Lady Anne Clifford

Lady Anne Clifford
Lady Anne Clifford, portrait by William Larkin, National Portrait Gallery, London[1]
14th Baroness de Clifford
Reign1605–1677
PredecessorGeorge Clifford, 3rd Earl of Cumberland
SuccessorNicholas Tufton, 3rd Earl of Thanet
Born30 January 1590
Skipton Castle, England
Died22 March 1677(1677-03-22) (aged 87)
BuriedSt Lawrence's Church, Appleby
Noble familyClifford
Spouse(s)
(m. 1609; died 1624)
(m. 1630; died 1650)
Issue
  • Margaret Tufton, Countess of Thanet
  • Isabella Compton, Countess of Northampton
FatherGeorge Clifford, 3rd Earl of Cumberland
MotherLady Margaret Russell
The Great Picture, a huge triptych measuring 8ft 5" high and 16ft 2" wide, commissioned in 1646 by Anne Clifford, attributed to Jan van Belcamp (1610–1653), formerly hanging in Appleby Castle and now displayed in the Abbot Hall Art Gallery in Kendal, Cumbria. It depicts Anne as a girl at left and as a mature woman at right. The central panel shows her parents and young brothers. The painting is replete with significant elements referring to her life and to her succession to her paternal inheritance, gained after a lengthy legal dispute.[2]

Lady Anne Clifford, Countess of Dorset, Pembroke and Montgomery, suo jure 14th Baroness de Clifford (30 January 1590 – 22 March 1676)[3] was an English peeress. In 1605 she inherited her father's ancient barony by writ and became suo jure 14th Baroness de Clifford. She was a patron of literature and as evidenced by her diary and many letters was a literary personage in her own right. She held the hereditary office of High Sheriff of Westmorland which role she exercised from 1653 to 1676.[4]

Early years

Lady Anne was born on 30 January 1590 in Skipton Castle, and was baptised the following 22 February in Holy Trinity Church in Skipton in the West Riding of Yorkshire.[4] She was the only surviving child and sole heiress of George Clifford, 3rd Earl of Cumberland (1558–1605) of Appleby Castle in Westmorland and of Skipton Castle, by his wife, Lady Margaret Russell, daughter of Francis Russell, 2nd Earl of Bedford.[4]

Her parents' marriage was soured by the deaths of Anne's two elder brothers before the ages of 5 and her parents lived apart for most of her childhood. The strain of the marriage was seen in the public realm as well, especially after the separation. Her father maintained an important position at the court of Elizabeth I, while her mother received no recognition in regard to her husband at court. As her parents were separated, her mother maintained a matriarchal position in her house, for the family was kept under her care.[5]

Anne Clifford was brought up in an almost entirely female household—evoked in Emilia Lanier's Description of Cookeham—and received an excellent education from her tutor, the poet Samuel Daniel.[6] As a child, she was a favourite of Elizabeth I. Accounts of her expenses in London and at Chenies between 1600 to 1602 mention her farthingale and wired rebato collar. She played the virginals, was taught to dance by Stephens, and musicians were employed at her masque entertainment.[7]

In May 1603, Anne Clifford was staying at Northaw manor and went to see the new king, James VI and I, at Theobalds. In June, she rode north to Coventry to meet Anne of Denmark. She was not allowed to attend their coronation on 25 July for fear of the plague. She wrote a Memoir of events of 1603.[8]

Inheritance

On the death of her father on 30 October 1605, she succeeded suo jure to the ancient title Baroness de Clifford, a barony created by writ in 1299, but her father's earldom passed (according to the patent of its creation) as was usual, to the heir male, namely his younger brother Francis Clifford, 4th Earl of Cumberland (1559–1641), to whom he had willed his estates. He had bequeathed to Anne the sum of £15,000. In her young adulthood, she engaged in a long and complex legal battle to obtain the family estates, which had been granted by King Edward II (1307–1327) under absolute cognatic primogeniture, instead of the £15,000 willed to her.[4]

Her main argument was that she was just 15 years old at the time. King James I supported her rival's claim.[9] In January 1617, the queen, Anne of Denmark, encouraged Anne Clifford to pursue her claim and not accept a settlement promoted by King James.[10] It was not until the death in 1643 without a male heir of Henry Clifford, 5th Earl of Cumberland, the 4th Earl's only son, that Anne Clifford managed to regain the family estates, although she did not obtain possession until 1649.[11]

