Line Z (Tren Interoceánico)

Railway of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec
Ferrocarril del Istmo de Tehuantepec
Map of Ferroistmo line (in green) from Salina Cruz to junction with Ferrosur lines (in blue) to Veracruz and Coatzacoalcos
Overview
LocaleIsthmus of Tehuantepec
PredecessorFCCM
Technical
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Other
Websitewww.pasajerosinteroceanico.com.mx
www.ferroistmo.com.mx

The Ferrocarril del Istmo de Tehuantepec (Ferrocarril del Istmo de Tehuantepec, S.A. de C.V.; English: Railway of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec), also known as Tren Interoceánico (English: Interoceanic Train), Line Z (Spanish: Línea Z), Ferrocarril Transístmico (English: Trans-Isthmic Railroad) or simply Ferroistmo (English: Rail Isthmus),[1] is part of the Interoceanic Corridor of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, owned by the Mexican government, that crosses the Isthmus of Tehuantepec between Puerto Mexico, Veracruz, and Salina Cruz, Oaxaca. It is leased to Ferrocarril del Sureste FERROSUR.

The Mayab and Chiapas lines, now part of the FIT were formerly leased to Ferrocarriles Chiapas-Mayab until Genesee & Wyoming gave up its concession in 2007.[2] Originally it was known as the Tehuantepec Railway and Gennesse and Wyoming had track rights over the FIT from Salina Cruz to medias Aguas and over Ferrosur from Medias Aguas to El Chapo, just south of Coatzacoalcos, under its concession.

History

The potential of the route from the Atlantic to the Pacific across the Isthmus of Tehuantepec has long been appreciated. As early as 1814 the Spanish government authorized a canal across the Isthmus. Soon after Mexico became independent in 1821, surveys were carried out which recommended constructing a plank trail for wagons through the Chivela Pass, with the northernmost part of the route using the Coatzacoalcos River which flows northward to the Gulf of Mexico on the Atlantic side of the isthmus. The river would be dredged to allow navigation. Nothing came of either of these plans.[3][4][5]

An illustration from Barnard's Survey of the Tehuantepec route

More serious planning began in the early 1840s, when José de Garay, the First Officer of the Ministry of War obtained a concession on the route and carried out a more thorough survey.[3] After many failed attempts to obtain funding, the concession was taken over by a New Orleans company, The Tehuantepec Railroad Company of New Orleans (TRCNO). Despite diplomatic problems over the status of the concession, a further survey of the route was carried out by Major John G. Barnard. This was published in 1852.[6]

The years between 1852 and 1861 were turbulent both diplomatically and financially. The opening of the Panama Railroad in 1854 provided competition for the Tehuantepec route, but also gave warning that the TRNCO's cost estimates were wildly optimistic. The Panic of 1857 made raising capital for transportation projects more difficult. There were disputes over the concession with the Mexican Government.[7] In spite of this, the company managed to construct a wagon trail (not a railroad) along the route, and offer a service for passengers and mail from New Orleans to San Francisco, starting in 1858. It was too little too late, however, and the company became insolvent in 1860. The outbreak of the American Civil War and the French intervention in Mexico the following year ended any immediate hope of reviving the project.[5]

After the Civil War ended, there was once again interest in trans-isthmus routes, in particular for a canal. A commission was appointed by the US Government in 1872. A new survey of the Tehuantepec route had been carried out by Admiral R. W. Shufeldt in 1870, but in spite of his positive report[8] the commission recommended a route through Nicaragua in 1876.[9] No government action resulted, however, and actual canal construction was started in Panama in 1881 by a French company headed by Ferdinand de Lesseps.

