List of Friday mosques designed by Mimar Sinan

Süleymaniye Mosque which Mimar Sinan considered his most important work

This is a list of the Friday mosques for which the Ottoman architect Mimar Sinan claimed responsibility in his autobiographies. Of the 77 mosques in the list, 39 are in Istanbul.

Background

Mimar Sinan was appointed to the post of chief Ottoman architect by the grand vizier Ayas Mehmed Pasha in 1539. Sinan occupied the position until his death in 1588 and served under three sultans: Süleyman I (ruled 1520–66), Selim II (ruled 1566–74) and Murad III (ruled 1574–95).[1] In his autobiography Biographical Memoir of Construction (Teẕkiretü’l-bünyān), Sinan claimed to have designed 698 building including 80 Friday mosques and more than 400 smaller community mosques (masjids).[2] In reality he led a team of royal architects and the buildings would have been collective works.[3] Sinan himself would have been occupied with the large building projects undertaken for the sultan. These were the Şehzade Mosque (1543–48), the Süleymaniye Mosque (1548–59), the Kirkçeşme waterworks (1561–65), the Büyükçekmece bridge (1565–67) and the Selimiye Mosque in Edirne (1568–74). After this date, during the rule of Murad III, there were no major construction projects and as an old man he would have entrusted the work to other architects.[4]

The following list of 77 Friday mosques was compiled by the historian Gülru Necipoğlu. It is based on the lists appended to two of Sinan's autobiographies: Gift of the Architects (Tuḥfetü’l-miʿmārīn) and Biographical Memoir of Buildings (Teẕkiretü’l-ebniye).[5] The list excludes older mosques that Sinan renovated and those converted into Friday mosques from older community mosques.[6]