At court

Anne Clifford never became a lady in waiting or lady of the queen's privy chamber,[12] but she danced in masques with Anne of Denmark.[13] She played the Nymph of the Air in Samuel Daniel's masque Tethys's Festival, and took roles in several of the early court masques by Ben Jonson, including The Masque of Beauty (1608) and The Masque of Queens (1609).[14] In April 1613 she joined Anne of Denmark's progress to Bath.[15]

Marriages and children

Lady Anne (in black) depicted with her second Husband, Philip Herbert, 4th Earl of Pembroke and his Family by Van Dyck. (Wilton House)

Lady Anne married twice. Firstly, on 27 February 1609 to Richard Sackville, 3rd Earl of Dorset (d.1624). Sackville's grandfather arranged the marriage, writing in April 1607 to ask the courtier George More of Loseley to influence the Countess of Cumberland for the match with "that virtuous young lady the Lady Anne".[16] The old Earl of Dorset had to counter rumours against his family honour that he trumped negotiations for her hand from the heir to the Earl of Exeter.[17] By her first husband Anne had five children, three sons who all died before adulthood and two daughters and co-heiresses:

Secondly, in 1630, Anne married the wealthy Philip Herbert, 4th Earl of Pembroke and 1st Earl of Montgomery (1584–1650), whose first wife, Lady Susan de Vere had died the year before.

Both marriages were reportedly difficult; contemporaries cited Lady Anne's unyielding personality as a cause, whilst her cousin Edward Russell, 3rd Earl of Bedford, compared her to the River Rhone.[18] A more sympathetic viewpoint would attribute some of the troubles in her first marriage to her husband's extravagance and his infidelities. Her first husband was a prominent figure at court. Her disagreement with her husband over her inheritance claims proved another source of difficulty within their marriage. Lord Dorset believed she should settle the inheritance case rather than pursue it.[19] A central conflict with her second husband lay in her decision to allow her younger daughter to make her own choice of husband.[citation needed]

A list or catalogue of the household and family of the Earl and Countess of Dorset at Knole survives. It records the names and roles of servants. It includes two African servants, Grace Robinson, a maid in the laundry, and John Morockoe, who worked in the kitchen. Both are described as "Blackamoors".[20]

Maintaining favour at court

Lady Anne frequently went to London and the court, in November 1617, wearing a "green damask gown embroidered, without a farthingale".[21] and met Lady Ruthin. Jane Drummond, Lady Roxburghe, and Lady Ruthin were her contacts in the queen's household.[22] Ruthin took Anne Clifford's letters and gifts to Anne of Denmark, including a white satin gown embroidered with pearls and coloured silks. The pearls and embroidery cost Clifford £80 over the cost of the satin fabric. Clifford was admitted to the queen's bedchamber where she was able to talk to King James.[23]

Clifford sent Lady Ruthin an expensive ruffled satin skirt with £100 worth of embroidery to present to Anne of Denmark.[24] For a New Year's Day gift in January 1619, she sent Anne of Denmark a cloth of silver cushion embroidered with the Danish royal arms and embellished with slips of tent stitch.[25] As well as patronising professional embroiderers, Anne embroidered a cushion with Irish stitch.[26] Clifford last saw King James in January 1620 at Whitehall Palace after a masque in the Banqueting House. The show was Ben Jonson's News from the New World Discovered in the Moon.[27]

Patron of arts

The title page of a 1923 edition of Clifford's diaries.

She was an important patron of literature and due to her own writings in the form of letters and the diary she kept from 1603 to 1616, was a literary figure in her own right. John Donne said of her that she could "discourse of all things from Predestination to Slea-silk".

Jan van Belcamp painted a huge triptych portrait of Anne Clifford to her own design and specifications. Titled The Great Picture, it portrays Lady Anne at three points in her life: at age 56 (right), at age 15 (left), and before birth in her mother's womb (centre). In connection with the painting, Anne Clifford dated her own conception at 1 May 1589, an unusual act of precision.[28] The painting can now be seen in the Abbot Hall Art Gallery in Kendal, Cumbria.

