Pierce was home-schooled in Fallbrook, California[1][3][4] and began playing the violin at age four.[5] By age 11 she began performing professionally as a violinist.[1] As a teenager, she also started taking classes at a local community college, accumulating so many units that some of the universities she applied to refused to consider her for freshman admission.[5]
She entered Princeton University majoring in mathematics but intending to pursue an MD–PhD program;[6]
under the influence of faculty mentor and undergraduate thesis supervisor Elias M. Stein, her interests shifted towards pure mathematics.[1][6][3] As an undergraduate, she also became an intern at the National Security Agency.[1]
She was Princeton's 2002 valedictorian and became a Rhodes Scholar, repeating two accomplishments of her brother Niles Pierce from nine years earlier.[3]
She earned a master's degree at the University of Oxford in 2004.[2][1] Returning to Princeton for doctoral study in mathematics, she completed her Ph.D. in 2009. Her dissertation, Discrete Analogues in Harmonic Analysis, was supervised by Stein.[2][7]