiRoma ( Italia)AlamatVia Paolo VI, 29Duta BesarMyla Grace Ragenia C. MacahiligSitus webvaticanpe.dfa.gov.ph Kedutaan Besar Filipina untuk Takhta Suci adalah perwakil...

Santo Domingo, Nueva Ecija

Peta menunjukkan lokasi Santo Domingo Data sensus penduduk di Santo Domingo Tahun Populasi Persentase 199540.992—200045.9342.47%200747.9600.60% Santo Domingo adalah munisipalitas yang terletak di provinsi Nueva Ecija, Filipina. Pada tahun 2010, munisipalitas ini memiliki populasi sebesar 47.960 jiwa dan 10.703 rumah tangga. Pembagian wilayah Secara administratif Santo Domingo terbagi menjadi 24 barangay, yaitu: Baloc Buasao Burgos Cabugao Casulucan Comitang Concepcion Dolores General Luna H...

 

Security Council of the Soviet Union

Security Council of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1990–1991) Security Council of the USSRСовет Безопасности СССРState Emblem of the USSRAgency overviewFormed15 March 1990Preceding agencyDefense Council (Soviet Union)Dissolved26 December 1991Superseding agencySecurity Council of the Russian FederationJurisdictionUnion of Soviet Socialist RepublicsHeadquartersMoscow, RSFSR, Soviet Union The Security Council of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) (Rus...

 

Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kota Parepare

Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat DaerahKota ParepareDewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kota Parepare 2019–2024JenisJenisUnikameral Jangka waktu5 tahunSejarahSesi baru dimulai2 September 2019PimpinanKetuaKaharuddin Kadir (Golkar) sejak 27 Desember 2022 Wakil Ketua ITasming Hamid (NasDem) sejak 9 Oktober 2019 Wakil Ketua IIRahmat Sjamsu Alam (Demokrat) sejak 9 Oktober 2019 KomposisiAnggota25Partai & kursi  PKB (1)   Gerindra (3)   PDI-P (2)   Golkar ...

Nichols High School

This article is about the former public high school in Tioga County. For the private school in Buffalo, see Nichols School. United States historic placeNichols High SchoolU.S. National Register of Historic PlacesNew York State Register of Historic Places Show map of New YorkShow map of the United StatesLocation84 Cady Ave.,Nichols, New YorkCoordinates42°01′14″N 76°21′53″W / 42.0206°N 76.3647°W / 42.0206; -76.3647Area1 acre (0.40 ha)Built1912Built byTho...

 

Erondegemse Pijl 2011

Cet article est une ébauche concernant le cyclisme et la Belgique. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Erondegemse Pijl 2011 GénéralitésCourse17e Erondegemse PijlCompétitionCalendrier international féminin UCI 2011 1.2Date6 août 2011Distance119,9 kmPays BelgiqueLieu de départErpe-MereLieu d'arrivéeErpe-MereVitesse moyenne39,215 km/hRésultatsVainqueur Chantal Blaak (AA Drink-Leontien.nl)Deux...

 

Katarina dari Navarra

KatarinaRatu NavarraBerkuasa7 Januari 1483 – 12 Februari 1517Penobatan1494PendahuluFrancis PhoebusPenerusHenry IIPenguasa bersamaYohanes IIIInformasi pribadiKelahiran1468Kematian12 Februari 1517(1517-02-12) (umur 48–49)WangsaFoixAyahGaston, Pangeran VianaIbuMagdalena dari PrancisPasanganYohanes III dari Navarra ​ ​(m. 1484; wafat 1516)​Anak Henry II, Raja Navarra Isabella, Viscountess dari Rohan Katarina (bahasa Basque: Katalina, ba...

Cricket in England

Overview of the sport of cricket in England This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Cricket in England – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTO...

 

Google Fiber

Broadband network from Alphabet in the United States Not to be confused with Google Fi Wireless. GFiberArea served28 areas across the contiguous United StatesOwnerGoogle (2010–2015)Access/Alphabet Inc. (2015–present)Key peopleDinesh Jain(CEO of Access)[1]IndustryMultiple-system operatorProductsBroadband InternetVoIP telephoneURLfiber.google.comLaunchedFebruary 10, 2010; 14 years ago (2010-02-10)Current statusActiveASNs16591 (primary)19165 (Webpass)...

