List of Tulostoma species

Tulostoma spp.

Tulostoma is a genus of over 100 species of fungi in the family Agaricaceae. Commonly known as stalked puffballs, the cosmopolitan genus consists of species which produce small fruit bodies, characterized by stalks inserted in a socket at the base of the spherical spore-sac opened by a small and apical mouth. The spore-sac contains gleba, a mixture of spores and associated cells; at maturity, the spores are released through one or more apical pores. Tulostoma species prefer xeric microhabitats, savannahs and deserts, and are saprobic—obtaining nutrients by decomposing roots, buried wood and other organic material of plant origin.[1]

The following list of 102 species is compiled from Jorge Eduardo Wright's 1987 world monograph on the Tulostomatales, as well as reports of new taxa described in the literature published since then. Wright included 139 species in his monograph, including 47 "doubtful or critical" species. New species have since been reported from Spain (1992),[2] Mexico (1995),[3] Venezuela (2000),[4] Tunisia (2002),[4] China (2005),[5] and Argentina.[6]

Infrageneric classification

Czech mycologist Zdeněk Pouzar elaborated an infrageneric (below the level of genus) system of classification for Tulostoma species in his 1958 monograph of European taxa.[7] Wright expanded and revised Pouzar's classification system to include all known species:

Subgenus Tulostoma
Series Tubulares
Section Brumalia
Section Hyphales
Section Granulosae
Section Volvulata
Section Meristostoma
Series Fimbriata
Section Fimbriata
Section Poculata
Section Exasperata
Section Dubiostoma
Section Rickiana
Subgenus Lacerostoma
Section Lacerata