A radically different solution was proposed by James B. Eads - a ship-railway. Rather than a canal, he proposed a 6-track railway across the isthmus, with ships of up to 6,000 tons[which?] carried in a specially designed cradle.[10] Eads' ideas received considerable support in the USA, but he died in 1887, and this was effectively the end of the proposal.[9]

Newspaper report of the completion of the Tehuantepac Railroad

Railroad construction actually continued during this period, and the line was completed in 1894. It had many problems, including inadequate port facilities at each end, and varying standards of construction along the route. It soon became clear that a complete overhaul was necessary, and Weetman D. Pearson was contracted by the Mexican Government to undertake the work. The line was stabilized, and where necessary structures were rebuilt. Port facilities were established at Coatzacoalcos and Salina Cruz. The newly refurbished line opened in 1907.[11][12][9] The locomotives on the line were oil-burning steam locomotives. The Tehuantepec Railroad was one of the first to use this source of power.[13]

SS Texan , one of the freighters used on the Tehuantepec route[14]

The American-Hawaiian Steamship Company, which had been operating from San Francisco and Hawaii to New York through the Straits of Magellan contracted to provide connecting steamship lines to both ends of the railroad, allowing a 25 day service between San Francisco and New York.[15] Sugar became a major part of the freight, amounting to 250,000 tons[which?] annually,[16] and most of the sugar from Hawaii to Philadelphia and New York was carried on this route.[17]

The railroad prospered for seven years, until the Panama Canal opened in 1914. Despite optimistic forecasts that there was plenty of business for both the railroad and the canal,[4] business declined drastically after 1914, not helped by the Mexican Revolution and the onset of the First World War. The railroad continued to handle substantial passenger traffic well into the fifties, but ceased to be a significant carrier of freight.[12][9]

Redevelopment

Further information: Interoceanic Corridor of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec
Line Z
EMD F59PH locomotive at Salina Cruz station, Oaxaca, Mexico.
Overview
Service typeRegional rail, freight rail
StatusOperational
LocaleIsthmus of Tehuantepec
First serviceSeptember 2023 (freight)[18]
December 22, 2023 (passenger)[19]
Current operator(s)Ferrocarril del Istmo de Tehuantepec
Websitewww.pasajerosinteroceanico.com.mx
Route
TerminiCoatzacoalcos
Salina Cruz
Stops10
Distance travelled308 kilometres (191 mi)[20]
Technical
Rolling stockSee rolling stock
Track gauge4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge
Route map
Legend
Line FA to Palenque
 Coatzacoalcos
branch to
Minatitlán refinery
 Jáltipan[21]
Medias Aguas
Jesús Carranza[22]
Coatzacoalcos River
Oaxaca
Veracruz
border
 Donají[a]
Mogoñé[a]
Las Flores creek
 Matías Romero
Chivela[a]
Line K to Ciudad Hidalgo
Los Perros River
 Ixtepec
Tehuantepec River
 Salina Cruz
This diagram:
Transport routes in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. This map shows roads and ports, as well as the railroad; the map legend is in Spanish.

On 7 June 2020, President of Mexico Andrés Manuel López Obrador announced the beginning of the rehabilitation of the line. It will cost 3 billion pesos to begin the project, but in total, the project will cost 20 billion pesos.[28]

The project for the rehabilitation of the line will result in the speed of freight trains increasing from 20 kilometres per hour (12 mph) to 70 kilometres per hour (43 mph), more than three times the current speed. Furthermore, this project will also lead to the introduction of a passenger train, which will be able to reach speeds of up to 80 kilometres per hour (50 mph).[29]

It will also enable links to existing freight lines, including the Coatzacoalcos–Palenque and Chiapas-Veracruz lines, as well as another railway line, the Ixtepec–Ciudad Hidalgo Line, that extends from the Interoceanic Corridor of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec (CIIT, by its initials in Spanish) to the city of Tapachula, in Chiapas.

The work includes the application of aluminum-thermal welding on rails, application of paint on bridges and structures, dismantling, weeding, and cleaning of ditches. This will be done through the work of crews of personnel for the railroad, and through the hiring of private companies.[30]

The Medias Aguas-Salina Cruz section of the passenger railway performed its first tests in September 2023, including an official trip by the President and his staff, and the director of the CIIT, vice admiral Raymundo Morales Ángeles, stated that it will begin passenger operation in December, though cargo operations did officially begin in September.[18] This opening includes 227 rehabilitated kilometers of roads (out of 308 total kilometers between Coatzacoalcos and Salina Cruz),[20] 82 bridges and 290 drainage works. The modernization of this section, known as Line Z (Spanish: Línea Z), includes complementary works such as nine passenger stations, seven slopes, two supply stations, seven workshops, four yards, a single control and dispatch center, and two depots.[31]