Anne sent a miniature portrait of herself to her mother the Countess of Cumberland in June 1615, writing, "I have sent you my picture done in little, which some says is very like me, and others say it does me rather wrong than flatters me, I know you will accept the shadow of her whose substance is come from yourself. I hope you will requite me with the same kindness and let me have yours when either you come up to London, or when so ever any that draw pictures comes into those parts where now you are."[29]

Building works

In 1656 she erected the Countess Pillar near Brougham, Cumbria, in memory of her late mother. This was the site of her last meeting with her mother in 1616. On the low stone beside it, money was given to the poor on the anniversary of their parting. This is commemorated annually on 2 April.

She restored churches at Appleby-in-Westmorland, Ninekirks, Brougham and Mallerstang. She was also responsible for the improvement and expansion of many of the Clifford family's castles across Northern England, including Skipton Castle in Yorkshire and Pendragon Castle, Brough Castle, Appleby Castle and Brougham Castle, all in Westmorland (now Cumbria).

Later life and death

Tomb effigy of Margaret Clifford, Lady Anne's mother,[30] in St Lawrence's Church, Appleby

After inheriting her father's estates in Westmorland, when the remaining male heirs (her uncle and his son) died out, Lady Anne thus became a wealthy landowner. She was loyal to the Crown during the Civil War, defending her estates until they fell to the Parliamentarians after the Battle of Marston Moor.[31]

She was heavily involved with her tenants to the point of filing lawsuits against them and actively pursuing rents and debts owed to her. This was to be the demeanour of her power in later life, that of a direct landowner calling upon the traditions of the baronial class.[19] After moving north, she rotated her residence amongst her castles, living in various ones for several months to a year at a time. She died aged 86 at Brougham Castle, in the room in which her father had been born and her mother had died.[32] At her death she was the Dowager Countess of Dorset, Pembroke, and Montgomery. Her tomb and monument is in St Lawrence's Church, Appleby-in-Westmorland.[33][34][31]

Notes

  1. ^ Profile, theguardian.com, 3 October 2013; Retrieved 24 March 2014.
  2. ^ "Abbot Hall".
  3. ^ Clifford, D.H, ed. (1990). The Diaries of Lady Anne Clifford. Gloucestershire: Alan Sutton Publishing.
  4. ^ a b c d "Clifford, Anne" . Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
  5. ^ Seelig, Sharon. Autobiography and Gender in Early Modern Literature: Reading Women's Lives 1600–1680. Cambridge University Press.
  6. ^ Antoinina Bevan Zlatar, 'Reading Anne Clifford's Books in the Company of Samuel Daniel', Aufklärung, 32 (2020), p. 38.
  7. ^ Thomas Dunham Whitaker, The History and Antiquities of the Deanery of Craven (London, 1805), pp. 279–80.
  8. ^ Jessica L. Malay, Anne Clifford's Autobiographical Writings (Manchester, 2018), pp. 7, 17, 20, 22.
  9. ^ Effie Botonaki, "Anne of Denmark and the Court Masque", Debra Barret-Graves, The Emblematic Queen (Palgrave Macmillan, 2013), pp. 148–150.
  10. ^ Jessica L. Malay, Anne Clifford's Autobiographical Writing, 1590-1676 (Manchester, 2018), pp. 48, 234: Eva Griffith, A Jacobean Company and its Playhouse: The Queen's Servants at the Red Bull Theatre (Cambridge, 2013), p. 129.
  11. ^ DeMers, p. 123.
  12. ^ Jessica L. Malay, Anne Clifford's Autobiographical Writing, 1590-1676 (Manchester, 2018), p. 21.
  13. ^ Jessica L. Malay, Anne Clifford's Autobiographical Writing, 1590-1676 (Manchester, 2018), p. 100.
  14. ^ Eva Griffith, A Jacobean Company and its Playhouse: The Queen's Servants at the Red Bull Theatre (Cambridge, 2013), p. 129.
  15. ^ John Nichols, Progresses of James the First, vol. 2 (London, 1828), p. 628.
  16. ^ HMC 7th Report (More Molyneux) (London, 1879), p. 668.
  17. ^ Courtney Erin Thomas, If I lose Mine Honour I Lose Myself (Toronto, 2017), p 106.
  18. ^ Richardson, p. 117.
  19. ^ a b Hodgkin, Katharine (1985). "The Diary of Lady Anne Clifford: A Study of Class and Gender in the Seventeenth Century". History Workshop. 19: 148–161. doi:10.1093/hwj/19.1.148.
  20. ^ D. J. H. Clifford, The Diaries of Lady Anne Clifford (Stroud, 1990), pp. 274-6.
  21. ^ Jane Ashelford, The Art of Dress, Clothes and Society (National Trust, 1996), pp. 63-4.
  22. ^ David J. H. Clifford, The Diaries of Lady Anne Clifford (Stroud, 1990), 45, 47, 55.
  23. ^ David J. H. Clifford, The Diaries of Lady Anne Clifford (Stroud, 1990), 57, 64.
  24. ^ Jessica L. Malay, Anne Clifford's Autobiographical Writing, 1590-1676 (Manchester, 2018), pp. 3, 69.
  25. ^ Jessica L. Malay, Anne Clifford's Autobiographical Writings (Manchester, 2018), 72: D. J. H. Clifford, The Diaries of Lady Anne Clifford (Stroud, 1990), p. 66.
  26. ^ Jessica L. Malay, Anne Clifford's Autobiographical Writings (Manchester, 2018), pp. 42 and 54: Susan Frye, Pins and Needles: Women's Textualities in Early Modern England (Philadelphia, 2010), pp. 123-4.
  27. ^ Jessica L. Malay, Anne Clifford's Autobiographical Writing, 1590-1676 (Manchester, 2018), p. 229.
  28. ^ Snook, p. 1
  29. ^ HMC 11th Report Appendix Part VII: Lord Hothfield (London, 1888), p. 83 spelling modernised here.
  30. ^ "Lady Anne Clifford's story, Historic England".
  31. ^ a b "Anthony, St - Appledram A Topographical Dictionary of England". British History Online. S Lewis, London 1848. Retrieved 13 January 2025.
  32. ^ "Appleby Castle". Castle Explorer. Archived from the original on 24 December 2007. Retrieved 1 December 2007.
  33. ^ English Heritage Lady Anne Clifford
  34. ^ Geograph Photograph and description of Lady Anne Clifford's tomb

