List of United States Military Academy first captains
CAPT. RWC SR MD
The Corps of Cadets at the United States Military Academy (USMA), at West Point, New York, is organized into a brigade. The senior ranking cadet, the brigade commander, is known traditionally as the first captain, a leadership position created in 1872. The first captain is responsible for the overall performance of the 4,400-strong Corps of Cadets, including the implementing of a class agenda and acting as a liaison between the corps and the administration.
The rigid screening process begins with the applications for enrollment being submitted to either Federal-level legislators, or to the president or vice president of the United States. Once enrolled at the academy, each student's performance is closely tracked through the first three years, at the end of which, the individual top-performing cadet is named first captain for the ensuing academic year. Among the notable historical figures who held that position were John J. Pershing, Douglas MacArthur, and William Westmoreland.
During the academy's first 174 years, only men were admitted, with Henry Ossian Flipper in 1877 being the first African-American graduate. Vincent K. Brooks in 1980 was the first African American to hold the rank of first captain, and John Tien, who became the Deputy Secretary of the United States Department of Homeland Security in 2021, was the first Asian American to serve as first captain, in 1987. The first woman selected as first captain was Kristin M. Baker in 1989, and Simone Askew became the first African American woman first captain in 2018. Caroline Robinson, a native of Birmingham, Alabama, is the 2024–2025 first captain.
Background
The United States Military Academy was founded in 1802, through the Military Peace Establishment Act signed into law by President Thomas Jefferson. The legislation served the dual purpose of maintaining a well-trained standing militia at the ready, and of bringing to fruition Jefferson's vision of a national university.[1] During the academy's first 174 years, only men were admitted, with Henry Ossian Flipper in 1877 being the first African-American graduate.[2] Public Law 94-106 (89 Stat. 531), signed by President Gerald Ford on 7 October 1975, mandated the admission of women at all of the previously male-only United States military service academies. On 7 July 1976, the first 119 women were admitted as students to West Point.[3]
The school is one of three officer-training United States service academies under the jurisdiction of the Department of Defense, which sets the criteria for the applicants. The other two schools are the United States Naval Academy and the United States Air Force Academy. Applications for admission to any of the three schools are submitted to the offices of the United States president and vice president, as well as to congressional and senatorial representatives.[4]
Selection and organization of the Cadet Corps
The USMA academic year runs 12 calendar months, beginning in mid-May of one year, with class graduation taking place in May the following year. Class of 2023 began 16 May 2022, with the scheduled graduation date of 27 May 2023.[5]
Each academic year, West Point announces its selection of cadet leadership positions. On 26 July 2021, Brigadier GeneralMark Quander, the current Commandant of Cadets, announced the Class of 2022 selections:
Today, the U.S. Military Academy announced the names of the cadets from the Class of 2022 selected to lead the Corps of Cadets during the academic year. These cadets will assume their leadership duties on Aug 15 prior to the start of the fall academic session at the academy. These Cadet-leaders have been challenged, tested, and assessed throughout their time at the Academy and have consistently prevailed, demonstrating excellence across all four pillars. They are leaders of character who have planned, coordinated, and led a rigorous and effective summer training cycle for the Corps of Cadets. It is abundantly clear that these leaders embody the values of Duty, Honor, and Country and have committed themselves to serving a higher cause.[6]
The corps of cadets of each academic year is organized into a brigade with four regiments. Within each regiment there are three battalions, each consisting of three companies. Companies are lettered A through I, with a number signifying which regiment it belongs to. For example, there are four "H" companies: H1, H2, H3, and H4.[7] The first captain is responsible for the overall performance of the 4,400-strong Corps of Cadets, including the implementing of a class agenda and acting as a liaison between the Corps and the administration.[8] The names of first captains are displayed on plaques outside the Eisenhower Barracks.[9]
Influence
Several have risen to high rank and historical importance. John J. Pershing was 1886 first captain.[10] With a goal of being a lawyer, he applied for enrollment to receive a tuition-free education. Prior to West Point, he taught at an all-black school in Laclede, Missouri.[11] Known also as "Black Jack Pershing", some sources attribute the nickname to his rigid leadership style, while others attribute it to his 1895 command of the all-black "Buffalo Soldier" 10th Cavalry Regiment.[12] In 1916, he led 10,000 men on an excursion into Mexico attempting to capture revolutionary general Pancho Villa.[13] On 13 June 1917, Pershing was put in charge of the World War IAmerican Expeditionary Forces in Europe, and was one of the architects of the Treaty of Versailles. He was promoted in 1919 to General of the Armies of the United States, at that time, the highest US Army rank ever achieved.[14][15]
