Liceo scientifico Filippo Masci was among the first licei scientifici to be opened in Italy due to 1923 Regio decreto n. 1054, part of Gentile reform, and was named in honor of Neo-Kantian philosopher and politician Filippo Masci [it], who had died in 1922. The aim of the creation of this kind of secondary schools was the education of future students of medicine or scientific disciplines, with a focus on scientific culture. At that time students were predominantly male and native of the province of Chieti, but some of them were born in other parts of Abruzzo, Molise, Marche, Argentine or United States.
From 1943 to 1944, during the World War II, the lessons were suspended and the school was opened to accommodate some displaced innhabitants of the province of Chieti.
In 1946, the name was changed from Regio Liceo Scientifico (Italian for "Royal Scientific Lyceum") to Liceo Scientifico Statale (Italian for "State Scientific Lyceum").[4]
For many years there were only 5 classes, but from the 1970s the students started to increase in number, so, when the growth finished, there were about 35-40 classes.[5]
In 2014 it was elected the "best secondary school in Abruzzo" by Eduscopio, a project of the Giovanni AgnelliFoundation.[6]