In this article, "China" refers to the modern territories controlled by the People's Republic of China (which controls Mainland China, Hong Kong and Macau) and the Republic of China (which controls Taiwan area). For more information, see Two Chinas, Political status of Taiwan, One-China policy, 1992 Consensus and One country, two systems.

"China" also refers to many historical states, empires and dynasties that controlled parts of what are now the PRC and the ROC. For leaders of ancient and imperial China, see List of Chinese monarchs.

• List of presidents of the Republic of China (1912–present)
• Paramount leader (1949–present)
• List of presidents of the People's Republic of China (1949–present)

/ Republic of China Year President(list) Republic of China (Mainland China) 1912 Sun Yat-sen Yuan Shikai 1913 1914 1915 1916 Li Yuanhong 1917 Feng Guozhang 1918 Xu Shichang 1919 1920 1921 1922 Zhou Ziqi (acting) Li Yuanhong 1923 Gao Lingwei (acting) Cao Kun 1924 Huang Fu (acting) Duan Qirui (acting) 1925 1926 Hu Weide (acting) Yan Huiqing (acting) Du Xigui (acting) V.K. Wellington Koo Wei-chün (acting) 1927 Zhang Zuolin (acting) 1928 Chiang Kai-shek 1929 1930 1931 Lin Sen 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 Chiang Kai-shek 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 Li Zongren (acting)

China Year President (list) Republic of China (Taiwan) President (list) People's Republic of China (Mainland China) 1949 Li Zongren (acting) Mao Zedong (Paramount leader: Himself) 1950 Chiang Kai-shek 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 Liu Shaoqi (Paramount leader: Mao Zedong) 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 Soong Ching-ling (acting) & Dong Biwu (acting) (Paramount leader: Mao Zedong) 1969 1970 1971 1972 Dong Biwu (acting) (Paramount leader: Mao Zedong) 1973 1974 1975 Position abolished (Paramount leaders: Mao Zedong, Hua Guofeng, and Deng Xiaoping) Yen Chia-kan 1976 1977 1978 Chiang Ching-kuo 1979 1980 1981 Soong Ching-ling (honorary) (Paramount leader: Deng Xiaoping) Position abolished (Paramount leader: Deng Xiaoping) 1982 1983 Li Xiannian (Paramount leader: Deng Xiaoping) 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 Lee Teng-hui Yang Shangkun (Paramount leader: Deng Xiaoping) 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 Jiang Zemin (Paramount leader: Himself) 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Chen Shui-bian 2001 2002 Hu Jintao (Paramount leader: Himself) 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Ma Ying-jeou 2009 2010 2011 2012 Xi Jinping (Paramount leader: Himself) 2013 2014 2015 2016 Tsai Ing-Wen 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Lai Ching-te

• List of premiers of the Republic of China (1912–present)
• List of premiers of the People's Republic of China (1949–present)

/ Republic of China Year Premier / the Republic of China (Mainland China) 1912 Tang Shaoyi Lu Zhengxiang Zhao Bingjun 1913 Xiong Xiling 1914 Sun Baoqi Xu Shichang 1915 Lu Zhengxiang (acting) 1916 Xu Shichang Duan Qirui Duan Qirui 1917 Wu Tingfang (acting) Li Jingxi Duan Qirui Wang Daxie (acting) Wang Shizhen (acting) 1918 Qian Nengxun (acting) Duan Qirui Qian Nengxun (acting) 1919 Gong Xinzhan (acting) Jin Yunpeng (acting) Jin Yunpeng 1920 Sa Zhenbing Jin Yunpeng 1921 Yan Huiqing (acting) Liang Shiyi 1922 Yan Huiqing (acting) Wang Chonghui (acting) Wang Daxie (acting) Wang Zhengting (acting) 1923 Zhang Shaozeng Gao Lingwei 1924 Sun Baoqi V.K. Wellington Koo Wei-chün (acting) Yan Huiqing Huang Fu Post abolished 1925 Xu Shiying 1926 Jia Deyao (acting) Hu Weide (acting) Yan Huiqing Du Xigui (acting) V.K. Wellington Koo Wei-chün (acting) 1927 Pan Fu (acting) Post abolished 1928 Tan Yankai 1929 1930 T. V. Soong Tse-Ven Chiang Kai-shek 1931 Chen Mingshu 1932 Sun Fo Wang Jingwei 1933 1934 1935 Chiang Kai-shek 1936 1937 1938 H. H. Kung Hsiang-hsi Chiang Kai-shek 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 T. V. Soong Tse-Ven 1946 1947 Chiang Kai-shek 1948 Chang Chun Wong Wen-hao 1949 Sun Fo Ho Ying-chin

China Year Premier the Republic of China (on Taiwan) Premier the People's Republic of China (Mainland China) 1949 Yan Xishan Zhou Enlai 1950 Chen Cheng 1951 1952 1953 1954 Yü Hung-chün 1955 1956 1957 1958 Chen Cheng 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 Yen Chia-kan 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 Chiang Ching-kuo 1973 1974 1975 1976 Hua Guofeng (acting) Hua Guofeng 1977 1978

China Year Premier the Republic of China (on Taiwan) Premier the People's Republic of China (Mainland China) 1978 Sun Yun-suan Hua Guofeng 1979 1980 Zhao Ziyang (acting) 1981 1982 1983 1984 Yu Kuo-hwa Zhao Ziyang 1985 1986 1987 Li Peng (acting) 1988 1989 Lee Huan Li Peng 1990 Hau Pei-tsun 1991 1992 1993 Lien Chan 1994 1995 1996 1997 Vincent Siew Wan-chang 1998 Zhu Rongji 1999 2000 Tang Fei Chang Chun-hsiung 2001 2002 Yu Shyi-kun 2003 Wen Jiabao 2004 2005 Frank Hsieh Chang-ting 2006 Su Tseng-chang 2007 Chang Chun-hsiung 2008 Liu Chao-shiuan 2009 Wu Den-yih 2010 2011 2012 Sean Chen Chong 2013 Jiang Yi-huah Li Keqiang 2014 Mao Chi-kuo 2015 2016 Chang San-cheng Lin Chuan 2017 William Lai Ching‑te 2018 2019 Su Tseng-chang 2020 2021 2022 2023 Chen Chien-jen Li Qiang 2024 Cho Jung-tai

• Paramount leader, an informal list of those who have been considered the highest leader of the Chinese Communist Party and the People's Republic of China
• Leader of the Chinese Communist Party
• Chairman of the Kuomintang
• List of leaders of the People's Republic of China of institutions
• List of national leaders of the People's Republic of China
• List of leaders of the Republic of China

• Chief Executive of Hong Kong (1997–present)
• Chief Executive of Macau (1999–present)
• Chief Secretary for Administration of Hong Kong (1997–present)
• Secretary for Administration and Justice of Macau (1999–present)

• Governor-General of Taiwan (1895–1945)
• List of rulers of Taiwan

This article includes a rulers-related list of lists.