References

  • Clifford, Lady Anne (2009). Clifford, D. J. H. (ed.). The Diaries of Lady Anne Clifford. Gloucestershire: The History Press.
  • Demers, Patrica A. (2005). Women's Writing in English: Early Modern England. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
  • Holmes, Martin (1975). Proud Northern Lady: Lady Anne Clifford 1590-1676. Phillimore & Co. (reprinted many times)
  • Richardson, Jerusha D. (1899). Famous Ladies of the English Court. H. Stone.
  • Snook, Edith (2005). Women, Reading, and the Cultural Politics of Early Modern England. London: Ashgate.
  • Williamson, George (1967). Lady Anne Clifford Countess of Dorset, Pembroke and Montgomery 1590–1676: Her Life, Letters, and Work (2nd ed.). East Ardley: S.R. Publishers.

Further reading

Peerage of England
Preceded by Baroness de Clifford
1605–1676
Succeeded by

Read other articles:

Световой годсв.год Две сферы с радиусами 1 и 10 световых лет в сравнении с расстояниями от Земли до ближайших известных звёзд; размеры самих звёзд увеличены для улучшения восприятия. Величина длина Система Астрономическая система единиц Тип основная Светово́й год (обозна...

 

العلاقات الآيسلندية الروسية آيسلندا روسيا   آيسلندا   روسيا تعديل مصدري - تعديل   العلاقات الآيسلندية الروسية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين آيسلندا وروسيا.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذه مقارنة عامة ومرجعية للدولتين: وجه المقارنة آ�...

 

Tomoyuki TanakaTanaka di set Battle in Outer Space pada tahun 1959Lahir(1910-04-26)26 April 1910Kashiwara, Osaka, Jepang[1]Meninggal2 April 1997(1997-04-02) (umur 86)Tokyo, Jepang[2]AlmamaterUniversitas KansaiPekerjaanProduser filmTahun aktif1940–1997Suami/istriChieko Nakakita ​(m. 1950)​Anak4PenghormatanOrde Khazanah Suci (1981)[3]Nama JepangKanji 田中 友幸 Hiragana たなか ともゆき[1] RomanisasiTanaka Tomoyu...