Key

Scientific name Latin binomial name of the species
Section Section to which the species belongs
Classified Year in which the species was formally described and classified, as well as the binomial authority on the species
Distribution Continental distribution of the species; question marks indicate that the evidence is questionable and/or not verifiable
Refs Citation to the protolog (original publication) and any additional references used to determine distribution
Tulostoma brumale
Tulostoma fimbriatum
Tulostoma kotlabae
Tulostoma simulans
Tulostoma macrocephalum
Scientific name Classified Section Distribution References
T. adhaerens 1923, Lloyd Hyphales Africa, Asia, Australia [8][9]
T. albicans 1901, V.S.White Australia, Europe, North America, South America, [10][11]
T. albiceps 1947, Long & S.Ahmad Asia [12][13]
T. albocretaceum 1947, Long & S.Ahmad Meristostoma Asia [12][14]
T. album 1891, Massee Meristostoma Australia [15][16]
T. americanum 1906, Lloyd Brumalia North America, South America [17][18]
T. amnicola 1947, Long & S.Ahmad Hyphales Asia, Tunisia[19] [12][20]
T. andrejevianum 1970, Philimonova & Schwarzmann Dubiostoma Asia [21][22]
T. aurasiacum 1905, Pat. Brumalia North Africa, Asia (?) [23][24]
T. australianum 1906, Lloyd Lacerata Africa (?), Australia, South America (?) [17][25]
T. beccarianum 1904, Bres. Brumalia Southern Europe, South America [26][27][28]
T. berkleyi 1906, Lloyd Fimbriata North America [17][29]
T. berteroanum 1845, (Lév. ex Lév.) Sacc. & Trotter Poculata South America, Tunisia[19] [30][31]
T. brasiliense 1972, J.E. Wright Brumalia Australia (?), North America, South America [32][33]
T. brumale 1794, Pers. Asia, Europe, North America, South America [34][35]
T. caespitosum 1891, Trab. Brumalia Africa, Asia, North America, South America [36][37]
T. cerebrisporum 2000, J.E.Wright South America [38]
T. chevalieri 1911, Har. & Pat. Hyphales Africa [39][40]
T. chudaei 1907, Pat. Meristostoma Africa, Australia, North America, South America [41][42]
T. cineraceum 1947, Long Meristostoma Asia [43][44]
T. clathrosporum 1987, J.E. Wright Brumalia North America [45][46]
T. costatum 1980, B. Liu Asia [47]
T. cretaceum 1944, Long Lacerata North America, South America [48][49]
T. cyclophorum 1906, Lloyd Poculata Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, South America [17][50]
T. delbustoi 1987, J.E. Wright Fimbriata South America [51]
T. dennisii 1987, J.E. Wright Granulosae South America [52]
T. domingueziae 2011, Hern.Caffot South America [6]
T. dumeticola 1987, Long Granulosae Central America, North America, South America [43][53][54][55]
T. exasperatosporum 1983, J.E. Wright Africa [56][57]
T. exasperatum 1842, Mont. Brumalia Pantropical [58][59]
T. excentricum 1944, Long Hyphales Asia, North America [48][60]
T. exitum 1947, Long & S. Ahmad Lacerata Asia [12][61]
T. fimbriatum 1829, Fr. Fimbriata Europe [62][63]
T. floridanum 1906, Lloyd Hyphales North America [17][64]
T. fulvellum 1904, Bres. Poculata Europe, Japan[65] [26][66]
T. giganteum 1987, J.E. Wright Hyphales North America [67]
T. giovanellae 1881, Bres. Brumalia Africa, Europe [68][69]
T. graciliceps 1987, J.E. Wright Poculata Africa, Mexico[70] [71]
T. helanshanense 1978, B. Liu, Z.Y. Li & Du Brumalia Asia [72][73]
T. herteri 1942, Lohwag & Swoboda Dubiostoma North America, South America [74][75]
T. hollosii 1956, Z. Moravec Poculata Europe [76][77]
T. hygrophilum 1947, Long & S. Ahmad Hyphales Asia [12][78]
T. innermongolicum 1984, Liu Dubiostoma Asia [79][80]
T. involucratum 1944, Long Brumalia Africa, North America, South America [48][81]
T. jourdani 1886, Pat. Hyphales Africa, Asia, Australia, North America, South America [82][83]
T. kogaschiki 1970, Schwarzmann & Philimonova Hyphales Asia [21][84]
T. kotlabae 1958, Pouzar Brumalia Europe [7][85]
T. kreiselii 2002, G. Moreno, E. Horak & Altés Africa [4]
T. laceratum 1834, Ehrenberg
T. lacrimisporum 2005, L. Fan & B. Liu Asia [5]
T. leiosporum 1909, R.E.Fr. Fimbriata South America [86][87]
T. lejospermum 1922, Spegazzini Lacerata South America [88][89]
T. leprosum 1888, (Kalchbr.) Sacc. Granulosae Australia [90][91]
T. lesliei 1921, Van der Byl Hyphales Africa [92][93]
T. lloydii 1904, Bres. Poculata Europe, North America [26][94]
T. longii 1906, Lloyd Brumalia North America [17][95]
T. lysocephalum 1944, Long Hyphales North America [48][96]
T. lusitanicum 2000, Calonge & M.G.Almeida Europe [97]
T. macalpinianum 1906, Lloyd Granulosae Australia, South America [17][98]
T. macowanii 1904, Bres. Poculata Africa, Australia (?) [26][99]
T. macrocephalum 1944, Long Meristostoma North America, South America [48][100]
T. macrosporium 1925, G.Cunn. Hyphales Africa, Australia, North America [101][102]
T. melanocyclum 1904, Bres. Brumalia Europe, North America [26][103]
T. meridionale 1972, J.E.Wright North America, South America [32][104]
T. meristostoma 1944, Long Meristostoma North America, South America [48][105]
T. mohavei 1920, Lloyd Hyphales Asia, North America, South America [106][107]
T. montanum 1886, Pat. Hyphales Africa, North America, South America [108][109]
T. moravecii 1958, Pouzar Brumalia Europe [7][110]
T. mussooriense 1901, Hennings Asia [111][112]
T. nanum 1987, (Pat.) J.E.Wright Hyphales Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, South America [113]
T. nigeriense 1987, J.E.Wright Africa [114]
T. niveum 1978, Kers Brumalia Europe [115][116]
T. obesum 1878, Cooke & Ellis South America [117][118]
T. obscurum 1972, J.E.Wright Poculata North America [32][119]
T. opacum 1944, Long Poculata North America [48][120]
T. pluriosteum 1947, Long & S.Ahmad Hyphales Asia [12][121]
T. portoricense 1987, J.E.Wright Fimbriata Puerto Rico [122]
T. pseudopulchellum 1992, G.Moreno, Altés & J.E.Wright Europe [2]
T. pubescens 1925, G. Cunn. Hyphales Australia [101][123]
T. pulchellum 1890, Sacc. Poculata Africa, Australia, Europe, Middle East, North America, South America [124][125]
T. purpusii 1898, Henn. Brumalia Africa, Australia, North America, South America [126][127]
T. pusillum 1842, Berk. Granulosae Asia, Caribbean, South America [128][129]
T. pygmaeum 1906, Lloyd Hyphales Africa, Australia, North America, South America [17][130]
T. readerii 1906, Lloyd Fimbriata Australia [17][131]
T. reticulatum 1980, B.Liu Australia [47][132]
T. rickii 1906, Lloyd Rickiana South America [17][133]
T. rivulosum 1947, Long Hyphales North America [43][134]
T. rufum 1906, Lloyd Hyphales Africa, Europe, North America [17][135]
T. semisulcatum 1895, Peck Brumalia North America [136][137]
T. simulans 1906, Lloyd Brumalia Africa, Asia, Europe, Central America, North America, South America [17][138]
T. sinense 1987, J.E.Wright Brumalia Asia [139]
T. squamosum 1801, Pers. Brumalia Europe, North America [140][141]
T. striatum 1925, G. Cunn. Poculata Africa, Australia, Europe, North America, South America [101][142][143]
T. subfuscum 1901, V.S. White Poculata Africa, Australia, North America, Middle East [10][144]
T. submembranaceum 1995, G. Moreno, C. Ochoa & J.E. Wright North America [3]
T. subsquamosum 1947, Long & S. Ahmad Hyphales Asia, South America [12][145]
T. thiersii 1987, J.E. Wright Brumalia North America, South America [46][146]
T. transvaali 1921, Lloyd Exasperata Africa [147][148]
T. utahense 1987, J.E. Wright North America [149]
T. verrucosum 1890, Morgan Granulosae North America [150][151]
T. verrucicapillitium 2005, L.Fan & B.Liu Asia [5]
T. volvulatum 1865, I.G.Borshchov Volvulata Africa, Asia, Europe, North America [152][153]
T. wightii 1842, Cooke & Ellis Rickiana Asia [117][154]
T. xerophilum 1946, Long Brumalia North America [155][156]