Chronological list of Friday mosques

Date Name Location Dome diameter Listed dependencies
c. 1537 Shahsultan Mosque Eyüp, Istanbul hipped roof non-extant: dervish convent
1538/39–1540 Haseki Sultan Mosque Haseki, Istanbul 11.3 m (37 ft) madrassa, hospital, elementary school
1538–39 Çavuşbaşı or Sütlüce Mosque (extensively rebuilt) Sütlüce, Istanbul hipped roof none
1541–42 Tercüman Yunus Beg Mosque (extensively rebuilt) Balat, Istanbul hipped roof madrasa
c. 1541–44 Hadım Ali Pasha Mosque Diyarbakır, Turkey 14.4 m (47 ft) madrasa
c. 1542–47 Çukurcuma Mosque (completely rebuilt) Tophane, Istanbul hipped roof none
c. 1543 Nişancı Mustafa Çelebi Mosque (completely rebuilt) Eyüp, Istanbul probably hipped roof non-extant: bath-house
1543–44 Osmanshah's mother (non-extant) Aksaray, Istanbul hipped roof non-extant: madrasa
c. 1543/44–1548 Mihrimah Sultan Mosque Üsküdar, Istanbul 11.4 m (37 ft) madrasa; non-extant: hospice
1543–1548 Şehzade Mosque Şehzadebası, Istanbul 19 m (62 ft) mausoleum, madrasa, hospice, elementary school, caravansarai
c. 1546–47 Khusrawiyya Mosque (heavily damaged during civil war) Aleppo, Syria approx. 18 m (59 ft) madrasa
1547–48 Sofu Mehmed Pasha Mosque now Sveti Sedmochislenitsi Church (converted to a church in early 20th century) Sofia, Bulgaria 18.3 m (60 ft) none
1548–59 Süleymaniye Mosque Süleymaniye, Istanbul 26.5 m (87 ft) four madrasas, hadith college, medical college, Quran recitation school, hospital, hospice, caravansarai, bath-house, elementary school
1550–1552/53 Rüstem Pasha Mosque Tekirdağ, Turkey 13.3 m (44 ft) hospice, madrasa; non-extant: caravansarai
c. 1550–57 Takiyya al–Khassaki Sultan Mosque (partly extant; see Haseki Sultan Imaret) Jerusalem hospice; non-extant: madrasa
1551 Hadim Ibrahim Pasha Mosque Silivrikapı, Istanbul 12 m (39 ft) mausoleum; non-extant: bath-house
1551–65 Çerkes İskender Pasha Mosque Diyarbakır, Turkey approx. 15 m (49 ft) none
c. 1552–57 Rüstem Pasha Mosque (completely rebuilt) Sapanca, Turkey hipped roof hospice, bath-house; non-extant: caravansarai
c. 1552 Merkez Efendi Mosque (completely rebuilt) Yenikapı, Istanbul hipped roof bath-house
c. 1552 Tatar Khan or Juma-Jami Mosque Yevpatoria, Ukraine 6.0 m (19.7 ft) non-extant: mausoleum
1553–54 Kapıağası Mahmud Agha Mosque (extensively rebuilt) Ahırkapı, Istanbul probably hipped roof non-extant: madrasa, mausoleum
1553–54 Defterelar Ebulfaz Mehmed Efendi Mosque (non-extant) Tophane, Istanbul hipped roof non-extant: mausoleum
1554–58/59 Sulaymaniyya Takiyya Mosque Damascus, Syria 10 m (33 ft) hospice, madrasa
1554–55 Kazasker Abdurrahman Çelebi Mosque (non-extant) Çapa, Istanbul hipped roof non-extant: mausoleum
1554–55/56 Sinan Pasha Mosque Beşiktaş, Istanbul 12.6 m (41 ft) madrasa; non-extant: bath-house
1555 (planned), c. 1565–71/72 Kara Ahmed Pasha Mosque Topkapı, Istanbul 12 m (39 ft) madrasa, mausoleum
1556–65/66 Al-Adiliyah Mosque Aleppo, Syria unknown none
c. 1557–60 Rüstem Pasha Mosque (non-extant) Samanlı (now Yalova) probably hipped roof non-extant: caravansarai
c. 1557–60 Rüstem Pasha Mosque (non-extant) Bolu, Turkey probably hipped roof non-extant: double caravansarai
1558 Selimiye Mosque Konya 12 m (39 ft) (Architect was probably Sinan)
1557–58 Karađoz Bey Mosque Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina 10.7 m (35 ft) none
1559–60 Haseki Sultan Mosque (non-extant) Svilengrad, Bulgaria hipped roof non-extant: hospice
1559–60 Cihangir Mosque (completely rebuilt) Cihangir, Istanbul hipped roof none
1559–60 İskender Pasha Mosque (extensively rebuilt) Kanlıca, Istanbul hipped roof mausoleum; non-extant: madrasa, bath-house
1559–60 Ferhad Pasha Mosque (extensively rebuilt) Kastamonu, Turkey hipped roof none
c. 1560/61–1562/63 Hürrem Çavus Mosque Karagümrük, Istanbul hipped roof none
1560–63/64 Sultaniya Mosque Karapınar, Turkey 14.8 m (49 ft) hospice, bath-house, caravansarai