On December 22, 2023, the passenger train service on Line Z from Coatzacoalcos to Salina Cruz was inaugurated.[32] Raymundo Morales Ángeles reported that the historic stations in Salina Cruz, Ixtepec, Mogoñé, and Medias Aguas, as well as the new stations in Chivela and Donají, were opened. However, in June 2024, the second stage of Line Z will open. Matías Romero railway station will reopen then, while 9 new stations will also open: Coatzacoalcos, Jáltipan, Jesús Carranza, Ubero, Sarabia, Lagunas, Nizanda, Comitancillo and Tehuantepec.[33][34]

Rolling stock

See also: Tren Interoceánico § Rolling stock

On 13 August 2023, ex-Union Pacific SD70M locomotives were presented that would be used for the train.[35][36] These locomotives would later be joined by ex-GO Transit GMD F59PH locomotives. [37][38] The Tren Interoceánico also purchased 12 passenger coaches from the Railway Excursion Management Company (Railexco), including a dome car named the Stampede Pass, three ex-Amtrak Amfleet coaches,[39] and 5 Budd SPV-2000 coaches.[40]

On 26 August 2023, the Stadler Citylink trains from the former Puebla-Cholula Tourist Train arrived at Coatzacoalcos railway station for use on the train.[41][42]

In addition, the Mexican government bought 12 special wagons (including three Amfleet coaches) from the Railway Excursion Management Company (Railexco).[43] They also bought three British Rail Class 43 locomotives and 11 British Rail Mark 3 coaches,[44] which reached the port of Coatzacoalcos on the ship ARKHANGELSK.[45][46] The purchased HSTs weigh 70.25 tons and 17.79 meters (58 feet) of length each,as well as wagons of 38.18 tons and 23 m (75' 5 1/2 ") in length.[47]

See also

Note

  1. ^ a b c Although construction on the majority of these stations, with the exception of Salina Cruz, was incomplete,[23][24] eight of them still opened on December 22, 2023. The stations of Jesús Carranza and Jáltipan opened in February 2024.[25][26] On the day of the inauguration, the government of Oaxaca estimated that the rehabilitation of the historic Matías Romero station would conclude in June 2024.[27]