Filip Tapalović Nazionalità  Germania Croazia Altezza 182 cm Calcio Ruolo Centrocampista Termine carriera 2008 - giocatore Carriera Giovanili  Schalke 04 Squadre di club1 1995-1997 Bochum25 (0)1997-1999 Schalke 0418 (0)1999-2002 Monaco 186056 (2)2002-2005 Bochum44 (2)2005-2006 Wacker Innsbruck31 (0)2007-2008 Carl Zeiss Jena18 (2)2008 Rijeka8 (0) Nazionale 1996-1997 Croazia U-213 (0)2002 Croazia3 (0) 1 I due numeri indicano le presenze e le ...

 

2020年夏季奥林匹克运动会波兰代表團波兰国旗IOC編碼POLNOC波蘭奧林匹克委員會網站olimpijski.pl(英文)(波兰文)2020年夏季奥林匹克运动会(東京)2021年7月23日至8月8日(受2019冠状病毒病疫情影响推迟,但仍保留原定名称)運動員206參賽項目24个大项旗手开幕式:帕维尔·科热尼奥夫斯基(游泳)和马娅·沃什乔夫斯卡(自行车)[1]闭幕式:卡罗利娜·纳亚(皮划艇)&#...

 

UFC mixed martial arts TV series and event in 2013 Season of television series The Ultimate Fighter: Brazil 2Season 2StarringDana White, Antônio Rodrigo Nogueira, and Fabrício WerdumReleaseOriginal networkGlobo, Fuel TVOriginal releaseMarch 17 (2013-03-17) –June 2, 2013 (2013-06-02)Season chronology← PreviousThe Ultimate Fighter: Brazil 1Next →The Ultimate Fighter: Brazil 3 The Ultimate Fighter: Brazil 2 is an installment of the Ultimate Fighting Championship ...

Mayenne Region Pays-de-la-Loire Prefektur Laval Presiden Jean Arthuis Distrik 3 Kanton 32 Kotamadya 261 Wilayah 5.175 km² Penduduk (2004) - Total  - Kepadatan 293.000 hab. 57 hab./km² Letak Mayenne di Prancis. Mayenne (53) ialah sebuah departemen di Prancis yang terletak di region Pays de la Loire. Pranala luar Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Mayenne. (Prancis) Prefektur (Prancis) Dewan Jenderal Mayenne (Prancis) http://www.lamayenne.fr/?SectionId=44 lbsDepartemen di Pr...

 

Gamaliel IIBiographieNaissance Jérusalem (Judée)Décès Vers 114Lod (Judée)Sépulture YavnéActivités Rabbin, NassiPère Shimon ben Gamliel IFratrie Ima ShalomEnfants Shimon ben Gamliel IIHanina ben Gamaliel (d)Autres informationsMaître Shimon ben Gamliel IVue de la sépulture.modifier - modifier le code - modifier Wikidata Mausolée où reposerait Rabban Gamliel de Yavné ; jusqu’en 1948, cette tombe mamelouke bâtie en 1293 n’était connue que comme le Mausolée...

 

History of the flight simulator series This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: History of Microsoft Flight Simulator – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (July 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this message)Microsoft Flight Simulator began as a set of articles on computer graphics, written...

2022年南达科他州单一国会选区联邦众议员选举 ← 2020年 2022年11月8日 2024年 →   获提名人 达斯蒂·约翰逊 科兰·杜普雷尔 政党 共和黨 自由意志黨 民選得票 253,821 74,020 得票率 77.4% 22.6% 各县结果约翰逊:     60–70%     70–80%     80–90%     >90%杜普雷尔:     50–60%     60...

 

State park in Emery County, Utah, United States Huntington State ParkIUCN category V (protected landscape/seascape)Huntington State Park, August 2009Location of Huntington State Park in UtahShow map of UtahHuntington State Park (the United States)Show map of the United StatesLocationEmery, Utah, United StatesCoordinates39°20′20″N 110°56′51″W / 39.33889°N 110.94750°W / 39.33889; -110.94750Area111 acres (45 ha)[1]Elevation5,840 ft (1,780...