c. 1661–65 Semiz Ali Pasha Mosque Marmara Ereğlisi hipped roof none
c. 1561 Rüstem Pasha Mosque (extensively renovated) Bolvadin, Turkey 13.9 m (46 ft) none
c. 1561–63 Rüstem Pasha Mosque Tahtakale, Istanbul 15.2 m (50 ft) none
c. 1563–70 Mihrimah Sultan Mosque Edirnekapı, Istanbul 20.3 m (67 ft) madrasa, bath–house
1562–63 Ferruh Kethüda Mosque Balat, Istanbul hipped roof none
1562–63 Odabaşı Behruz Agha Mosque (extensively rebuilt) Şehremini, Istanbul hipped roof non-extant: bath-house
c. 1562–63 Binaemini Sinan Agha Mosque Yenibahçe, Istanbul hipped roof none
1562–63 Lala Mustafa Pasha Mosque Erzurum, Turkey 10.6 m (35 ft) none
1565–69/70 Sokollu Mehmed Pasha Mosque Lüleburgaz, Turkey 12.5 m (41 ft) madrasa; non-extant: hospice, caravansarai
c. 1565–73 Piyale Pasha Mosque Kasımpaşa, Istanbul 6 × 8.9 m (29 ft) none
1565–66 Cenabi Ahmed Pasha Mosque Ankara, Turkey 14.4 m (47 ft) none
c. 1565–69/70 Firdevs Pasha Mosque Isparta, Turkey 12.4 m (41 ft) none
c. 1564/65–1572/73 Behram Pasha Mosque Diyarbakır, Turkey 15.9 m (52 ft) none
c. 1566–70 Lala Hüseyin Pasha Mosque Kütahya, Turkey 12.5 m (41 ft) none
c. 1566–78 Sokollu Mustafa Pasha Mosque (non-extant) Budapest, Hungary unknown non-extant: mausoleum
c. 1566/67–70 Osman Shah Mosque Trikala, Greece 18 m (59 ft) none
1567–68 Köse Hüsrev Pasha Mosque Van, Turkey 14.8 m (49 ft) non-extant: madrasa
1567–68 Mevlana Efendi Mosque (completely rebuilt) Üsküdar, Istanbul hipped roof none
c. 1567/68–1571/72 Sokollu Mehmed Pasha Mosque Kadırgalimanı, Istanbul 13 m (43 ft) madrasa, dervish convent
1567–74 Sokollu Mehmed Pasha Mosque Payas, Turkey approx. 8 m (26 ft) hospice, caravansarai
1568–74 Selimiye Mosque Edirne, Turkey 31.2 m (102 ft) madrasa, hadith college, Quran recitation school
c. 1569–74 Defterdar Mustafa Çelebi Mosque (dome rebuilt) Edirne, Turkey 12 m (39 ft) none
c. 1569–75 (1585–86 portico and courtyard) Semiz Ali Pasha Mosque Babaeski, Turkey 14 m (46 ft) non-extant: madrasa
1571–83 (expanded 1584–85/86) Atik Valide Mosque Üsküdar, Istanbul 12.7 m (42 ft) madrasa, Quran recitation school, hospital, dervish convent, caravansarai, bath-house
c. 1570–84 Molla Çelebi Mosque Beyoğlu, Istanbul 11.8 m (39 ft) non-extant: bath-house
1570–71 Murad Pasha Mosque (extensively renovated) Baghdad, Iraq unknown none
1572–79/80 Pertev Pasha Mosque İzmit, Turkey 16.4 m (54 ft) none
1573–77 Sokollu Kasim Bey Mosque (missing portico) Havsa, Turkey approx. 13 m (43 ft) hospice, bath-house; non-extant: caravansarai
c. 1573–77/78 Sokollu Mehmed Pasha Mosque Azapkapı, Istanbul 11.8 m (39 ft) bath-house
c. 1575–88 Ferhad Pasha Mosque Çatalca, Turkey 9.2 m (30 ft) none
c. 1576–85/86 Haci Ahmed Pasha Mosque Kayseri, Turkey 12.3 m (40 ft) none
1577–90 Zal Mahmud Pasha Mosque Eyüp, Istanbul 12.4 m (41 ft) mausoleum, twin madrsas
1578–80/81 Kılıç Ali Pasha Mosque Tophane, Istanbul 12.7 m (42 ft) mausoleum, bath-house
1580–81 Şemsi Pasha Mosque Üsküdar, Istanbul 8.2 m (27 ft) mausoleum, madrasa; non-extant: dervish convent
1583–86/87 Muradiye Mosque Manisa, Turkey 10.6 m (35 ft) hospice
1584–85 Mehmed Agha Mosque Çarşamba, Istanbul 11.8 m (39 ft) mausoleum
1584–85/86 Mesih Mehmed Pasha Mosque Hırka-i Şerif, Istanbul 12.8 m (42 ft) mausoleum
1584/85–88/89 Nişancı Mehmed Pasha Mosque Karagümrük, Istanbul 14.2 m (47 ft) mausoleum
1585 Hacı Evhad Mosque Yedikule, Istanbul hipped roof none
1585–86 Ramazan Efendi Mosque Kocamustafapaşa, Istanbul hipped roof none
c. 1587–91 Melek Ahmed Pasha Mosque Diyarbakır, Turkey 11.5 m (38 ft) none

See also

References

  1. ^ Necipoğlu 2005, p. 27.
  2. ^ Necipoğlu 2005, pp. 135–136.
  3. ^ Necipoğlu 2005, p. 135.
  4. ^ Necipoğlu 2005, p. 181.
  5. ^ Necipoğlu 2005, pp. 558–561.
  6. ^ Necipoğlu 2005, p. 47.

Sources

  • Necipoğlu, Gülru (2005). The Age of Sinan: Architectural Culture in the Ottoman Empire. London: Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1-86189-253-9.

Further reading