Notes

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  2. ^ a b Moreno G, Altés A, Wright JE (1992). "Tulostoma pseudopulchellum sp. nov: (Tulostomatales, Gasteromycetes) and allied species". Mycotaxon. 43: 479–86.
  3. ^ a b Moreno G, Altés A, Ochoa C, Wright JE (1995). "Contribution to the study of the Tulostomataceae in Baja. California, Mexico". Mycologia. 87 (1): 96–120. doi:10.2307/3760953. JSTOR 3760953.
  4. ^ a b c Moreno G, Horak E, Altés A (2002). "Tulostoma kreiselii, a new species from Tunisia, Northern Africa". Feddes Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis. 113 (1–2): 7–10. doi:10.1002/1522-239X(200205)113:1/2<7::AID-FEDR7>3.0.CO;2-5.
  5. ^ a b c Fan L, Liu B (2005). "Two new species of Tulostoma from China" (PDF). Mycosystema. 24 (2): 159–61.[permanent dead link‍]
  6. ^ a b Caffot ML, Dominguez LS, Hosaka K, Crespo EM (2011). "Tulostoma domingueziae sp nov from Polylepis australis woodlands in Cordoba Mountains, central Argentina". Mycologia. 103 (5): 1047–54. doi:10.3852/10-266. hdl:11336/14514. PMID 21482631. S2CID 7917500.
  7. ^ a b c Pouzar Z. (1958). Pilát A (ed.). Flora CSR – Gasteromycetes (in Czech). Prace Ceskoslovenské Akademie Ved. Praha. pp. 598–613, 810–15.
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  13. ^ Wright (1987), p. 60.
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  155. ^ Long WH. (1946). "Studies in the Gasteromycetes XII: Five new species of Tylostoma with membranous exoperidia". Mycologia. 38 (1): 77–90. doi:10.2307/3755049. JSTOR 3755049.
  156. ^ Wright (1987), pp. 215–7.

References

  • Wright JE. (1987). The genus Tulostoma (Gasteromycetes). Bibliotheca mycologia. Vol. 113. Berlin, Germany: J. Cramer. p. 338. ISBN 3-443-59014-4.