Today marks my final roll call with you. But I want you to know that when I cross the river, my last conscious thoughts will be of the Corps, and the Corps, and the Corps.[21]
There were some unusual cases. Casper H. Conrad Jr. was selected as first captain of the Class of 1894 on 14 August 1893, but he went off limits during a cadet visit to the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago. He was court martialed and dismissed from the academy but was permitted to return the following year and graduated with the Class of 1895. He was removed as first captain on 24 August 1893 before the start of the Academic year and never served in the position.[10] There were two first captains in the Class of 1920 because Claude M. McQuarrie resigned the post in order to concentrate on his academic studies. Thomas A. Roberts Jr. was named as his successor for the remainder of the academic year.[10]
First captains (1872–present)
List of United States Military Academy first captains of the cadets
Captain who served as West Point assistant professor of both engineering and mathematics; commanding officer of the engineering company at Willets Point, New York
US Army Corps of Engineers 1876 Centennial Exposition, Mississippi River Commission, Boston Harbor, Long Island Sound, assistant to Chief of Engineers. Rose to the rank of colonel
Colonel, US Army Corps of Engineers, worked on various projects throughout the United States, recalled from retirement to active duty during World War I
Colonel and commanding officer, with a 40-year career in the US Army Corps of Engineers. Much of his career was to oversee water navigation locks at the Columbia River, Oregon, and the Washington Aqueduct improvement of the Mississippi River. Oversaw a lot of work on the Gulf Division River and Harbor, and the channel connecting the Great Lakes
2nd lieutenant with the 5th Artillery and the 1st Artillery, participated in an expedition to the mouth of the Methow River. Additional training at Naval torpedo school in Rhode Island, and stationed at Fort Alcatraz in California
US Army Corps of Engineers, retired with the rank of major in 1906. Post-Army career as chief engineer and consulting engineer with the city of Philadelphia. As a civilian, operated mining operations in Mexico
Baseball athlete from Abilene, Kansas before, during and after his US Army career; served in the Great Plains, as well as in Cuba following its 1898 independence
US Army Corps of Engineers, stationed at Fort Screven on Tybee Island, Georgia, designed the gun battery located on what is now Wassaw National Wildlife Refuge. He died trying to save drowning sailors during an 1898 hurricane off the Georgia coast. A monument to him was erected at Tybee by his former Military Academy classmates
General, Chief of Staff of the US Army, retired 1938, recalled 1941 as World War II Chairman of the War Department Personnel Board and died in office on 25 July 1945
US Army Corps of Engineers. 1910–1914 West Point head of Dept. of Practical Military Engineering. Deputy chief of staff World War I America Expeditionary Forces in France. Co-founder of the Society of American Military Engineers. Technical consultant for construction of the Cross Florida Barge Canal
Commander of 10th Field Artillery Regiment, chief of staff 3rd division, Fort Lewis (Washington), retiring in 1939. Recalled to active duty during World War II to serve as commander of the Presidio of Monterey, California. Final retirement 1943
Secretary of the general staff for the American Expeditionary Forces in World War I; commanded 28th Infantry Regiment; 1934 New York City deputy commissioner of sanitation, 1936 commissioner of water, gas and electricity, 1936
Brigadier general December 1941; commanding general on Tongatapu in Tonga, Espiritu Santo in Vanuatu 1942–1943, Army Ground Forces Replacement Depot at Fort Ord, California, 1943–1946
Brigadier general March 1942; Assistant Chief of Staff for Supply, War Department 1942–1943, Twelfth United States Army Group 1944–1945; technical advisor on film West Point
Colonel; commander of 2nd Armored Division artillery in North Africa, Sicily, Normandy; died August 1944 during Operation Overlord; posthumously awarded the Silver Star and Legion of Merit
Philanthropist who established The Olmsted Scholar Program. Remained in the army for one year after graduating but left to enter private business; he remained in the military as a member of the National Guard and Reserve and was recalled to active duty for World War II; recalled to active duty again during the Korean War; retired as a Reserve major general in 1959
Major general, captain of the West Point football team, All-America water polo player. World War II commander of the 173rd Field Artillery Group, liaison Chief of Staff with the Chinese Army of India, oversaw completion of the Burma Road, Legion of Merit for action in the China-Burma-India Theater, 1944–1945 Wisconsin National Guard, Wisconsin Athletic Hall of Fame
Deputy Chief of Staff, 15th Army, participated in the 1944 Operation Overlord. Major general through World War II. Legion of Merit awards for service in 1941–1945, Distinguished Service Medal for service 1946–1961
Major general who commanded the 10th Mountain Division in 1955 and 1956. Served in World War II and Korean War. Recipient of Army Distinguished Service Medal, Legion of Merit, Bronze Star Medal, and French Croix de Guerre
General, World War II Tunisia POW, Korean War, son-in-law of general George S. Patton, recipient of numerous medals and awards. Returned to West Point in 1945 as Commandant of Cadets
