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Limon Dam
Limon Dam
	Location of Limon Dam in Peru
Official name	Presa Limon; Proyecto Especial Olmos Tinajones (PEOT)
Country	Peru
Coordinates	5°54′10.5″S 79°19′58″W / 5.902917°S 79.33278°W
Status	Operational
Construction began	2006
Opening date	2009
Dam and spillways
Type of dam	Embankment, concrete-face rock-fill
Impounds	Huancabamba River
Height	43 m (141 ft)
Length	320 m (1,050 ft)
Reservoir
Total capacity	44×106 m3 (36,000 acre⋅ft)
Active capacity	300×106 m3 (240,000 acre⋅ft)
Surface area	275 ha (680 acres)
Power Station
Installed capacity	600 MW (800,000 hp) (max. planned)
Annual generation	4,000 GWh (14,000 TJ) (est.)

The Limón Dam, part of the Olmos Transandino Project, is a multi-purpose concrete-face rock-fill embankment dam on the Huancabamba River in northwestern Peru, located to the south of Guabal. The project helps produce 4,000 gigawatt-hours (14,000 TJ) of electricity per year and transfer water from the Cajamarca region west to Lambayeque, near Olmos for the reclamation and irrigation of 43,500 hectares (107,000 acres) of farmland. The greatest feature and engineering challenge of the project was digging the 20-kilometre (12 mi) trans-Andean tunnel as it connects the Atlantic side of the Andes (Amazon basin) with the Pacific side.^[1]^[2]

The Olmos Irrigation Project is the largest of seven irrigation projects in Peru.^[3]

History and construction

The idea to divert the Huancabamba River to the fertile but arid lands of Olmos was first envisioned in 1924.^[4] The hydroelectric component was added in the 1940s and 1950s. Preliminary feasibility studies were conducted in the 1960s by Italconsult, in 1979-1982 soviet engineers from Hydroproject prepared and approved new design^[5]^[6] Tunnel excavation had been occurring since the 1950s and through the 1970s but work was halted in the 1980s due to a lack of funding. Construction on the project began in 2006 with the dam and Brazil's Odebrecht drilling the tunnel with a tunnel boring machine (TBM). Of the tunnel's 20 kilometres (12 mi) total length, 12.5 kilometres (7.8 mi) is being dug with a TBM. The dam was completed in 2009 and its reservoir began to impound the river.^[7] The tunnel was completed on 20 December 2011 with a ceremony attended by Peru's President Ollanta Humala.^[8]^[9]^[10] In June 2010, H2Olmos S.A. was awarded the contract for the irrigation system and it is expected to be operational in 2013.^[11] The contract for the hydroelectric component, which is planned to consist of two power stations, was awarded to Sindicato Energético S.A. in June 2010.^[12]

Project characteristics

The water transfer accomplished by the Limón Dam on the Huancabamba River is diverted up to 2.05 million cubic metres (1,660 acre⋅ft) of water a year through the 20-kilometre (12 mi) Olmos Transandino tunnel to the Olmos River Valley.^[13] The Limón Dam is a 43-metre (141 ft) high, 320-metre (1,050 ft) long embankment dam that creates a reservoir of impounding 44 million cubic metres (36,000 acre⋅ft). Water diverted by the dam is transferred via the tunnel to the Olmos River where it will be used to irrigate 5,500 hectares (14,000 acres) of land. From there, water continues down the Olmos River where at two points, it will be used at hydroelectric power stations. At the base of the valley, water will settle in the Palo Verde Reservoir which will have a storage capacity of 790 million cubic metres (28×10^⁹ cu ft). The Palo Verde Dam will serve as a diversion dam and shift water from the reservoir to the remaining 38,000 hectares (94,000 acres) of farmland.^[14]^[15]

Popular culture

The project was profiled in the May 18, 2009 episode of Build it Bigger and the March 19, 2014 episode of Strip the City. It also featured in an episode of Mega Construction.

References

^ Olmos Irrigation: A Work For Development (brochure) Archived 2009-09-19 at the Wayback Machine
^ Peru Bores Through Andes To Water Desert After Century Of Dreams Archived 2014-03-03 at the Wayback Machine Daily Maverick
^ Reuters Peru bores through Andes to water desert after century of dreams 4 April 2013 "The Olmos project, which critics say benefits mostly big agricultural companies rather than small farmers, is the most ambitious of seven massive irrigation works that are turning swaths of desert valleys near Peru's coast into profitable, producing fields."
^ "History". H2Olmos. Archived from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 8 January 2012.
^ "Japan Special Fund (JSF) Project Profile". Studies for the Olmos Irrigation Project. Retrieved 8 January 2012.
^ Makarov, Oleg (September 2013). Русский след в Андах [Russian footprint in the Andes]. Popular Mechanics (Russian Edition) (in Russian). 9: 46.
^ "Olmos Project" (PDF) (in Spanish). Lambayeque Government. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 8 January 2012.
^ "Work wraps up on Olmos water transfer tunnel". Hydro World. 20 December 2011. Retrieved 8 January 2012.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ "Peru's Olmos Hydropower Project PEOT Extends Bidding Timetable". Archived from the original on 2012-02-29. Retrieved 2010-01-17.
^ "Olmos Trans-Andean Tunnel". Robbins. Retrieved 8 January 2012.
^ "Trans-Andean tunnel to pump water to Peru's farmers". Fresh Fruit Portal. 9 February 2011. Archived from the original on 14 February 2011. Retrieved 8 January 2012.
^ "Phases and Stages". H2Olmos. Archived from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 8 January 2012.
^ Willis, Desiree (July 2007). "Tunnelling through the Mountains of Per" (PDF). Tunnel. The Robbins Company. pp. 60–62. Retrieved 8 January 2012.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ "Description of The Works". H2Olmos. Retrieved 8 January 2012.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ "Olmos Irrigation Project". H2Olmos. Retrieved 8 January 2012.^{[permanent dead link‍]}