 

Lanabregas

Village in Tirana, AlbaniaLanabregasVillageLanabregasCoordinates: 41°20′30″N 19°53′30″E / 41.34167°N 19.89167°E / 41.34167; 19.89167Country AlbaniaCountyTiranaMunicipalityTiranaMunicipal unitDajtTime zoneUTC+1 (CET) • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST) Lanabregas is a village in the former municipality of Dajt in Tirana County, Albania.[1] At the 2015 local government reform it became part of the municipality Tirana.[2] References ^ Q...

Frank Cayou

American football player and sports coach (1878–1948) Frank CayouCayou at Wabash, c. 1907Biographical detailsBorn(1878-03-07)March 7, 1878Decatur, Nebraska, U.S.DiedMay 7, 1948(1948-05-07) (aged 70)[1]Hominy, Oklahoma, U.S.Playing careerFootball1895–1898Carlisle1898Dickinson1899–1901IllinoisTrack and field1896–1898Carlisle1899Dickinson1900–1902Illinois Position(s)Quarterback, running backCoaching career (HC unless noted)Football1902Champaign Central HS (IL)1904–1907Wa...

 

Operation Falcon Summit

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Operation Falcon Summit – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this message)Operation Falcon SummitPart of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)Battle of PanjwaiiA Canadian .50 calibre machine gun fires on Ta...

 

Eizan Electric Railway

Railway company in Kyoto, Japan Eiden redirects here. For other uses, see Eiden (disambiguation). This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Eizan Electric Railway – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Eizan Electric RailwayDeo 900 type, nic...

Al Kaline

Al Kaline Kaline nel 1957 Nazionalità  Stati Uniti Baseball Ruolo Esterno Termine carriera 1974 Hall of fame National Baseball Hall of Fame (1980) CarrieraSquadre di club 1953-1974 Detroit Tigers Statistiche Batte destro Lancia destro Media battuta ,297 Valide 3 007 Punti battuti a casa 1 583 Fuoricampo 399 Palmarès Trofeo Vittorie World Series 1 All-Star 18 Vedi maggiori dettagli Statistiche aggiornate al 14 maggio 2017 Modifica dati su Wikidata · Manual...

 

New Revised Standard Version

English translation of the Bible NRSV redirects here. For the New York City punk band, see No Redeeming Social Value. New Revised Standard VersionNRSV Bible with the ApocryphaAbbreviationNRSVComplete Biblepublished1989Derived fromRevised Standard Version (2nd ed., 1971)Textual basisOT: Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia (2nd ed., 1983) and additional sources[1]Apocrypha: Septuagint (Rahlfs' and Göttingen) and additional sources[2]NT: UBS Greek New Testament (3rd corrected ed.) ...

 

Tax refund

Repayment of overpayed a tax Not to be confused with Tax return. Part of a series onTaxation An aspect of fiscal policy Policies Government revenue Property tax equalization Tax revenue Non-tax revenue Tax law Tax bracket Flat tax Tax threshold Exemption Credit Deduction Tax shift Tax cut Tax holiday Tax amnesty Tax advantage Tax incentive Tax reform Tax harmonization Tax competition Tax withholding Double taxation Representation Unions Medical savings account Economics General Theory Price e...

Protestant ecclesiology

The spectrum of teachings held by the Protestant Reformers The term Protestant ecclesiology refers to the spectrum of teachings held by the Protestant Reformers concerning the nature and mystery of the invisible church that is known in Protestantism as the Christian Church. Theology of grace Martin Luther argued that because the Catholic church had lost sight of the doctrine of grace, it had lost its claim to be considered as the authenthic Christian church; this argument was open to the coun...

 

Stade

This article is about the German city. For the unit of measure, see Stadion (unit). For other uses, see Stade (disambiguation). Town in Lower Saxony, GermanyStade Hansestadt StadeHansestadt StoodTownView of the historic harbour in Stade Coat of armsLocation of Stade within Stade district Stade Show map of GermanyStade Show map of Lower SaxonyCoordinates: 53°36′3″N 9°28′35″E / 53.60083°N 9.47639°E / 53.60083; 9.47639CountryGermanyStateLower SaxonyDistrictSta...