Colonel, Air Corps and Air Force, World War II and Korean War. Graduate of California Institute of Technology, United Kingdom Joint Services Staff College, Industrial College of the Armed Forces
General, West Point superintendent, 1960 to 1963, commander of United States forces during the Vietnam War from 1964 to 1968, US Army chief of staff from 1968 to 1972
Colonel, World War II and Korean War. Graduate of Princeton University, US Army Command and General Staff College, US Army War College. Commander, 10th Artillery Group. director of instruction, US Army Artillery and Missile School
Lieutenant general with the US Army Air Corps. Paratrooper and helicopter pilot who was instrumental in shaping the military's use of air power during war. Military advisor to the US Congress, as well as to the US Department of Defense at the Pentagon
US Air Force colonel, Battalion: 613th and 614th Bombardment Squadrons, also served in the Korean War, elected to the College Football Hall of Fame in 1959
Lieutenant colonel, graduate of Command and General Staff College, service in Germany, Korea, Vietnam. At the time of his death, being considered for membership in the Vietnam Helicopter Pilots Association
Enrolled in the academy following service in World War II Germany, and the Korean War. He served two tours of duty with the 101st Airborne Division in Vietnam, for which he received a Bronze Star, the Legion of Merit, and the Purple Heart, He later served in the National Military Command Center at the Pentagon, and lastly as Commandant of Cadets at West Point
Platoon leader during the Arkansas Little Rock Nine racial integration. Two tours of Vietnam. Served in the Pentagon and the US State Department, Commandant of Cadets at West Point. Post-retirement graduate of William & Mary Law School
Brigadier general, Rhodes scholar, Harvard PhD in economics. 1950 valedictorian at Bradwell Institute in Hinesville, Georgia, Olvey Field named for him
Physician. Quarterback for Army Football Team. Two tours in Vietnam. 1965-1966 Rifle & Weapons Platoon Leader of Company B, 2nd Battalion, 503rd Infantry, 173rd Airborne Brigade and S-3 Liaison Officer last five months. 1968-69 Commander of Company D, 2nd Battalion, 27th Infantry, 25th Infantry Division. Served as G3 Operations Officer for 22nd Infantry. Silver Star, 2 Purple Hearts, 2 Bronze Stars. 22 years of service in the Infantry and Medical Branch.
Son of general John L. Throckmorton. Football team captain, 1967. Lieutenant colonel (retired). Graduate of Princeton University and Long Island University
Published author; Vietnam service prior to enrolling at West Point, participated in the 1990 Gulf War, army staff in Washington, DC, and Headquarters, Forces Command in Atlanta, Georgia
First African American to hold the rank of first captain. US Army general who served with the PentagonJoint Chiefs of Staff. Commander, US Forces Korea Combined Forces Command and United Nations Command
Managing partner at HCI Equity, Master of Business Administration – Harvard Business School, Bachelor of Science in economics from the US Military Academy at West Point
Career army commander who earned degrees in economics and civil engineering at West Point. He earned an M.P.S. degree in legislative affairs from the George Washington University, and served as legislative assistant to the 38th Army Chief of Staff. Army military aide to the president of the United States
Served in Iraq and Afghanistan, graduate of the Harvard Business School (MBA), Former President and CEO of PWSC, current Partner at Artesian and Member of Board of Advisors for Kingsway Financial Services
Also known as Lindsey Danilack Chrismon. Special Operations Aviation Regiment based at Fort Campbell, Kentucky. Boeing AH-64 Apache pilot, recruited by the academy while she was still in high school
In an interview with Chicago WCIU-TV show YouAndMeThisMorning, Welch credited his military service to the examples set by his grandfathers. Upon graduation, he commissioned into the Army Aviation branch and subsequently trained to become a helicopter pilot
First-generation American whose parents emigrated from the Netherlands, Van de Wall applied and was appointed to West Point during his first year enrollment in ROTC. He was selected a Rhodes scholar in residence and received degrees in government foreign policy and business administration from the University of Oxford before entering full-time Army service.
Also known as Reilly McGinnis Rudolph. Recruited in high school by the US Army women's soccer team. She and her husband are assigned to the 130th Engineer Brigade
Scheduled to attend the University of Oxford as a Rhodes scholar, where she will work on Master of Science degrees in global governance and diplomacy and refugee and forced migration studies
^Olenjniczak, Julian M., ed. (September–October 1995). "Obituary, George Edward Martin". Assembly. West Point, NY: Association of Graduates. pp. 159–160.
^graduates, United States Military Academy Association of (1982). "Graduates Assembly". Association of Graduates, United States Military Academy. p. 36.
Ancell, R. Manning; Miller, Christine (1996). The Biographical Dictionary of WWII Generals and Flag Officers: The US Armed Forces. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. ISBN0-313-29546-8.
Cullum, George W. (1960). Biographical Register of the Officers and Graduates of the US Military Academy at West Point New York Since Its Establishment in 1802: Supplement Volume X 1950–1960. West Point, New York: West Point Alumni Foundation.