References

  1. ^ McManus, Lowell G. "The Mexican Railways". Retrieved 31 January 2011.
  2. ^ Central America going nowhere. Railway Gazette International August 2007.
  3. ^ a b de Garay, Jose (1844). Survey of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Executed in the Years 1842 and 1843. London: Ackerman and Co.
  4. ^ a b Corthell, E.L. (1904). "The Tehuantepec Route". The Railroad Gazette. 34 (5): 154–157.
  5. ^ a b Gordon, Nicolas Edward (2013). From the Crescent City to Jaguar Hill: New Orleans business interest in the Tehuantepec National Railroad of Mexico (MA). University of Oklahoma.
  6. ^ Williams, John Jay (1852). The isthmus of Tehuantepec : being the results of a survey for a railroad to connect the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, made by the scientific commission under the direction of Major J.G. Barnard, U.S. engineers. New York: D. Appleton & Company.
  7. ^ Rippy, J. Fred (1920). "Diplomacy of the United States and Mexico Regarding the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, 1848-1860". The Mississippi Valley Historical Review. 6 (1): 503–531. doi:10.2307/1886471. JSTOR 1886471.
  8. ^ Stevens, Simon; Barnard, J.G.; Williams, J.J.; Adams, Julius W. (1872). "The New Route of Commerce by the Isthmus of Tehuantepec". Journal of the American Geographical Society of New York. 3: 300–342. doi:10.2307/196423. JSTOR 196423.
  9. ^ a b c d Winberry, John J. (1987). "The Mexican Landbridge Project: The Isthmus of Tehuantepec and Inter-Oceanic Transit". Yearbook.Conference of Latin Americanist Geographers. 13: 12–18. JSTOR 25765675.
  10. ^ Corthell, Elmer Lawrence (1886). The Atlantic & Pacific ship-railway across the Isthmus of Tehuantepec.
  11. ^ Hovey, Edmund Otis (1907). "The Isthmus of Tehuantepec and the Tehuantepec National Railway". Bulletin of the American Geographical Society. 39 (2): 78–91. doi:10.2307/198380. JSTOR 198380.
  12. ^ a b Glick, Edward B. (1953). "The Tehuantepec Railroad: Mexico's White Elephant". Pacific Historical Review. 22 (4): 373–382. doi:10.2307/4492098. JSTOR 4492098.
  13. ^ Aston, R. Godfrey (1911). "Oil-Burning Locomotives on the Tehuantepec National Railroad, Mexico". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. 81 (1): 1023–1047. doi:10.1243/PIME_PROC_1911_081_021_02.
  14. ^ "Traffic News". Railway Age Gazette. 48 (11): 744. 1910.
  15. ^ "A new trans-continental competitor". The Railroad Gazette. 39 (4): 74–75. 1905.
  16. ^ "Hearing regarding Pacific Coast rate cases". Railway Age Gazette. 50 (14): 872–873. 1911.
  17. ^ "Transcontinental traffic via Tehuantepec". The Railroad Gazette. 44 (12): 423. 1908.
  18. ^ a b Villa Román, Elisa. "Tren Interoceánico del Istmo de Tehuantepec: ruta completa, estaciones y fechas de inauguración". El País. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  19. ^ "Abren ruta Istmo-Veracruz". sinembargo.mx (in Spanish). 22 December 2023. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
  20. ^ a b Pamplona, Fabian (17 October 2023). "Corredor Interoceánico: Semar informa sobre avances en puertos de Coatzacoalcos, Salina Cruz, Chiapas y Dos Bocas". Diario del Istmo (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 December 2023.
  21. ^ López Celdo, Santos (22 February 2024). "Entra en operación estación de Jáltipan del Tren Interoceánico". Diario del Istmo (in Spanish). Retrieved 24 February 2024.
  22. ^ López Cabrera, Heder (8 February 2024). "Tren Interoceánico activa nuevo destino; te contamos de cuál se trata". Diario del Istmo (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 March 2024.
  23. ^ "Con obras a medias y demandas sociales sin cumplir, AMLO inaugurará Tren Transístmico en Oaxaca". El Universal Oaxaca (in Spanish). 21 December 2023. Retrieved 6 January 2024.
  24. ^ "Inconclusas obras en estaciones del tren Interoceánico del Istmo". MEGANOTICIAS (in Mexican Spanish). Retrieved 6 January 2024.
  25. ^ Malpica, Fernanda (21 December 2023). "Las 8 estaciones y precios para abordar el nuevo Tren Interoceánico de Veracruz a Oaxaca". La Silla Rota (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 March 2024.
  26. ^ Cachón, Jorge (16 February 2024). "Tren Interoceánico: las estaciones de la Línea Coatzacoalcos-Salina Cruz que abrirán este 2024". Diario del Istmo (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 March 2024.
  27. ^ "Ferrocarril Interoceánico del Istmo de Tehuantepec, una obra que reivindicará a los pueblos de Oaxaca: Salomón Jara". Government of the State of Oaxaca. Retrieved 6 January 2024.
  28. ^ Pérez, Maritza. "Inician obras de rehabilitación del Ferrocarril del Istmo de Tehuantepec". El Economista. Retrieved 25 April 2022.