 

U.S. federal district court in Arkansas United States District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas(E.D. Ark.)LocationRichard Sheppard Arnold U.S. Post Office and Courthouse(Little Rock)More locationsJacob Trieber Federal Building, United States Post Office, and United States Court House(Helena)JonesboroAppeals toEighth CircuitEstablishedMarch 3, 1851Judges5Chief JudgeKristine BakerOfficers of the courtU.S. AttorneyJonathan D. RossU.S. Marshalvacantwww.are.uscourts.g...

Ministries of the State of Palestine Politics of Palestine Officeholders whose status is disputed are shown in italics Member state of the Arab League Government State of Palestine government (Ramallah) President: Mahmoud Abbasa Prime Minister: Mohammad Shtayyeh Hamas government (Gaza) National symbols Flag National anthem Coat of arms Legislative Council Palestinian National Council Palestinian Legislative Council Current members Speaker Aziz Dweik Elections Elections Electoral regions Polit...

 

يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (يوليو 2019) هذه المقالة تحتاج للمزيد من الوصلات للمقالات الأخرى للمساعدة في ترابط مقالات الموسوعة. فضلًا ساعد في تحسي...

 

Cet article est une ébauche concernant l’astronautique. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Ares IV Ares-IV, comparaison Données générales Pays d’origine États-Unis Premier vol Projet abandonné Hauteur 113 m Diamètre 10 m Étage(s) 2 Charge utile Orbite basse 122 t Transfert géostationnaire (GTO) 41,1 t Missions Vaisseau Lunaire modifier  Ares IV (ou Ares 4), est un projet ...

Tahap nembok atau memberikan perintang berupa malam. Bagian yang tertutup malam nantinya tidak akan terkena pewarna, sehingga akan memunculkan corak batik. Celup rintang adalah salah satu cara tradisional pewarnaan kain berpola. Cara ini memanfaatkan perintang/penahan yang mencegah warna masuk ke bagian-bagian tertentu dari sebuah kain, sehingga dapat menghasilkan corak atau pola. Salah satu perintang yang paling umum digunakan adalah malam, beberapa juga menggunakan pati atau lumpur.[1&#...

 

For other ships with the same name, see Greek ship Hydra. Hydra (D 97) - ΒΠ Ύδρα (D 97) History Greece NamesakeHydra Island BuilderCantieri Odero LaunchedOctober 21, 1931 CommissionedNovember 1932 FateBombed and sunk April 22, 1941, near Lagousa Island General characteristics Class and typeKountouriotis-class destroyer Displacement Full load 2,050 tons Standard 1,389 tons Length92 m (302 ft) Beam9.5 m (31 ft) Draft3.65 m (12.0 ft) PropulsionBoilers: 3, Engi...

 

ثورة علميةمعلومات عامةالبداية 1543 النهاية 1687 المنطقة أوروبا تعديل - تعديل مصدري - تعديل ويكي بيانات الثورة العلمية (بالإنجليزية: Scientific revolution)‏ أو التقدم العلمي (بالإنجليزية: Scientific progress)‏، هو فكرة أن العلم يزيد من قدرة حل المشكلة من خلال تطبيق بعض الأساليب العلمية.[1][2&#...

Resolusi 1179Dewan Keamanan PBBPembagian Siprus dengan Siprus Utara ditandaiTanggal29 Juni 1998Sidang no.3.898KodeS/RES/1179 (Dokumen)TopikSituasi di SiprusRingkasan hasil15 mendukungTidak ada menentangTidak ada abstainHasilDiadopsiKomposisi Dewan KeamananAnggota tetap Tiongkok Prancis Rusia Britania Raya Amerika SerikatAnggota tidak tetap Bahrain Brasil Kosta Rika Gabon Gambia Jepang Kenya Portugal Slovenia ...

 

Peta Zuid en Ooster Afdeeling van Borneo, Distrik Dusun Ulu, Siang dan Murung no. XVII Dusun Ulu, Murung dan Siang, selanjutnya hanya disebut Dusun Ulu adalah bekas kedemangan yang kemudian pada tahun 1863 ditingkatkan menjadi sebuah Distrik Dusun Ulu, Murung dan Siang (merupakan bagian dari wilayah administratif Districten Becompaij en Doesson kemudian pada tahun 1861 ditingkatkan menjadi Afdeeling Becompaij en Doesson) pada zaman kolonial Hindia Belanda dahulu. Wilayah distrik Dusun Ulu mel...