  29. ^ ""El 22 de diciembre se inaugura el Tren del Istmo": AMLO". www.proceso.com.mx (in Spanish). Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  30. ^ "Ferrocarril del Istmo de Tehuantepec. S.A. de C.V. » Rehabilitación, Conservación y Mantenimiento de Vías, Puentes y Estructuras del Ferrocarril del Istmo de Tehuantepec, S.A. de C.V." (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 27 May 2022. Retrieved 21 May 2022.
  31. ^ "Primera fase del Tren del Istmo se inaugurará en agosto; tiene avance del 80 %". Imagen del Golfo (in Mexican Spanish). Retrieved 15 June 2023.
  32. ^ "Abren ruta Istmo-Veracruz". sinembargo.mx (in Spanish). 22 December 2023. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
  33. ^ "Ferrocarril Interoceánico del Istmo de Tehuantepec, una obra que reivindicará a los pueblos de Oaxaca: Salomón Jara". Government of the State of Oaxaca. Retrieved 6 January 2024.
  34. ^ López, Santos (2 September 2024). "Tren Interoceánico a punto de concluir estación de Lagunas Oaxaca". diariodelistmo.com (in Mexican Spanish). Retrieved 8 September 2024.
  35. ^ "Presentan primera locomotora del Tren Interoceánico del Istmo de Tehuantepec - Centro Urbano" (in Spanish). 14 August 2023. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
  36. ^ "Llegó la locomotora del mega proyecto del Tren Interoceánico del Istmo de Tehuantepec". MXCity (in Spanish). 15 August 2023. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
  37. ^ "RXCX 18520 spotted in Mobile, Alabama earlier today. Ex-GO Transit EMD F59PH will be exported to Mexico soon to join the Tren Interoceánico fleet". Reddit. 1 October 2023. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
  38. ^ "Salida del tren presidencial después de la Inauguración de la estación de Ixtepec, Oaxaca". Retrieved 6 January 2024.
  39. ^ "Ancient and super luxury wagons are coming to the Ferrocarril del Istmo; they will cover the Coatzacoalcos-Salina Cruz route". Costa Veracruz (in Mexican Spanish). 29 August 2023. Archived from the original on 29 August 2023. Retrieved 6 January 2024.
  40. ^ "Tren Interoceánico; llegan más vagones al puerto de Coatzacoalcos ¿desde donde?". Diario del Istmo (in Mexican Spanish). Retrieved 6 January 2024.
  41. ^ "Llegan a Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz, dos locomotoras del Tren Interoceánico del Corredor Transístmico". La Silla Rota (in Spanish). 26 August 2023. Retrieved 29 August 2023.
  42. ^ alcalorpolitico.com. "Arriba tren que se usará en proyecto del Ferrocarril del Istmo de Tehuantepec". Al Calor Politico (in Spanish). Retrieved 29 August 2023.
  43. ^ WordPress.com. (29 August 2023). "Vienen vagones antiguos y de súper lujo para el Ferrocarril del Istmo; cubrirán ruta Coatzacoalcos-Salina Cruz". Costa Veracruz (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 September 2023.
  44. ^ López, Heder (7 September 2024). "Tren Interoceánico: por este motivo se compraron trenes antiguos de Londres". diariodelistmo.com (in Mexican Spanish). Retrieved 8 September 2024.
  45. ^ "Llegan tres locomotoras y 11 vagones para el Ferrocarril del Istmo | La Jornada Veracruz" (in Mexican Spanish). 9 September 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
  46. ^ "Tren Interoceánico: concluye desembarque de locomotoras en el Puerto de Coatzacoalcos ¿llegarán más?". Diario del Istmo (in Mexican Spanish). Retrieved 11 September 2023.
  47. ^ "Desembarcan locomotoras para ferrocarril del Istmo de Tehuantepec". Grupo Milenio (in Mexican Spanish). 12 September 2023. Retrieved 14 September 2023.

Further reading

  • Dunn, Archibald Joseph (1896). The Tehuantepec Railway, A New Through Route to the East.

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Geographic feature in southeast Tanzania Makonde PlateauHighest pointElevation900 m (3,000 ft)Coordinates10°53′46″S 39°14′42″E / 10.896°S 39.245°E / -10.896; 39.245GeographyMakonde PlateauLocation of the Makonde Plateau in Tanzania Country TanzaniaRegionsMtwara Region and Lindi Region The Makonde Plateau, also known as the Newala Plateau, is a plateau in southeastern Tanzania. It is mostly within Mtwara Region, with the northeast corner ...

 

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Shell Mex House pada 2014 Shell Mex House adalah bangunan yang terletak di 80 Strand, London, Inggris dan sekarang berstatus listed building (bangunan terdaftar) tingkat II.[1] Bangunan yang ada sekarang berasal dari tahun 1930–1931 di lokasi Hotel Cecil dan terletak di belakang fasad Hotel tersebut dan di antara Adelphi dan Savoy Hotel. Secara umum, bangunan ini berlanggam Art Deco, dan dirancang oleh Frances Milton Cashmore dari perusahaan arsitek Messr Joseph. Lihat pula Wikimedi...